Cyberbrottens pussel : Rekonstruktion av cyberangrepp

Which piece do you start with in a puzzle without an end? The aim of this study was to investigate whether the analysis of cybercrime can be streamlined using moderntechnologies and tools. A quantitative experimental method was employed, analyzing an existing dataset. Through both manual analysis and language model-based processing, the study examined which digital traces are most useful for reconstructing cyberattacks. The results showed that certain artifacts could be linked to specific attacks. The language models demonstrated varying capabilities in analysis and filtering tasks, ranging from high accuracy to an inability to perform the analysis. The conclusion drawn is that timeline reconstruction can be made more efficient through careful selection of artifacts and adaptation to the nature of the attack. AI models can support the analytical process, but they still require human oversight and must be aligned with forensic standards. The study highlights both the potential and limitation of current technologies and emphasizes the need for continued research in this field. Particularly important is the development of robust frameworks to ensure data integrity and legal defensibility in automated analyses. The hope is that future innovations will reduce the workload for IT forensics professionals while improving the reliability of cybercrime investigations

Scientists' warning on the need for greater inclusion of dragonflies in global conservation

Dragonflies (Odonata) are ancient and familiar insects with a deep and strong cultural association with humans. They have an aquatic larval stage and an aerial adult stage, meaning that they respond to ecological conditions in both freshwater and the adjacent land surface. Currently, 16% of dragonflies are threatened. Overall, they face several threats, especially habitat loss, landscape transformation, pollution, altered hydrology, spread of invasive alien species, as well as certain geographic-specific threats. Overarching these threats, which can be interactive with each other, is the issue of global climate change and attendant extreme weather events. While many localised and habitat specialist species are under extreme threat, some other dragonfly species, mostly habitat generalists, benefit from certain moderate human activities, especially the creation of high-quality artificial ponds. As well-researched insects, dragonflies play an important role in the protection of freshwater and riparian ecosystems. Dragonfly assemblages have great value as sentinels of both deteriorating environmental conditions and ecosystem recovery following restoration. While similar findings on both threats and conservation actions are emerging across the world, certain ecosystems require targeted approaches. Above all, dragonflies must be included more widely in general biodiversity conservation activities and policies. Overall, dragonflies are important targets, tools and model organisms for conservation action, and they can act as potential surrogates for other taxa that also depend on high water and riparian zone quality. While research has paved the way to address these challenges, including the use of new technologies, we now urge that dragonflies be included more strongly in policy and management associated with both freshwater and adjacent terrestrial realms. This inclusion is especially effective as dragonflies have great appeal to a diverse community of people from odonatologists (citizen and professional) through to policymakers and managers, all of whom can employ dragonflies to contribute more to freshwater-associated conservation. Finally, we propose an action plan focusing on five action points that address opportunities, and we suggest where dragonflies can play a greater role in freshwater/riparian zone conservation more widely across the world. © 2025 The Author(s). Insect Conservation and Diversity published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Royal Entomological Society

Sustainability strategies in change : A qualitative study of evolutionary sustainability strategies and the influence of stakeholders on them in medium-sized companies

Title: Sustainability strategies in change Subtitle: A qualitative study of evolutionary sustainability strategies and the influence of stakeholders on them in medium-sized companies.  Subject: Bachelor’s thesis in business administration, 15 credits  Authors: Maja Ahlqvist & Jenny Gustafsson Supervisor: Jan-Olof Eriksson  Problem statement:  How do sustainability strategies evolve over time in medium-sized companies?What influence can stakeholders have on corporate sustainability strategies? Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine how sustainability strategies change over time in 5 medium-sized companies, and to analyze how different stakeholders influence this change. Method: The study has been conducted using a qualitative method and an inductive  approach, which is a combination of a deductible and inductive approach. Throughout the study, we have therefore taken part in scientific articles whose material has been analyzed together with the empirical data that we have collected to investigate how well practice matches theory. Result & Discussion: The study shows that companies work with sustainability strategies that are usually more organically developed rather than deliberately planned. These strategies typically span several years and are group-managed for the companies that are group-owned. While the goals are adapted locally based on the requirements of the stakeholders. Since its implementation, CSRD reporting has become a central and substantial component of corporate sustainability efforts. The development of sustainability work is characterized by many trials and sortings, where stakeholders' needs and profitability determine which models and goals should ultimately be preserved in the companies. Keywords: Sustainability strategies, evolutionary strategies, stakeholders, medium-sized companies.Titel: Hållbarhetsstrategier i förändring Underrubrik: En kvalitativ studie av evolutionära hållbarhetsstrategier och intressenters påverkan på dem i medelstora företag.  Ämne: Kandidatuppsats i företagsekonomi, 15 hp  Författare: Maja Ahlqvist & Jenny Gustafsson Handledare: Jan-Olof Eriksson  Forskningsfrågor:  Hur utvecklas hållbarhetsstrategier över tid i medelstora företag?Vilken påverkan kan intressenterna ha på företags hållbarhetsstrategier? Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur hållbarhetsstrategier förändras över tid i 5 medelstora företag, samt att analysera hur olika intressenter påverkar denna förändring.  Metod: Studien har genomförts med en kvalitativ metod och en abduktiv ansats som är en kombination av en deduktiv och induktiv ansats. Vi har genom studiens gång därför tagit del av vetenskapliga artiklar vars material har analyserats ihop med den empiriska datan som vi har samlat in för att undersöka hur väl praktiken stämmer överens med teorin. Resultat & diskussion: Studien visar att företagen arbetar med hållbarhetsstrategier som oftast är mer organiskt framväxande snarare än planerade. Strategierna sträcker sig vanligtvis över några år och är koncenstyrda för de bolagen som är koncernägda. Medan målen anpassas lokalt utifrån intressenternas krav. CSRD-rapporteringen har sedan implementeringen blivit en central del som kommit att bli en omfattande del för företagens hållbarhetsarbete. Hållbarhetsarbetets utveckling präglas av många prövningar och sorteringar, där intressenternas behov och lönsamhet beslutar kring vilka modeller och mål som i slutädan ska bevaras i företagen. Nyckelord: Hållbarhetsstrategier, evolutionära strategier, intressenter, medelstora företag.

Nurse’s Experiences of Challenges in Person-centred Care for Multimorbid Patients in Inpatient Care : A general literature study

Bakgrund: En globalt åldrande befolkning och ett ökat antal kroniska sjukdomar gör multisjuklighet till ett växande problem. Slutenvården erbjuder avancerad akutsjukvård utformad för att behandla specifika sjukdomstillstånd. Omvårdnaden kring multisjuklighet är komplex där polyfarmaci och vårdplanering utgör centrala delar. Multisjuka patienter upplever ofta brister i samordning och kommunikation då omvårdnaden inte blir personcentrerad. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa sjuksköterskors upplevelser av utmaningar i utförandet av personcentrerad vård med multisjuka patienter inom slutenvården. Metod: En allmän litteraturstudie med abduktiv ansats, där nio artiklar kodades och underkategorier skapades vilka sorterades utifrån McCormack och McCances teoretiska ramverk för personcentrerad vård. Resultat: Resultatet presenteras i fyra kategorier med tillhörande underkategorier: makrosammanhang inklusive fragmenterad vård och tidsbrist, förutsättningar inklusive kunskapsbrist och emotionella påfrestningar, vårdmiljön inklusive resursbrist och bristande teamsamarbete, personcentrerade processer inklusive komplexiteten hos multisjuka patienter, hinder i vårdrelationer och en komplex vårdplanering. Konklusion: Slutenvårdens akuta och sjukdomsinriktade utformning resulterar i stora utmaningar för sjuksköterskor i utförandet av personcentrerad och helhetsinriktad vård. En personcentrerad vård har stor betydelse vid multisjuklighet där vårdbehovet är komplext, vilket medför betydande utmaningar i omvårdnaden. Sjuksköterskor upplever emotionella påfrestningar i form av höga förväntningar samt tids- och resursbrist, vilket i sin tur påverkar vårdrelationen negativt.Background: An aging population and an increasing number of chronic diseases make multimorbidity a growing problem. Inpatient care provides advanced acute care designed to treat specific conditions. Caring for multimorbid patients is complex, with polypharmacy and healthcare planning being central aspects. Multimorbid patients can experience lack of coordination and communication resulting in nursing that is not personcentred. Aim: The aim was to highlight nurses’ experiences of challenges in providing person-centred care with multimorbid patients in inpatient care. Method: A general literature review with an abductive approach, where nine articles were coded, subcategories were created and sorted based on McCormack and McCance’s theoretical framework for person-centred care. Results: The findings are presented in four categories with associated subcategories: macro context including fragmented care and lack of time, prerequisites including lack of knowledge and emotional strain, the care environment including resource shortages and lack of team collaboration, person-centred processes including the complexity of multimorbid patients, obstacles in the care relationship and a complex care planning. Conclusion: The acute and disease-oriented design of inpatient care results in significant challenges for nurses to deliver person-centred and holistic care. Person-centred care is particularly important in cases of multimorbidity where the care needs are complex, posing substantial challenges in nursing. Nurses experience emotional strain due to high expectations, time constraints and resource shortages, which negatively impacts the care relationship

Addressing Challenges in EV Charging Infrastructure in Kerala : Comparative Study on Small-Scale E2W Manufacturers and Users

This study discusses the impact of limited electric vehicle (EV) public charging infrastructure on the adoption of electric two-wheelers (E2Ws) in Kerala, India. The study is based on a mixed-methods approach and combines qualitative data from interviews with small-scale E2W manufacturers with quantitative data obtained from surveys among E2W consumers. The research investigates the effects of infrastructure issues - low availability, unstandardization, and technical unreliability- on supply-side (manufacturer) decisions and demand-side (customer) behavior. Thematic analysis is employed to elicit significant issues challenged by manufacturers and comparative analysis to contrast with those of users. Evidence suggests manufacturers’ and consumers' needs and infrastructure capacity are aligned, highlighting the importance of standardised, accessible, and reliable charging infrastructure in facilitating E2W adoption in emerging economies like Kerala

Patients’ experiences of living with leukemia : A general literature study

Bakgrund: Leukemi är en blodsjukdom som påverkar den röda benmärgen. Sjukdomen ger upphov till flera varierande symtom men de allra flesta patienterna är asymtomatiska och sjukdomen upptäcks i samband med rutinmässiga blodprover. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa patienters erfarenheter av att leva med leukemi. Metod: Litteraturstudien genomfördes med en induktiv ansats och baserades på nio resultatartiklar, åtta kvalitativa artiklar och en kvantitativ artikel. Resultat: Resultatet utformade fyra kategorier som belyste patienters erfarenheter av att leva med leukemi: (1) Emotionella reaktioner efter diagnosbesked, (2) Brådskande behandling, (3) Att finna sig till rätta i den nya tillvaron, och (4) Behov av socialt stöd. Konklusion: Variation i skildringar av att leva med leukemi förekommer bland patienterna. Centrala erfarenheter var en känsla av förlorad kontroll, försämrad autonomi, en otillräcklig hälsolitteracitet och ett behov av socialt stöd. Studien ger ökad kunskap om patienters erfarenheter av att leva med leukemi samt behov, vilket kan underlätta sjuksköterskans personcentrerande vårdande. Background: Leukemia is a blood disease that affects the red bone marrow. The disease can cause varying symptoms, but the vast majority of patients are asymptomatic and the disease is discovered during routine blood tests, Aim: The aim of this study was to describe patients experiences of living with leukemia. Method: The literature study was conducted with an inductive approach and was based on nine articles, eight qualitative articles and one quantitative article. Result: The result formulated four categories that highlighted patients ‘experiences of living with leukemia: (1) Emotional reactions after diagnosis, (2) Urgent treatment, (3) Settling into a new life, and (4) Need for social support. Conclusion: Variations in experiences of living with leukemia occur among patients. Central experiences were a sense of loss of control, impaired autonomy, insufficient health literacy and a need for social support. This study provides increased knowledge about patients’ experiences of living with leukemia and their needs, which can facilitate the nurse’s person-centered care

Feasibility Study of Solar Energy in Kerala, India

This Master’s Thesis work is part of the Energy Smart Innovation in the Built Environmentprogram at Halmstad University, Sweden. It investigates the solar energy potential, currentscenarios and barriers in adoption in Kerala, India. It also investigates efficient solar paneltechnology for this region with the help of simulation setup and interview with experts. Solarphotovoltaic (PV) systems are now a key component in the adoption of renewable energy dueto an increasing demand for sustainable energy solutions globally. Using the simulation toolPolysun software, this thesis concentrates on a thorough investigation and analysis of solarpanel systems. The research aims to evaluate the performance, efficiency, and economicfeasibility of solar PV systems across various climatic and operational conditions.The background study contains an in-depth investigation of photovoltaic technology, solarenergy principles, and how these are integrated into energy systems. Real-world knowledgeregarding installation procedures, energy yields, and user experiences is collected throughinterviews. Detailed Polysun simulations add to these insights by enabling scenario-basedevaluations that take into consideration variables like load profiles, weather conditions andirradiance.The results were analyzed, and it was concluded that solar technology is very effective inKerala, India. The technological applications of panels are developed and have reached thelatest applications, such as Bifacial technology with PERC and Top Con Panels. The study wasdone with different methods. Theoretical analysis, interviews conducted with regionalinstallers and simulation using the software. The overall results from all these studies reinforcethe comparison and practical experiences of different installers. Solar energy has greatpreconditions and has a big part in Indian development, towards higher living standards andreduced use of fossil fuels.

Vem sitter i styrelsen - och spelar det roll? : En kvantitativ studie om styrelsens sammansättning och ESG-score

I en tid med ökade krav på hållbart och ansvarsfullt företagande har ESG blivit en avgörande faktor för företags framgång och legitimitet. Styrelsen spelar en central roll i detta sammanhang genom sitt ansvar för bolagets övergripande styrning och strategiska inriktning, vilket har direkt påverkan på företags hållbarhetsarbete. Med utgångspunkt i Upper Echelon Theory, Resource Dependence Theory, Critical Mass Theory och Intressentteorin, undersöker denna studie sambandet mellan ESG-score och styrelsesammansättning i svenska börsnoterade aktiebolag. Studien strävar efter att öka förståelsen för vad som driver företags hållbarhetsarbete och vilken betydelse specifika egenskaper i styrelsen har på företags ESG-score. Studien analyserade 136 företag under åren 2019–2023 med hjälp av Ordinary Least Squares-regressioner. Studien identifierade ett positivt signifikant samband mellan andel kvinnor i styrelsen och ESG-score, dock kunde någon tröskeleffekt inte påvisas. Vidare fann studien ett positivt samband mellan hållbarhetskommitté och ESG-score. Resultaten indikerade vidare att högre styrelseålder hade en positiv effekt på ESG-score. Sammantaget tyder resultaten på att styrelsens sammansättning har en betydelse för företags hållbarhetsprestation, men det är snarare en kombination av olika egenskaper än enskilda faktorer som påverkar företagets hållbarhetsarbete. In an era of increasing demands for sustainable and responsible business conduct, ESG has become a crucial factor for corporate success and legitimacy. The board of directors plays a central role in this context, as it is responsible for the company’s overall governance and strategic direction, which directly influences corporate sustainability efforts. Drawing upon Upper Echelon Theory, Resource Dependence Theory, Critical Mass Theory and Stakeholder Theory, this study investigates the relationship between ESG-score and board composition in Swedish publicly listed companies. The purpose of this research is to increase understanding of what drives companies’ corporate sustainability performance and the significance of specific board characteristics on ESG- scores. The analysis was conducted on 136 companies over the period 2019-2023 using Ordinary Least Squares regressions. We find a positive and significant relationship between the proportion of women on the board and ESG-score; however, no threshold effect could be observed. Furthermore, a positive relationship was found between the presence of a sustainability committee and ESG-score. The results also indicated that a higher board age had a positive effect on ESG-scores. Overall, the results suggest that board composition is important for corporate sustainability performance, although it is more likely to be the combination of various characteristics rather that individual factors that influences a company’s sustainability efforts.

From abuse to protection : Staff perspectives on children living in a domestic abuse refuge

Den här studien handlar om personal som arbetar med barn som vistas på skyddat boende efter våld i nära relation. Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilka utmaningar personalen står inför i sitt arbete med dessa barn, med särskilt fokus på två frågeställningar som rör personalens utmaningar i relation till skola och relationer. Studien utförs med en kvalitativ metod genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med åtta respondenter. Resultatet visar att personalen observerar att barn som flyttat till skyddade boenden möts av utmaningar i sin skolgång och i deras relationer. De skyddade boendena har olika metoder och insatser för att stötta barn i dessa utmaningar. Några gemensamma insatser är stödjande samtal och praktiskt stöd för barnens skolgång. Hur dessa stödinsatser genomförs skiljer sig mellan verksamheter. Vistelse på skyddat boende innebär också begränsningar för barn för att upprätthålla skyddet. Dessa begränsningar innefattar restriktioner gällande kontakt med personer utanför boendet och ansvar i att inte avslöja familjens historik. Upprätthållande av skydd är alltid prioritet och att kombinera skyddsåtgärder, men samtidigt stötta barnen i komplexa situationer beskrivs som en utmaning av respondenterna.The aim of this study is to examine the challenges observed by social workers in supporting children living in domestic abuse refuges. A qualitative research approach was employed, using semi-structured interviews with eight participants. The findings indicate that children face multiple challenges, particularly regarding access to education and the loss of relationships. The type of support varies across accommodations, with common interventions including supportive counseling and practical support, such as contacting schools and explaining the children’s living situation to ensure their safety. The social workers also highlight the emotional impact on children living in domestic abuse refuges, which include children’s grief of the separation of the abusive parent and the loss of friends and family that they can no longer be in contact with. The results also highlight the challenges faced by social workers at domestic abuse refuges. These include the need for effective communication with other professionals involved with the children, issues such as court mandated visit with an abusive parent, and concern about families returning to the abuser. The participants describe these situations as particularly difficult to manage

Naturbaserade lösningars roll i Halmstad kommuns klimatanpassningsarbete : Med fokus på vattenhantering

The global average temperature continues to rise and the negative effects of climate change that we see today are expected to increase in the future. To combat this development worldwide and provide scientific evaluation of the risks, the UN have adopted the Paris Agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In Sweden the climate change effects are mainly expected to lead to an increase in both frequency and intensity of precipitation, making the risk of floods even greater. An increasingly established type of measure to strengthen societies resilience against the consequences of climate change are Nature-based Solutions (NBS). These solutions are inspired and supported by nature and therefore provide multifunctional and cost-effective ways of addressing societal challenges by supporting well-functioning ecosystems. Halmstad is already prone to flooding events and an important part of the sustainable development in the municipality is therefore focused on climate change adaptation. Since nature-based solutions are only included to a limited extent in their strategic plan, this study investigates how NBS can play a larger role as measures for climate change adaptation in Halmstad. Through semi-structured interviews with employees working with NBS in several municipalities (including Halmstad) the study highlights major factors and challenges in the application of nature-based solutions. The results suggest the main challenges for implementing NBS to be the lack of ownership of strategic land, finding the sufficient space, the potentially increased management costs as well as having the adequate knowledge to successfully construct the measures. The study shows that the work with NBS varies among the interviewed municipalities but common to all respondents is a great willingness to work with these types of solutions. Important prerequisites for incorporating NBS in Halmstad municipality’s future climate change adaptation is identified as dialogue with landowners for strategic placement of constructed wetlands and early integration in planning for new construction, to ensure the necessary space for solutions such as green roofs and rain gardens.