The Use of Escherichia Coli for Recombinant Human Insulin Production

Insulin is the essential hormone produced by the pancreas. which is accountable for sanctioning glucose we acquire from our food sources to be deposited in our body cells. Without insulin, our bodies cannot control blood sugar levels, so insulin is a vital hormone for survival. A diabetic person either does not produce insulin or is resilient to it for a multiple reasons. Because of this, they need insulin injections to process glucose. It has become stress-free for patients around the world to acquire insulin with the production of recombinant human insulin produced by Escherichia coli. This short review will provide an overview of the steps engaged in constructing recombinant human insulin utilizing the K12 strain of E coli along with the prominence of recombinant insulin and why E coli is most commonly used for insulin production

UNSCREWING THE DHT-BLOCKING PROPERTIES OF Allium cepa EXTRACT: VIRTUAL SCREENING OF ACTIVE COMPOUNDS AGAINST 5-ALPHA REDUCTASE AND EVALUATION OF ADME/T PROPERTIES OF COMPOUNDS

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) occurs in genetically prone men and women and is defined by a pattern-related, non-scarring shrinkage of the hair follicle. It is estimated that up to 80% of men and 50% of women will be affected by AGA at some stage in their lives. The underlying pathophysiology may be traced back to the enzyme 5-alpha-reductase, which is responsible for conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a more powerful androgen, and its accumulation in hair follicles leads to hair loss. The therapeutic approach for treating AGA mainly relies on the inhibition of 5-alpha-reductase. Allium cepa  (onion) extract is in trend as a natural remedy for the treatment of AGA. The study aims at In silico and ADME/T analysis of active compounds present in onion extract against 5-alpha-reductase to evaluate and visualize protein-ligand interaction.&nbsp

Botanical description, phytochemistry, traditional uses, and pharmacology of Anthocephalus Cadamba: An updated review

Background: Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Miq. is an important medicinal plant of the Rubiaceae family. It is widespread in the tropical and subtropical regions of India and the world. It became popular for the use of folklore in a variety of illnesses, including diabetes Mellitus, diarrhea, fever, inflammation, hemophilia, cough, vomiting, wounds, ulcer, and debility, and also useful for snake bite.  Results:  The current review focuses on plant descriptions and ethnographic and traditional uses of Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Miq. along with the reported pharmacological activity. The main chemical composition and pharmacological aspects of Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Miq. has been thoroughly studied to reveal the unexplored ethnomedicinal uses of this plant, and researchers working on this plant may be able to gain new facts to continue further research on plants. Pharmacological aspects like Analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory, Antidiabetic, Antidiarrhoeal, Diuretic and laxative, Anti-hepatotoxic, Hypolipidemic, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and wound healing, Anthelmintic potentials are evaluated by different in vitro/in vivo methods on this plant have been reported. Conclusion: Various conventional uses have been reported that require profound scientific investigation. several pharmacological activities have been reported for the Anthocephalus cadamba. The present review intends to deliver a concise account of its ethnobotanical uses, and phytochemistry with an in-depth study of its phytoconstituents, facts, and prospects of the potential pharmacological activities of this golden plant. An extensive literature survey was undertaken through different online platforms viz. Google Scholar and online databases namely PubMed, Science Direct, and Springer. All papers based on traditional medicinal uses and pharmacological properties were included

The Expression of P63 Marker in Malignant and Benign Breast Tumors

This is retrospective study conducted on Sudanese patient in the period from January 2021 to May 2021 at radiation and isotope center Khartoum.  In this study we aimed to determine the expression of P63 marker in malignant and benign breast tumor.  One hundred paraffin embedded blocks previously diagnosed as breast tumors were collected.  The study including 65 (65%) samples of them were malignant and 35 (35%) samples of them were benign.  All these samples were Immunohistochemically stained by using monoclonal antibodies (by indirect streptavidin-biotin technique) for p63. All immune stained slides were scored as either positive or negative.  Data collected from patient file and result were analyzed using social science statistic web SPSS computer program

A SOLE THROMBOPROPHYLACTIC IN PRESCRIPTION OF POSTOPERATIVE ORTHOPEDIC PATIENTS – A REVIEW

Background: Venous thromboembolism(VTE) is one of the most well-known and feared sequelae of orthopaedic surgery. VTE is relatively common after arthroplasty, prophylaxis has been prescribed. The frequency of postoperative thromboembolic events increased in the absence of primary prevention. Following operations, immobilisation of a lower limb that restricts calf muscle contraction has been shown to be a key risk factor for VTE. VTE is the most frequent source of readmission in orthopaedic patients who have undergone major procedures. It should be emphasized that the best mechanical method for preventing VTE is early walking. Medication for VTE prophylaxis is prescribed more often than mechanical prophylaxis. After major orthopaedic surgery, anticoagulant treatment is essential for reducing morbidity and death. Following hospital discharge, prophylactic drug therapy aims to reduce the morbidity and mortality episodes associated with DVT and PE occurrences. Aspirin use for prevention of VTE following THA and TKA has gained popularity, especially among orthopaedic surgeons due to a minimal risk of postoperative haemorrhage, it also reduces the incidence of recurrent DVTs. Conclusion: Due to its low cost and easy administration without the requirement for regular blood testing, aspirin thromboprophylaxis following knee surgery appears promising. Aspirin saved more QALYs and was cost-effective. Aspirin was demonstrated to have a higher VTE prophylaxis profile than other medications with a time-related association to early mobilisation, healthier patients and medication compliance

In Silico Investigation of Phytochemicals against Typhoid: A Review

Typhoid fever is a serious bacterial infection caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, and is a major public health issue in developing countries. The emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of S. Typhi has raised concerns about the effectiveness of existing treatments and has prompted the exploration of alternative therapies. Phytochemicals, which are bioactive compounds found in plants, have been investigated as potential sources of new antibacterial agents against typhoid. In this review, we conducted an in silico investigation of phytochemicals and their potential activity against S. Typhi. Our review examined current literature on phytochemicals and their antibacterial activity against S. Typhi. Using molecular docking studies, we investigated the potential binding of these phytochemicals to the target protein, DNA gyrase, which is an important drug target in S. Typhi. Our results indicate that several phytochemicals exhibit promising binding affinities to DNA gyrase, suggesting their potential as effective antibacterial agents against typhoid. Overall, our findings highlight the potential of phytochemicals as a source of new therapeutics for typhoid fever, particularly in regions where multidrug-resistant strains of S. Typhi are prevalent. The in silico approach used in this review provides a valuable tool for screening and identifying potential candidates for further investigation. Further studies are needed to validate the results of in silico studies and to explore the potential of phytochemicals as antibacterial agents against typhoid

A VESICULAR DRUG DELIVERY FOR FUTURISTIC DRUG DELIVERY APPLICATIONS: UFASOMES

In vesicular drug delivery devices, aqueous cubicles are covered by one or more concentric bilayers comprised of amphiphilic molecules. Due to their ability to localise drug exercise to the website online or organ of action, they are an incredible distribution strategy for focused medicine transport. The vesicular drug delivery method keeps the drug motion moving at a steady pace. The body's opioid frequency is thereafter maintained while the negative side effects are diminished. Vesicles made of unsaturated fatty acids are known as ufasomes. They are closed lipid bilayer suspensions of fatty acids and their ionised species that have their pH regulated. Fatty acid vesicles are regularly produced by the lipid movie hydration system. Oleic acid is the fatty acid that produces ufasomes most frequently. Unsaturated fatty acid vesicles are suspensions of fatty acid-based closed lipid bilayers, with the pH range in which their ionised species can exist being between 7 and 9. Recent developments might make it possible to create ufasomes with customizable properties such a wider pH range, resistance to divalent cations, and greater stability

Floating Drug Delivery System: A New Approach

Floating drug delivery system (FDDS) helps to improve the buoyancy property of the drug over the gastric fluids andhence maintain the longer duration of action. The aim of the present study is on floating drug delivery systems (FDDS)was to compile the recent literature with particular focus on the main floating mechanism to achieve gastric retention.Floating multi-particulate are gastro-retentive drug delivery systems which are based on non-effervescent and effervescentapproach. This type of drug delivery method would have comparatively less side effect and would eliminate the needfor repeated dosages

In-vitro anti hyperglycemic evaluation of hydroalcoholic extract of Delonix regia bark

Anti-hyperglycemic agents is a substance that helps a person with diabetes controls their level of glucose (sugar) in the blood. It includes insulin and the oral anti hyperglycemic agents. Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by increased levels of blood glucose leading to other major complications. Thus there prevails a necessity for obtaining these anti hyperglycemic agents through easily available flora. Delonix regia, is a tree cultivated across the world, has also been used as traditional medicine in various disorders. Aim of the project work was to evaluate the anti hyperglycemic activity in the hydroalcoholic extract of Delonix regia bark for the treatment of hyperglycemia. The collected bark was dried, powdered and extracted through cold maceration method. The extract was further concentrated to obtain a gummy mass of the hydroalcoholic extract. The extract was subjected to phytochemical analysis through conventional chemical tests and GC-MS. After the identification of the phytoconstituents, they were studied for their clinically proven properties. In vitro anti hyperglycemic studies were carried out through assays like alpha-amylase inhibition assay and alpha-glucosidase inhibition assay. The results of the extract were compared with results of standard acarbose. The IC50 values of standard in alpha-amylase inhibition assay and α-glucosidase inhibition assay was 98.77µg/ml and 84.33µg/ml respectively. The IC50 values of hydroalcoholic extract of Delonix regia bark in alpha-amylase inhibition assay and alpha-glucosidase inhibition assay was 167µg/ml and 116.31µg/ml respectively. From the study, hydroalcoholic extract of bark of Delonix regia exhibit antihyperglycemic activity compared to standard acarbose

Comparison of Microleakage in Teeth Obturated with Bioceramic vs. Resin- Based Sealers

Microleakage is still an essential parameter that predetermines the final outcomes of the root canal treatment since it allowsthe intrusion of bacteria and undermines obturation integrity. Sealers made of resin are considered to be one of the goldstandards based on their adhesive qualities and clinical history; nevertheless, the issue of polymerization contraction andinterfacial crevices remains. On the contrary, bioceramic sealers have already become bioactive substitutes with desirableproperties, such as dimensional stability, formation of hydroxyapatite, and possible chemical bonding to dentin. Thisreview makes a comparison between microleakage of teeth obturated by resin-based and bioceramic sealers based onevidence of in vitro leakage models, ex vivo investigations, and existing clinical assessment. Results of the majority oflaboratory studies show that bioceramic sealers have less microleakage than resin-based sealers, however the outcomesare inconsistent with the different methodology used. Although promising, clinical evidence is limited and calls on theneed to conduct long-term randomized controlled trials. All in all, bioceramic sealers have greater sealing potential butmore standardized studies are needed to confirm their effectiveness in the long-term in clinical practice