La finance à impact. Éclairage sur les pratiques d’une société française de gestion d’actifs solidaires

International audienceThis article provides a comparative analysis of a "90-10" solidarity-based fund (fund "A"), which primarily seeks financial performance, and a specialised solidarity-based fund (fund "B"), which focuses on creating positive impacts without financial performance. Fund "A" is distinguished by its use of impact benchmarks and extra-financial pre-selection. The "B" fund mixes financial and extra-financial criteria, and although it is demanding in terms of impact creation, it is simpler in terms of impact reporting. Finally, these funds combine the concepts of impact and solidarity in a hybrid way: communication on the one hand, and financing and selection practices on the other.Cet article propose une analyse comparative d’un fonds solidaire “90-10” recherchant principalement la performance financière (fonds “A”) et d’un fonds solidaire spécialisé (fonds “B”), privilégiant la création d’impacts positifs sans performance financière. Le fonds “A” se distingue par une utilisation de référentiels d’impacts, et par une présélection extra-financière. Le fonds “B” mélange financier et extra-financier, et bien qu’exigeant sur la création d’impact, il restitue plus simplement celui-ci. Enfin, ces fonds combinent les notions d’impact et de solidarité de manière hybride : communication d’une part, pratiques de financement et de sélection d’autre part

The Autobiographical Error: From Mistake to Trace of the SelfToward an Identity-Based Reading of Linguistic Errors in Migration Contexts: The Autobiographical Error: From Mistake to Trace of the SelfToward an Identity-Based Reading of Linguistic Errors in Migration Contexts

International audienceZusammenfassung Dieser Beitrag entwickelt das Konzept des autobiografischen Fehlers im Zweitspracherwerb von migrierten Jugendlichen, insbesondere beim Erlernen der deutschen Sprache. Aufbauend auf den Erkenntnissen von S. Pit Corder werden wiederkehrende Fehler nicht mehr nur als grammatikalische Abweichungen, sondern als subjektive Spuren verstanden – Ausdruck von inneren Spannungen oder biografischen Brüchen. Im Rahmen einer narrativen und situierten Didaktik, die kreative Hefte, autobiografische Filme und gemeinsames Schreiben kombiniert, werden Fehler zu einem Zugang zur Selbstnarration. Diese Perspektive eröffnet eine Pädagogik der Anerkennung, in der Sprache als Ort der Identitätsentwicklung fungiert.This paper introduces the concept of autobiographical error in the language acquisition of migrant adolescents learning German. Building on S. Pit Corder’s foundational work, the author reinterprets certain recurrent errors not merely as linguistic deviations but as identity-related markers, often reflecting inner conflict or biographical rupture. Through a pedagogical framework combining creative writing notebooks, autobiographical film, and collaborative storytelling, the learner’s errors become a narrative gateway to self-expression. This narrative and situated approach lays the groundwork for a pedagogy of recognition, where language learning becomes a space for subjective reconstruction.Ce texte explore la notion d’erreur autobiographique chez des adolescents migrants en apprentissage de la langue allemande. En prolongeant les travaux de S. Pit Corder, l’étude considère certaines erreurs non plus comme de simples écarts grammaticaux, mais comme des traces identitaires, révélatrices de tensions affectives ou biographiques. À travers un accompagnement individualisé mêlant cahiers créatifs, film autobiographique et coécriture pédagogique, l’erreur devient un point d’entrée dans le récit de soi. Cette approche narrative et situated propose ainsi une pédagogie de la reconnaissance, dans laquelle la langue devient un lieu de recomposition subjective

Traiter des manuscrits endommagés par le feu grâce à l’augmentation de données par intelligence artificielle: le cas du ms. L.II.14 de Turin (T)

International audienceAutomatic recognition of handwritten text is a fundamental step in digital humanities for creating corpora and analyzing texts. Typically, for documents with regular scripts and standard layouts, high recognition accuracy above 95% is achievable. However, these success rates drastically decline when dealing with damaged documents, often resulting in significant content loss or making portions of the page difficult to decipher. Paleographers and philologists can often infer potential readings based on their expertise and knowledge of textual traditions. Nonetheless, with automatic document recognition, information loss severely impacts both the detection of content and readability. This study focuses on analyzing the layout of a burned document, specifically the manuscript L.II.14 from Turin. Experimental results using generative neural networks demonstrate demonstrate a 69-percentage point improvement in identifying content areas compared to traditional handwritten text recognition (HTR) models. This enhanced pipeline not only advances computational processing of damaged historical documents but also opens new avenues for document reconstruction.</div

Some topics in random walks

International audienceWe collect a few recent results on random walks, which are ubiquitous in probability theory. The topics covered are: persistence problems for stochastic processes, large fluctuations in multi-scale modeling for rest hematopoiesis, and fine properties of the elephant random walk

Mechanical properties of ZrCuAlx thin film metallic glasses and nanolaminates: experiments and first principle calculations

International audienceThe synthesis of advanced thin film metallic glasses (TFMGs) with tailored composition and engineered microstructures capable to provide a large combination of mutually exclusive mechanical properties (i.e. high strength and ductility) mitigating the shear band (SB) instability, is an open research topic. Here, I will present recent results involving two (2) strategies to finely to improve the mechanical behaviour of TFMGs including (i) the addition of intrinsically ductile elements (Al) and the (ii) development of fully amorphous nanolaminated structures.Firstly, I will provide a holistic picture about the relationship between atomic structure, mechanical properties, and thermal stability of ZrCuAlx TFMGs varying the Al content from 0 to 12 at.%, carrying out a broad characterization involving experiments and ab initio molecular dynamic simulations (AIMD). I will show that the addition of Al resulted in a change of average interatomic distances by ∼10 pm with the formation of shorter bonds (Al-Zr and Al-Cu), influencing the mechanical response (shear/elastic moduli and hardness) which increases by ∼15% for 12 at.% Al. Moreover, tensile tests on polymer substrate revealed a maximum value for the crack initiation strain of 2.1% for ZrCuAl9, while the strain-to-failure rapidly decreases at higher Al contents. The observed reduction in damage tolerance is correlated to a transition in atomic configuration. Specifically, a maximum in density of full and defective icosahedral cluster population is observed at 9 at.% Al, inducing a more shear-resistant behavior to the material [1].Then, I will discuss the fabrication of ZrCu/ZrCuAl9 nanolaminates with different nanoscale bilayer period (Λ, from 200 down to 50 nm). I will show the combined effect of local chemistry variation and nanointerface density influences the propagation of SBs with enhanced plastic deformation (&gt; 10 %) is observed for Λ = 100 and 200 nm during micropillar compression, but accompanied by a reduction of the yield strength. In contrast, for Λ = 50 nm, deformation is dominated by catastrophic SB events, while the yield strength returns to that of the monolithic films of ∼2–2.5 GPa [2].Overall, I will provide guidelines to the design of compositional and microstructural-tailored TFMGs with tuned mechanical properties with potential for applications.REFERENCES[1] C. Poltronieri … M. Ghidelli, Acta Mater., 258, 119226, (2023).[2] C. Poltronieri,… M. Ghidelli, Scripta Mater., 259, 116571, (2025)

Nanocolumnar ZrCu thin film metallic glass with tailored mechanical and electrical properties

International audienceThin-film metallic glasses (TFMGs) are promising materials for flexible electronics due to their large deformability and metallic-like electrical conductivity. Here, we synthesize homogeneous and nanocolumnar ZrCu TFMGs with tailored column size ranging from 16 up to 60 nm, investigating the relationship among atomic structure, electrical and mechanical properties focusing on their potential applications in flexible electronics. Tracer diffusion experiments indicate an absence of macroscopic cracks and enhanced diffusion coefficient for nanocolumnar TFMGs, up to one order of magnitude higher than in homogeneous counterpart, due to the presence of intercolumnar interfaces. We show that electrical resistivity increases with decreasing column size (from 570.0 ± 11.6 down to 285.9 ± 12.6 µΩ × cm) due to the enhanced electron scattering events at intercolumnar interfaces. Tensile tests on polymeric substrates reveal that the crack onset strain increases from 0.8 ± 0.05 up to 1.6 ± 0.05 % for large diameter nanocolumns due to the lower density of intercolumnar interfaces and presence of strong Cu-Cu bonds. Overall, we show how nanoengineering design concepts can be applied to TFMGs to tune their mechanical and electrical performance by controlling the nanocolumnar growth, paving the way for their potential applications in flexible electronics

Tailoring Structure and Mechanical Properties of TiZrHfTa Refractory Alloy Thin Films

International audienc

The limits of decolonizing an international humanitarian organization. "Decoloniality" as a new guiding principle?

International audienceBy 2025, the share of international staff from the Global South (and in particular Africa) within the humanitarian organization Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) has reached nearly 50%. By changing the relationship to time, authority, abuse, management or gender, this "southernization" of staff generates tensions and internal criticism. Based on participant observation and semi-structured interviews, we question the possibility of a decolonization of aid by assessing the extent to which these new members can depart from relations of domination and/or propose their own ways of thinking and acting. As a conclusion, we suggest decoloniality as a new guiding humanitarian principle

Etude de l’alimentation totale française 3 (EAT3) - Rapport méthode

Citation suggérée : Anses. (2025). Etude de l’alimentation totale française 3 (EAT3) - Rapport méthode. (saisine2019-SA-0010). Maisons-Alfort : Anses, 90 p

2D boron nitride synthesis via electromagnetic induction heating: Experiments and thermochemical modeling

We present a novel approach for synthesizing few-layered two-dimensional boron nitride (FL-BN) using low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD). In our approach, a radio frequency (RF) magnetic field was generated to inductively heat copper foils. The process involved placing the copper foil on a tungsten substrate and applying inductive heating until the copper melted within about two minutes. Subsequently, boron-nitrogen precursors were generated via the decomposition of ammonia borane at approximately 80°C, and these species were then transported by an argon/hydrogen flow to the liquid Cu, promoting the nucleation and growth of h-BN. Thermochemical calculations performed by using ChemkinPro software indicated the prevalence of B-N-H species within the temperature range of 20°C to 1100°C, surpassing the melting point of copper. The resulting h-BN layers exhibited exceptional structural integrity, as confirmed by Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. Furthermore, room-temperature cathodoluminescence (CL) measurements revealed a prominent excitonic peak at the photon energy position 5.77 eV (215 nm), which is a consequence of the deep UV optical gap of the h-BN crystal. Thus, the inductive heating process demonstrates significant potential for large-scale and rapid manufacturing of h-BN, offering enhanced energy efficiency. Additionally, we introduce a new conceptual design enabling precise control of the synthesis parameters, thus facilitating scalable production of high-quality h-BN films