Demopædia - Multilingual Demographic Dictionary Unified Volumes

International audienceThe aim of this contribution is to present the terminological issues that have accompanied the process of translation and harmonization of the Chinese edition of the Multilingual Demographic Dictionary (MDD) published since the 1950's. After presenting a brief history of the MDD, the authors describe the computerization process and harmonization of dictionaries. In particular, the first Chinese edition was published in the journal "Population Translation Series" 3, 1982 (but it is untraceable until now). The second edition, published in book form in 1992, was also a "translation" of the English volume and the Chinese key terms (those that need to be translated into other languages) were added in parentheses to the English term or expression. In 2008, the Chinese volume was first set up from the 1992 Chinese second edition. Feinuo Sun (University of Texas at Arlington) produced a draft of the volume in unified Chinese during her stay at INED in early 2024. The written Chinese language has changed a lot since the 1950s, so even the traditional indexing method has been abandoned in favor of the Pinyin alphabetical order

Testing three theoretical frameworks to account for the stressing of Arabic loanwords in British and American English

International audienceThis study shows that the stress characteristics of Arabic loanwords are identical in pronunciation dictionaries in British English and American English with a majority of words with penultimate stress, yet a significant number of words with final stress, especially in disyllabic loanwords. This very low stress variation rate implies that the theoretical parameters accounting for the stress patterns of Arabic loanwords are identical for both varieties. The principles of three competing theoretical frameworks are presented and tested to determine which of these three models best accounts for the stress specificities of Arabic loanwords. It appears that the first two models (that is, the Guierrian School and the hypothesis of a default stress pattern on the penultimate syllable) only partially justify the location of primary stress (about 65% of cases). On the contrary, the use of the stress preservation principle based on the parameters developed in the Loan Phonology framework (cf. final section) shows that the phonological properties of Arabic have a decisive influence on the pronunciation of Arabic loanwords in English. The stress match rate between Arabic and English exceeds 90%. This model therefore better accounts for the stressing of such items in English.Cette étude démontre que les caractéristiques accentuelles des emprunts arabes sont identiques en anglais britannique et en anglais américain dans les dictionnaires de prononciation, avec une proportion importante d’accentuation pénultième et un taux non négligeable d’accentuation finale, notamment dans les emprunts dissyllabiques. Ce faible taux de variation accentuelle implique que les paramètres théoriques permettant de justifier la position de l’accent primaire dans les emprunts arabes sont identiques pour les deux variétés. Les principes de trois positions théoriques concurrentes sont présentés et testés afin de déterminer lequel parmi ces trois modèles permet de mieux rendre compte des spécificités accentuelles des emprunts arabes. Le recours dans un premier temps aux principes théoriques de l’école de Guierre et, dans un deuxième temps, à l’hypothèse d’un accent pénultième préférentiel appliqué par défaut sur les mots d’origine étrangère, ne permet que partiellement de rendre compte de l’accentuation des emprunts arabes (pour environ 65 % des cas). En revanche, le recours au principe de la préservation accentuelle de la langue d’origine, concept développé au sein du cadre de la Loan Phonology et qui constitue le troisième modèle étudié, démontre que les propriétés phonologiques de l’arabe ont une influence déterminante sur la prononciation des emprunts correspondants en anglais. Le taux de correspondance accentuelle entre les deux langues est en effet supérieur à 90 %. Cette étude prouve ainsi que le modèle de la préservation de l’accentuation de la langue source est plus adapté à rendre compte de l’accentuation des mots d’origine arabe en anglais

Duration of Intrauterine Balloon Tamponade in Post‐Partum Haemorrhage Management After Vaginal Delivery: A Secondary Cohort Analysis From the French TUB Trial

International audienceObjectiveTo compare the rates of bleeding recurrence and other post‐partum haemorrhage (PPH)‐related clinical outcomes in women with PPH initially controlled by intrauterine balloon tamponade (IUBT) according to its duration. Design Exploratory cohort study from a randomised trial. Setting Eighteen hospitals in France. Population All women included in the randomised trial and managed with IUBT. Those whose balloon was removed within the first 2 h of placement because of spontaneous expulsion and those who underwent invasive procedures before the planned IUBT removal were excluded. Methods The first quartile of the distribution of the IUBT duration was 6.9 h, and we divided the population into two groups according to the duration: ≤ 7 h vs.> 7 h. To control for confounding factors, we used a propensity score adjustment approach. Main Outcome Measures Need for an invasive procedure, rate of recurrence of bleeding after removal of the IUBT, and mean quantified peri‐partum blood loss. ResultsTotally, 199 women were included. No invasive procedures were performed, and there was no recurrence of bleeding in either group. There were no significant differences in mean (±SD) quantified total blood loss (1126 ± 383 mL vs. 1240 ± 505 mL, p = 0.1) or the need for transfusion (9 [18%] vs. 40 [27%], p = 0.2) between groups, even after adjustment. ConclusionsA shorter IUBT duration (7 h) is not associated with unfavourable PPH outcomes and may therefore be a reasonable option if ongoing haemorrhage has abated. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution due to the imbalance in clinical indication between groups

Feeling the Heat: A Thermodynamic Perspective on Emotions, Motivation, and Time Perception

International audienceWe are introducing a novel thermodynamic model of emotion. In this model, emotions are regarded as deviations from equilibrium, akin to fluctuations in body temperature. This bipolar regulation maintains bodily and psychological homeostasis while spurring mental development. Emotional regulation typically occurs through expanding one's perception of time. Positive, low-information content emotions can reduce action drive, but stressful, information-rich conditions can heighten it. Therefore, time perception can potentiate the capacity of emotions to motivate. However, time perception accelerates to facilitate fluid action performance, with the state of flow representing a unique state of contentment and challenge. By anchoring psychological processes to the principles of energy and entropy, our model offers a comprehensive bipolar foundation for understanding motivation and behavior. Beyond its theoretical implications, this model also lays the groundwork for addressing mental health conditions resulting from the dysregulation of emotions. It can inspire potential interventions to harness the mind-body connections elucidated by our thermodynamic perspective.</div

Evaluating the Efficacy of Instance Incremental vs. Batch Learning in Delayed Label Environments: An Empirical Study on Tabular Data Streaming for Fraud Detection

International audienceReal-world tabular learning production scenarios typically involve evolving data streams, where data arrives continuously and its distribution may change over time. In such a setting, most studies in the literature regarding supervised learning favor the use of instance incremental algorithms due to their ability to adapt to changes in the data distribution. Another significant reason for choosing these algorithms is \textit{avoid storing observations in memory} as commonly done in batch incremental settings. However, the design of instance incremental algorithms often assumes immediate availability of labels, which is an optimistic assumption. In many real-world scenarios, such as fraud detection or credit scoring, labels may be delayed. Consequently, batch incremental algorithms are widely used in many real-world tasks. This raises an important question: &#34;In delayed settings, is instance incremental learning the best option regarding predictive performance and computational efficiency?&#34; Unfortunately, this question has not been studied in depth, probably due to the scarcity of real datasets containing delayed information. In this study, we conduct a comprehensive empirical evaluation and analysis of this question using a real-world fraud detection problem and commonly used generated datasets. Our findings indicate that instance incremental learning is not the superior option, considering on one side state-of-the-art models such as Adaptive Random Forest (ARF) and other side batch learning models such as XGBoost. Additionally, when considering the interpretability of the learning systems, batch incremental solutions tend to be favored. Code: \url{https://github.com/anselmeamekoe/DelayedLabelStream

Enhancing physical activity assessment in a French large cohort: Feasibility and acceptability of using wearable accelerometers

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Standing-sphere blowup solutions for the nonlinear heat equation

International audienceIn this paper, we construct a singular standing ring solution of the nonlinear heat in the radial case. We give rigorous proof for the existence of a ring blow-up solution in finite time. This result was predicted formally by Baruch, Fibich and Gavish [BFG10]. We also prove the stability of these dynamics among radially symmetric solutions

Apprendre à faire des vidéos avec son téléphone : de la créativité aux compétences professionnelles

International audienceLa production et le partage de vidéos numériques occupent aujourd’hui une place croissante dans la vie sociale et démocratique, qu’il s’agisse de réalisation, d’édition, de montage ou de partage grâce aux plateformes dédiées. Nous proposons d’éclairer les modes d’appropriation des compétences nécessaires à ces pratiques, à partir d'une série d’entretiens menés avec des étudiants de Licence en sciences humaines et sociales. On verra que la production et le partage de vidéos par ces jeunes adultes semblent répondre à trois objectifs : la mémoire partagée, l’expression d’une créativité et le développement de compétences préprofessionnelles. Ce processus d’apprentissage complexe, largement autodidacte, s’appuie sur des tutoriels et sur la reproduction de formats populaires. Il est aussi coconstruit avec les pairs, en tenant compte des commentaires suscités par les vidéos partagées, selon des logiques en partie liées à une construction genrée de la mise en scène de soi sur les réseaux sociaux numériques

Zebrock, pratiques et contraintes d’un projet d’émancipation par les musiques populaires en Seine–Saint-Denis

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Research hypothesis generation over scientific knowledge graphs

International audienceGenerating research hypotheses is a crucial step in scientific investigation that involves the creation of precise, verifiable, and logically valid statements that can be empirically examined. Therefore, many efforts have been made to automate or assist this process through the use of various Artificial Intelligence solutions. However, most existing methods are tailored to very specific domains, particularly within the biomedical field. There have been recent attempts to formalize hypothesis generation as a link prediction task over knowledge graphs. This solution is potentially domain-independent and applicable across diverse disciplines. Nevertheless, current approaches for link prediction, which typically rely on embedding models or path-based methods, have shown limited success in accurately predicting new hypotheses. To address these limitations, this paper introduces ResearchLink, an innovative and domain-independent methodology for hypothesis generation over knowledge graphs. ResearchLink combines path-based features and knowledge graph embeddings with text embeddings, capturing the semantic context of entities within a given corpus, and integrates additional information from bibliometric databases to improve research collaboration predictions. To conduct a rigorous evaluation of ResearchLink, we constructed CSKG-600, a new dataset for hypothesis generation, consisting of 600 statements that were manually labeled by domain experts. ResearchLink achieved outstanding performance (78.7% P@20), significantly outperforming alternative approaches such as TransH (71.8%), TransD (71.7%), and RotatE (70.7%).La génération d’hypothèses de recherche est une étape cruciale de l’investigation scientifique, qui consiste à formuler des énoncés précis, vérifiables et logiquement valides pouvant être examinés empiriquement. De nombreux efforts ont donc été entrepris pour automatiser ou assister ce processus à l’aide de diverses solutions d’intelligence artificielle. Cependant, la plupart des méthodes existantes sont conçues pour des domaines très spécifiques, en particulier dans le secteur biomédical. Des tentatives récentes ont cherché à formaliser la génération d’hypothèses comme une tâche de prédiction de liens dans des graphes de connaissances. Cette approche est potentiellement indépendante du domaine et applicable à diverses disciplines. Néanmoins, les approches actuelles de prédiction de liens, qui reposent généralement sur des modèles d’embedding ou des méthodes basées sur les chemins, ont montré un succès limité dans la prédiction précise de nouvelles hypothèses. Pour surmonter ces limites, cet article présente ResearchLink, une méthodologie innovante et indépendante du domaine pour la génération d’hypothèses à partir de graphes de connaissances. ResearchLink combine des caractéristiques basées sur les chemins et des embeddings de graphes de connaissances avec des embeddings textuels, capturant le contexte sémantique des entités dans un corpus donné, et intègre des informations supplémentaires provenant de bases de données bibliométriques pour améliorer les prédictions de collaboration en recherche. Pour évaluer rigoureusement ResearchLink, nous avons construit CSKG-600, un nouveau jeu de données pour la génération d’hypothèses, composé de 600 énoncés étiquetés manuellement par des experts du domaine. ResearchLink a obtenu des performances remarquables (78,7 % P@20), surpassant significativement d’autres approches telles que TransH (71,8 %), TransD (71,7 %) et RotatE (70,7 %)