Anchoring of inflation expectations: The case of turkey

It may be observed from the existing monetary economics literature that none of the previous papers that examine the degree to which inflation expectations are anchored in Turkey takes structural breaks into account. However, it is widely accepted that an economy is likely to be exposed to some considerable events/structural breaks. Hence, the previous research may have provided inefficient and biased output about anchoring of inflation expectations in Turkey. To fulfil this gap to some degree, the purpose of this paper is to investigate whether inflation expectations are well anchored in Turkey considering the structural breaks. To this end, the paper first uses the original model of Bomfim and Rudebusch (2000) and then extends this model with the exchange rate. Monthly data over the period 2004:2-2019:7 are used. In the paper, first, the stationarity levels of the variables are examined, and it is found that all variables are stationary at first differences. Subsequently, considering the recent developments in cointegration analysis, the paper employs the Tsong et al. (2016) cointegration test based on the Fourier approximation and the dynamic ordinary least squares estimator suggested by Saikkonen (1991) and Stock and Watson (1993) to examine whether there is a cointegration relationship among the variables in the empirical model. Finally, after detecting the presence of cointegration, the paper estimates the long-run coefficients. The findings show that the sensitivity of inflation expectations to the inflation rate in the previous period is higher than that to the inflation target for the original model. Besides, the findings obtained from the extended model imply that inflation expectations are most affected by the exchange rate. These results provide evidence that inflation expectations are not well anchored in Turkey. © 2021, Institute for Economic Forecasting. All rights reserved

Uzaktan Algılama Verilerini Kullanarak Bireysel Ağaç Taç Tespit Algoritması

Teknolojideki büyük gelişmeler, programcıların verileri yönetme yöntemlerini modernize etmelerine olanak sağlamıştır. Bugün yapay zekâ, alt alanlarından birine çok odaklanmış durumda: veri yönetimi. Düzgün çalışması için, AI sistemleri bir tür veri analizi ve yönetimi gerektirir. Ormanlık yerlerden elde edilen veriler araştırmamızda dikkate alınan verilerdir. Yüksekten uçan uçaklar tarafından çekilen fotoğrafları içeren verileri elde ediyor ve işliyoruz. Bu çalışmada Bulgaristan’da Batı Balkan sıra dağlarından ve Bağdat şehrinin farklı bölgelerinden veriler elde edilmiştir. Veritabanı, turunçgiller gibi mevsimlik veya yaprak dökmeyen ağaç türlerinin farklı resimlerini içerir. Görüntü alımına yardımcı olmak için yüksek yoğunluklu, kısa menzilli insansız hava araçları kullanılabilir. Görüntülerin kalitesi, ağaç taçlarını tanıma sorununu bir dereceye kadar hafifletmeye yardımcı olur. Makine öğrenimi konseptine dayalı akıllı bir model oluşturuyoruz ve çeşitli görüntü işleme teknikleri kullanarak orman havadan görüntülerini analiz ediyoruz. Görüntünün kapsamlı bir tanımını sağlamak ve içindeki ağaçları belirlemek mümkündür. Ayrıca, yakalanan ağaçlar sınıflandırılır ve her kategori için veri sağlanır. Kategoriler genç ağaçlar ve yaşlı ağaçlardır. Mükemmel tanıma ve sınıflandırma doğruluğu elde edilir

Comparison of the mental status of COVID-19 intensive care unit and general intensive care unit staff

Aim: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may predispose front-line intensive care staff to experience mental health problems. The aim of this study was to compare the COVID-19 fear experienced by COVID-19 intensive care unit staff and general intensive care unit staff, and the effects of this fear on mental health. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 156 participants, 90 (57.7%) participants from the COVID-19 intensive care unit and 66 (42.3%) from the general intensive care unit, were included. A printed questionnaire consisting of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), and demographic data were used. Results: Female gender, being a nurse, and working in COVID-19 intensive care unit, were associated with higher depression, anxiety, and stress scores. A significant relationship was found between fear of COVID-19 and depression (ρ=0.399, p=0.044), anxiety (ρ=0.456, p=0.019), and stress (ρ=0.418, p=0.033). Furthermore, as compared to general intensive care unit staff, COVID-19 intensive care unit staff who may have high-risk contact were approximately twice times more likely to experience anxiety and fear of COVID-19 and 3.5 times more likely to suffer from depression and stress. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected the mental health of intensive care staff. Attention should be paid to the mental health of females and nurses working in the COVID-19 intensive care unit. The mental health of intensive care workers should be supported to protect the health workforce. © 2021, Duzce University Medical School. All rights reserved

Using Phenol-Rich Agro-Wastes as Substrates for the Cultivation of Hypsizygus ulmarius Mushroom with Enhanced Functional and Nutritional Potential

This study aimed to transform phenolic-rich agricultural wastes into valuable foods by using them as new alternative substrates in mushroom cultivation and thus, to dispose of them without harming the environment. Thirteen growing media were tested for cultivation of Hypsizygus ulmarius in the study. The wheat straw (WS) and poplar sawdust (PS) were used as the main substrate and the green walnut husk (GWH) and grape pomace (GP) were added at the ratios of 10, 20, and 30%. One commercial growing medium was used as control. The relationships was assessed between the cultivation parameters and composition of the growing media. Moreover, the comparison of nutritional composition of mushroom carpophores among the treatments was performed. Straw-based media supplemented with GP and GWH promoted H. ulmarius yields (161.1 g kg-1–235.4 g kg-1), biological efficiency (BE)% (44.8%–73.5%) compared to control media (225.7 g kg-1, 64.5%, and 1.25, respectively). Moreover, the fruitbodies cultivated on growing media supplemented with different ratios of GP and GWH displayed high contents of protein (12.85%–17.0%), ash (8.54–11.90%), and carbohydrate (69.11%–75.15%), a total phenolic content of 2.68– 4.26 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per g, and a low content of fat (1.70%–3.50%). Considering the results of the study, it was concluded that by using growing media containing phenolic-rich wastes in H. ulmarius cultivation, especially GP, the environmental impact of these wastes can be reduced without compromising the current yield performance and nutritional quality of the mushroom. © 2022. by the authors. Submitted for possible open access publication under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY NC) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)

Information and behaviors of patients applying to chest diseases outpatient clinic regarding rational use of drugs

Rational Drug Use (RUD), which aims to use drugs, when necessary, in the appropriate amount and in an appropriate way, is required from the physician with the rational choice of drugs and prescribing; health policies cover a process that includes other individuals in the society, pharmacists, healthcare professionals and consists of many steps, from the conscious and correct consumption of drugs to the patient. In determining RUD, it is important to reveal the knowledge and behavioral characteristics of individuals at these stages. Irrational drug use is one of the major health problems in developing countries, including our country. In our study, it was aimed to evaluate the patient parameter in RUD. For this purpose, it was tried to determine the knowledge and behaviors of the patients who applied to Chest Diseases outpatient clinic for any reason. This descriptive study was carried out with 163 volunteers who applied to the 3rd Stage Health Institution Chest Diseases Policlinic due to any respiratory symptoms. The data were obtained by face-to-face descriptive questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 16 questions about the sociodemographic characteristics of the patients and their knowledge and behavior regarding drug use. The response rates and compliance with the RUD were evaluated. According to the analysis results, most of the patients were between the ages of 51-64 and primary school graduates (n = 71, 43.6%). The number of female patients was 80 (49.1%) and the number of male patients was 83 (50.9%), and the distribution of patients was found to be similar in terms of gender. 33.1% of the patients prescribed medication and kept them at home without being sick, thinking that it might be necessary, and most of these drugs were pain relievers (29.4%). Only 10.4% were taking medication or demanding a prescription from their doctor with the advice of their neighbors and / or relatives. 11.1% of them used antibiotics on their own, without being examined due to complaints such as flu, cold, and cold. In our study, the characteristics of knowledge and behavior in accordance with RUD were determined to the patient who applied to the chest diseases outpatient clinic. Rational drug use is very important in terms of preventing unnecessary national expense, side effects, adverse effects, and decreasing mortality and morbidity. In order to raise the awareness of individuals on drug use in the society; Health policy, healthcare professionals, media and educators have important responsibilities. © 2021 Ondokuz Mayis Universitesi. All rights reserved

Analysis of nonlinear compartmental model using a reliable method

The goal of this work is to investigate nonlinear models and their complexity using techniques that are universal and have connections to historical and material aspects. Using the premise of a constant population that is uniformly mixed, a nonlinear compartmental model that depicts the movement between voter classes is taken into consideration. In the current work, we investigate the dynamical framework that supports the interactions between the three parties. It is discussed how rate change affects various metrics. The conditions for boundedness, stability, existence, and other dynamics are obtained. We derive the effects of generalizing the model in any order. The current study supports investigations into complex real-world issues and forecasts of necessary plans. © 2023 The Author(s

On the new hyperbolic wave solutions to Wu-Zhang system models

In this study, some solitary wave solutions of the Wu-Zhang system are analyzed using the modified expansion function method and the sine-Gordon expansion method. Solitary wave solutions of this non-linear mathematical model consisting of hyperbolic and trigonometric function structures are get. Two and three dimensional, density graphics of the solitary solutions of the mathematical models are drawn by choosing the appropriate parameters. It was seen that all solution functions found as a result provide the mathematical model. In this study, Wolfram Mathematica software program was used for all mathematical calculation