Distribution and Characteristics of Rare Earth Elements in Uranium-Ore Deposits from Rirang Area, West Kalimantan Province, Indonesia

Uranium and rare earth elements (REE) are essential elements for the development of green environmentally friendly, and sustainable energy. To meet the increasing demand for these raw materials, Indonesia has taken steps to explore and map potential deposits, including the Rirang Sector in Melawi Regency, West Kalimantan. However, the available information on the mineralization of these elements in the area is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a detailed characterization on the petrology and geochemical characteristics of uranium ore and to synthesize the mineral genesis of uranium and REE-bearing ore in the Rirang Sector. The analytical methods used included petrography, micro-XRF, and geochemical analysis. The results showed that uranium mineralization was present in brannerites, uranophane, and swamboite associated with tourmaline and monazite ore. Similarly, REE concentrations were hosted by REE-bearing minerals, such as monazite, xenotime, and loparite. Geochemically, the uranium concentration in the monazite ore ranged from 1,110 – 28,440 ppm, while the total REE (TREE) concentration varied between 85,320 to 138,488 ppm. The formation of uranium and REE mineralization were due to the metasomatism process and its association with the Na-rich fluid of felsic intrusion. Notably, the weathering process did not enrich uranium and REE content in the soil but rather decreased it due to the leaching process and the absence of clay minerals capable of absorbing the REE cations on the surface of clay crystal structures

Separation of Thorium (Th) from Monazite Sand of Bangka Island using Primene JMT Solvent Extraction Method

Thorium is an essential element as an alternative nuclear fuel to replace uranium. Thorium is found in the mineral monazite, which is a by-product of the alluvial tin mining process. Many methods have been used to extract and separate thorium from uranium and REEs from monazite, one of which is the organic solvent extraction method. In this research, the primene JMT, which is an extractant of primary amine compounds, was used in the method. The studied parameters are feed pH, JMT primene concentration, and stirring speed. The results show that the optimum conditions for Th extraction in monazite using solvent extraction method primene JMT were obtained at pH 0.5, extractant concentration of 2%, and stirring speed of 300 rpm with Th recovery of 94.05% while U and REE were not extracted

Empirical Equation between Predominant Frequency and Sediment Thickness in Plampang, West Nusa Tenggara

Soil characteristics mapping is one of the essential aspects in the development of a region. Soil characteristics such as the predominant frequency and thickness of the sediment layer are needed to ensure the capacity of soil against the load of an infrastructure construction. The existence of tectonic activity causes West Nusa Tenggara Province to be an area with high seismic activity. Along with the plan to accelerate the development of the Samota Area, seismic studies are one of the aspects that determine project feasibility. The predominant frequency value from the results of microtremor measurements is used in the development of an empirical formula to predict soil thickness in the Plampang area. The empirical formula from previous research is used as a conformity test of the empirical formula obtained. Empirical equations are then used to map variations in sediment thickness in the Plampang area, which are justified based on geological data. The results of the sediment thickness map based on the empirical formula for the Plampang area showed a good correlation with the predominant frequency and also showed a good correlation with the results of the formula that has been carried out by previous studies

Experimental Study of The Influences of Inclination Angle and Heat Load on Loop Heat Pipe Thermal Performance

The utilization of nuclear power brings out a lot of benefits in fulfilling human power needs, however, the thermal incident caused by the failure of an active cooling system because of an earthquake followed by the tsunami such as on the Nuclear Power Plant at Fukushima Dai-Ichi Japan could be taken for lesson learn to keep improve nuclear installation operation safety aspects. Loop heat pipe (LHP) as an alternative cooling system technology could be utilized to handle thermal problems on nuclear installations. This research aims to know the influence of the inclination angle and heat load on the LHP thermal performance. The experimental investigation was performed with varying the inclination angle of 0°, 2.5°, and 5°, and heat load given at 60°C, 70°C, 80°C, and 90°C. LHP was used demineralized water working fluid with a 100% filling ratio. LHP was vacuumed on 2.666,4 Pa. The cooling air velocity in the condenser given by 2,5 m/s. The result of this experiment showed that LHP has the best thermal performance with the lowest thermal resistance of 0.0043°C/W. This result was obtained when the LHP operated with a 5° inclination angle and hot water as the heat load of 90°C. The conclusion from this research is showing better LHP thermal performance as the inclination angle increase on LHP because the steam speed that formed bigger, and condensate flows back to the evaporator faste

EFFECT OF GAMMA IRRADIATION ON PHYTOCHEMICAL CONTENT AND ANTICANCER ACTIVITIES OF ROSELLE (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn)

Gamma irradiation is widely used in herbal medicine industries as an efficient preservative method in reducing microorganism contaminants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of gamma irradiation at the doses of 5; 7.5; and 10 kGy on H. sabdariffa ethanolic extract (HS-EE). The Co-60 was used for irradiation the samples. The phytochemical content of HS-EE was carried out by total microorganism analysis using dilution method, TPC by Follin-Cicalteu method, TFC by aluminium chloride colorimetric method, antioxidant activity using DPPH method, TLC profiling on silica gel F254, in vitro anticancer activity using A-549, HUT-78, and MCF-7 cancer cell lines. The irradiation at 10 kGy caused the total bacteria decreased, while dose of 5 kGy could eliminate the total mold. Irradiation at 5 kGy caused TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activity decreased by 5-11%. TLC chromatograms analysis confirmed that one of the compounds contained in HS-EE was quercetin. The HS-EE has the strongest anticancer property against HUT-78 (IC50 10.51 µg/mL) followed by against MCF-7 (IC50 13.39 µg/mL), and A-549 (IC50 14.19 µg/mL). It can be concluded that irradiation at a dose of 10 kGy could remove total bacteria and molds, decreasing the phytochemical content and anticancer activities of HS-EE. It is recommended to increase the active ingredient level in the formulation

SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW (SLR): NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS

Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) is a thermal power plant using one or several nuclear reactors as its heat source. NPP uses radioactive materials such as uranium as the heat source by utilizing fission reactions. The fission reaction produces enormous heat energy. Currently, there are many studies on NPPs, ranging from technological developments to the environmental impact of the NPP itself. This study aims to identify research developments on nuclear power plants from around the world obtained from relevant international journals in 2017-2023. The method used in this study is the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. The SLR method is used to identify, review, evaluate, and conclude all available research with interesting topic areas, with specific relevant research questions. Data were obtained by searching journals with Harzing's Publish or Perish application from the Scopus journal database. There are 191 journals with the keyword " Nuclear Power Plant " obtained from the Scopus database. Then these journals are filtered by type of article and if the number of citations is more than 32, then 49 articles are obtained which will be reviewed. This SLR method shows the development of research on NPP in several developed countries that have been using this technology for a long time. In addition, research topics such as the Fukushima accident, fault diagnostics, and safety assessment are the most discussed topics in the research so that they can be used as a reference for countries that are developing NPP

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KAJIAN PENGARUH TEGANGAN LISTRIK TERHADAP KERUSAKAN KOPLING POMPA PENDINGIN SEKUNDER SELATAN REAKTOR TRIGA 2000 BANDUNG

Telah dilakukankajian pengaruh tegangan listrik terhadap kerusakan kopling pompa pendingin sekunder selatan, kajian ini dilakukan tujuannya adalah untuk mengetahui apakah tegangan listrik  berpengaruh terhadap  kerusakan kopling pompa, sehingga harus diganti dengan yang baru. Kegiatan penggantiankopling pompa  dilakukan diakhir tahun 2017. Metoda kajian menggunakan Unbalance Voltage, kegiatan dimulai dengan mengukur besaran tegangan listrikdi tiga kabel yaitu(V(R-S), V(R-T), V(S-T))yang telah melewati Molded Case Circuit Breaker (MCCB) dan dua kontaktor, dilakukan selama 2 jam.Untuk mengetahui keseimbangan dari tegangan listrik yang terukur, maka data hasil pengukuran tegangan yang terkumpul, kemudian dihitung menggunakan rumus NEMA Unbalance Voltage. NEMA memberikan rekomendasi: motor dapat dioperasikan secara normal pada kapasitas rated jika unbalance voltage ≤ 1%. Hasil perhitungan nilai persentase unbalance voltage ada yang mencapai nilai sebesar: 2,17%. Hasil tersebut menunjukan bahwa nilai Unbalance voltage pada  pompa pendingin sekunder selatan tidak berpengaruh  terhadap kerusakan kopling pompa tetapi berpengaruh kepada kenaikan suhu motor pompa sehingga menyebabkan  panas yang berlebih (overheatin) Dapat disimpulkan bahwa nilai Unbalance voltage pada panel catu daya listrik system pendingin sekunder bukan sebagai penyebab kerusakan kopling pompa, namun kerusakan kopling disebabkan karena adanya penurunan kinerja akibat umur pakai komponen

Uji Daya Hasil Beberapa Galur Mutan Harapan Sorgum Manis (Sweet Sorghum) di Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta

Sorgum manis memiliki potensi besar untuk dibudidayakan dan dikembangkan di Indonesia karena secara umum bijinya dapat digunakan sebagai sumber pangan alternatif dan cairan (jus) batang dapat dikonversi sebagai bahan baku bioethanol. Pemuliaan tanaman sorgum manis dilakukan dengan teknik mutasi induksi menggunakan radiasi sinar gamma di Pusat Riset dan Teknologi Aplikasi Isotop dan Radiasi (PRTAIR), Organesasi Riset Teknologi Nuklir (ORTN). Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mendapatkan mutan yang memiliki karakteristik pertumbuhan dan hasil yang lebih baik dari tanaman induknya. Sebanyak 9 galur mutan harapan sorgum manis telah dihasilkan memiliki sifat produksi biji dan biomasa tinggi serta batang lebih manis. Galur-galur mutan harapan tersebut pada musim kemarau 2020 diuji daya hasilnya di Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta. Galur mutan GH9 menghasilkan biji tertinggi (8.37 t/ha), GH5 memiliki produksi biomassa tertinggi (75.47 t/ha) dan GH1 memiliki kadar nira tertinggi (14.22 % brix)

MONTE CARLO SIMULATION FOR THE EFFICIENCY OF THE RGU-1 STANDARD IN URANIUM MEASUREMENT IN SAMPLE DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL MATRIX

Preliminary Study of Plutonium Utilization in AP1000 Reactor Use SRAC 2006 and JENDL 3.3 has been conducted. Nuclear energy, especially for nuclear reactor, become important this day because the need of energy will increase along with the increasing of human population, the advanced technology and economic. The more nuclear reactor operated the more existence of plutonium stockpile. This study evaluated the standard of Westinghouse AP1000 reactor and ZrB2 as Integral Fuel Burnable Absorber (IFBA). Different fuel compositions of assembly type were analyzed in by using SRAC 2006 code system with JENDL 3.3 nuclear data library. This study aiming to compare the neutronics characteristics of an UO2 and an (U,Pu)O2 assembly designs. Some results of the study show that optimal criticality of the fuel assembly can be accomplished by using 5% enrichment of U-235 for UO2 fuel and 9% plutonium fraction for (U,Pu)O2 fuel assembly