The Effect of Extended Cornell Potential on Heavy and Heavy-Light Meson Masses Using Series Method

The effect of an extended Cornell potential on the mass spectra of heavy and heavy-light mesons is studied. The Cornell potential is extended to include quadratic potential and inverse quadratic potential. The N-radial Schrödinger equation is solved by using series method. The results for charmonium and bottomonium and light-heavy meson masses are obtained. A comparison with other recent works is discussed. The present results are improved in comparison with other recent works and are in a good agreement with experimental data

Investigation of the effects of buffer gas pressure, electrical input power and pulse repetition rate on the output power of a metal vapor laser

The effects of buffer gas pressure, electrical input power and pulse repetition frequency on the output power of 510.6nm and 578.2nm transitions have been experimentally investigated in a copper vapor laser with small-bore tube (11mm of diameter and 580mm of length). It is observed that the output power characteristics are strongly influenced by these parameters. A maximum output power of laser is obtained at about 4W with 27 kHz of pulse repetition frequency, 30 torr of Ne buffer gas pressure and 1.42kW of electrical input power. The waveforms of the current, tube voltage and laser pulses have also been observed

Comment on Aspect\u27s experiment: classical interpretation

Quantum mechanics was the foundation for physics in the 20th century and its mysterious world has presented various unique effects beyond human understanding. In particular, Aspect’s experiment and Bell’s inequality suggest a non-local interaction causing wave packet reduction, and are regarded as evidence for quantum mechanics’ validity. This short paper reconsiders the electric field of entangled light and Aspect’s experiment in terms of classical theory and shows that the experimental results can be explained equally as well

Performance Parameters of Graphite and Platinum Counter electrode Based Dye Sensitized Solar Cells

In the present course of work, we have successfully prepared a dye sensitized solar cell  (DSSC) based on TiO2 film coated ITO (indium doped tin oxide) glass photo anode, N719 dye as sensitizer, iodine as redox couple electrolytes and a counter electrode with graphite film coated ITO glass. Powder of TiO2 was synthesized by sol gel route technique. The XRD pattern confirms the anatase and rutile phase of TiO2. Crystallite size of TiO2 powder is 75.5nm. The TiO2 paste was coated on ITO by doctor blade technique. The FTIR spectrum shows a main peak corresponding to 495cm-1. However, UV-Visible absorbance of graphite/ITO glass and platinum/ITO glass were obtained as 20-25% and 7-17% respectively in the wavelength range of 300-800nm. The open circuit voltage of DSSC has been observed to be maximum 690.1mV and 619.5mV for platinum and graphite counter electrode respectively. The OCV decay shows the non linear nature. The fill factor values were obtained as 0.60 and 0.50 for platinum and graphite based electrode of DSSCs respectively. The efficiencies of DSSC with platinum/ITO and graphite/ITO electrodes were found to be 1.63% and 0.89% respectively

The Shift in Bandgap and Dielectric Constant Due to lattice Expansion in CH3NH3SnI3 Using FHI-aims

Although methyl ammonium lead iodide, (CH3NH3PbI3) has proven to be an effective photovoltaic material, there remains a main concern about the toxicity of lead, therefore determination of a lead free halide perovskite is of outstanding interest.  Sn2+ metal cations are the most obvious substitute for Pb2+ in the perovskite structure because of the similar s2 valence electronic configuration to Pb2+. Sn2+ can form a perovskite with a basic formula ASnX3 (A= CH3NH3 and X = halide) because the ionic radius of Sn2+ is similar to that of Pb2+. With the above similarity, methyl ammonium tin iodide CH3NH3SnI3 is one of the common replacement for CH3NH3PbI3 in the fabrication of organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells. FHI-aims code was used to perform the simulation of CH3NH3SnI3 in this work. Geometry building, parameter optimization, determination of the best exchange functional, k-grid convergence test along with determination of equilibrium lattice constant and geometry relaxation for CH3NH3SnI3 were carried out. An energy direct band gap of 1.051 eV was obtained, with an underestimation of 0.249 eV which amount to 19.2% when compared with experimental value. The lattice constant obtained using phonopy with ZPE is close to experimental reported values with an underestimation of 3.01%. The temperature dependent of lattice constant was studied in the temperature range of 0 to 318 K. At the same temperature range, shift in energy bandgap and dielectric constant due to lattice expansion was also investigated

Comparison on electrical properties of pure Y2O3, bismuth doped Y2O3, zinc doped Y2O3, bismuth and zinc codoped Y2O3 prepared by sol-gel method

Yttrium oxide is widely studied nowadays as a substitute for SiO2 which is a well-known dielectric material. The uniqueness of yttrium oxide is that it has a high melting point (2430 °C) which is higher than other host materials like alumina, zirconia and yttrium aluminium garnet. Hence an attempt was made to add the dopants, bismuth and zinc simultaneously to the yttrium oxide lattice and to study their properties as a dielectric material. Also the dependence of their electrical properties on structure, particle size and morphology is analysed. Pure Yttrium oxide, bismuth doped yttrium oxide, zinc doped yttrium oxide and bismuth and zinc codoped yttrium oxide samples of 0.5 weight percentage of yttrium precursor as dopant concentration are synthesized by simple precipitation technique, sol-gel method. Electrical properties of the samples are studied and a comparative study is done on the doped and codoped samples and it was found that codoped samples show better electrical properties compared with single dopant samples

Omnidirectional reflection band in multi-layered graphite film based one dimensional photonic crystal nanostructure

We report  the omnidirectional reflection (ODR) in one dimensional photonic crystal (PC) structure consisting of alternate layers of  Graphite as material of low refractive index and Tellurium (Te) as material of high refractive index. The effects of the incidence angles on the spectral reflectance have been investigated using transfer matrix method (TMM).  The proposed structure gives 100% reflection within a wide range of wavelengths in the visible-near IR region and can be used effectively in wavelength filters, optical resonators and mirrors for visible-near IR region of electromagnetic spectrum. Due to considerable control of absorption of low frequency radiation in graphite, the damping and skin effect in the PC are also suppressed. The investigation has also been made for the study of role of ambient medium and the effect of number of layers in formation of ODR

Quasi-exact solution of sextic anharmonic oscillator using a quotient polynomial

Among the one-dimensional, real and analytic polynomial potentials, the sextic anharmonic oscillator is the only one that can be quasi-exactly solved, if it is properly parametrized. In this work, we present a new method to quasi-exactly solve the sextic anharmonic oscillator and apply it to derive specific solutions. Our approach is based on the introduction of a quotient polynomial and can also be used to study the solvability of symmetrized (non-analytic) or complex PT-symmetric polynomial potentials, where it opens up new options

Broad inhibition of transmission frequency in multilayered dielectric one dimensional photonic crystal nanostructure

We report the omnidirectional reflection (ODR) in one dimensional photonic crystal (PC) structure consisting of alternate layers of Cryolite (Na3AlF6) as material of low refractive index and Germanium (Ge) as material of high refractive index. The effects of the thickness of layers and incidence angles on the spectral reflectance have been investigated using transfer matrix method (TMM). The proposed structure gives 100% reflection within a wide range of wavelengths in the visible-near IR region (600 nm- 850 nm) which can be tuned according to the design parameters. We observe that cryolite based photonic crystal structure can be used as a good candidate for wavelength filter or broad reflector in the near infrared spectrum which is very useful in many imaging sensors in the field of optical technology

Analysis of complimentary notch loaded multifrequency compact printed antenna

A single layer single feed rectangular microstrip antenna is designed and parametrically studied. Multifrequency operation is achieved along with the compactness. Complimentary symmetrical slots have been added at the edges of the patch with an extra slot placed diagonally at its top right corner to achieve multifrequency with a reduced size. It has been found that modifying the length and the width of the slots result in a rapid change in the prospect of frequency, gain, VSWR etc. The simulated result of the proposed antenna shows that it resonates at 3.79 GHz, 5.43 GHz, 5.83 GHz and 6.44 GHz. The proposed antenna has achieved 56.52% size reduction as compared with the conventional rectangular microstrip patch antenna. A profound evaluation of the radiation pattern, gain, voltage standing wave ratio, reflection coefficient ( ) and radiation efficiency of the proposed antenna is discussed in this paper