Experimental verification of wave packet collapse using fourth-order interference

The concept of wave packet collapse is the most interesting and difficult to understand assumption of quantum mechanics and it remains an unresolved issue. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully examine its principle and process experimentally. We fabricated a new fourth-order interference apparatus capable of verifying the collapse of a wave packet. Contrary to expectation, a “collapse” was not observed in our experiment

Contact angle of spherical drops inside a smooth and homogeneous cylindrical capillary with hemispherical head

To investigate the wettability of spherical drops in a smooth and homogeneous cylindrical capillary with hemispherical head, based on Gibbs’s method of dividing surface and Rusanov’s concept of dividing line, the contact angle of spherical droplets has been successfully derived considering the effects of the line tension. Additionally, under the condition of ignoring the line tension, the equation describing the contact angle is simplified as the classical Young equation

On the Incompatibility of Special Relativity and Quantum Mechanics

Some of the strategies which have been put forward in order to deal with the inconsistency between quantum mechanics and special relativity are examined. The EPR correlations are discussed as a simple example of quantum mechanical macroscopic effects with spacelike separation from their causes. It is shown that they can be used to convey information, whose reliability can be estimated by means of Bayes\u27 theorem. Some of the current reasons advanced to deny that quantum mechanics contradicts special relativity are refuted, and an historical perspective is provided on the issue

The Effect of Temperature and Active layer thickness on the Performance of CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Solar Cell: A Numerical Simulation approach

In this work, General-purpose Photovoltaic Device Model (GPVDM) software was used to investigate the performance of a perovskite solar cell with CH3NH3PbI3 as its active layer. GPVDM is a free general-purpose tool for simulation of light harvesting devices. The model solves both electrons and holes drift-diffusion, and carrier continuity equations in position space to describe the movement of charge within the device. The model also solves Poisson\u27s equation to calculate the internal electrostatic potential. Recombination and carrier trapping are described within the model using a Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) formalism, the distribution of trap states can be arbitrarily defined. The software gives an output that contains the Current-Voltage (I-V) characteristic curves. A study into the effect of active layer thickness and temperature on the performance of the solar cell device was carried out. The optimal active layer thickness was found to be 3 x 10-7m. When the thickness exceeds 3 x 10-7 m, then the efficiency drops. At the optimal thickness of 3 x 10-7m, the devices were found to have power conversion efficiency up to 14.7%. On other hand the fill factor (FF) decreases as the thickness increases. The FF is highest at active layer thickness of 1 x 10-7m. The effect of device temperature also studied and the optimal working temperature was found to be 300 K, where power conversion efficiency and FF are 15.4 % and 0.76 respectively

Predicting the Fate of Schrodinger’s Cat

We describe a simple experiment in which a radioactive atom in a box decays in unit time with probability equal to ½, but such that the probability of a correct prediction of whether or not the atom decays is greater than ½

Optimization of two dimensional chiral photonic crystal nanostructures

A chiral photonic crystal (CPC) in 2D is a structure that presents the variation of the dielectric permittivity and the chirality parameter along two directions of space. The objective of this paper is to simulate and study geometric effects on the characteristics of 2D chiral photonic crystal based on dielectric material using Comsol Multiphysics 5.0 environment. The properties of Chiral Photonic Crystal are discussed based on transmission coefficient (S21) and reflection coefficient (S11)

Free energy analysis of binary alloys at phase transition

Order-disorder transformation in alloys is a fascinating and extensively studied problem for many years. This transformation has been studied widely using the two state Ising model. But vacancies are not considered in two state Ising model, which may play an important rule in determining the composition of stable configuration. So we used three state Ising model which takes vacancies also at lattice sites. To make a realistic study we have included kinetic energy of the particles in the total Hamiltonian

Anisotropic bulk viscous string cosmological models with heat flux

Bulk viscosity coupled with cosmic string for Bianchi type VI0 cosmological model is investigated in the context of Self creation theory of gravitation. Field equations are solved for two different cases by considering relation between metric potentials. It is assumed that scalar function is proportional to the scale factor. It is found that the universe is anisotropic and stable. The early universe is highly heated. Some physical parameters are also discussed in details

The Effect of Doping Concentrations on the Thickness of the Depletion Layer on Some Semiconductor Materials

In this work, the code “Poisson” written by Silsbee and Drager, developed at Cornell University was used to Simulate band bending and carrier concentrations in the inhomogenous semiconductors: Gallium nitride, Zinc oxide, Cadmium sulfide, Cadmium selenide, Cadmium telluride, Indium phosphide, Gallium arsenide and Silicon. The energy gap for these semiconductors is generally greater than 1eV. Simulation of doping concentrations was run on preset four (4) on the code “Poisson”. The effect of doping concentrations on the thickness of the depletion layer width and charge displacement of the semiconductor materials was obtained. The width of depletion layer decreases with increase in doping concentrations while increase in doping concentrations leads to increase in the charge displacement. The relationship between depletion layer width and the doping concentrations (from 1×1020 to 1×1016 cm-3 )   is best described by a power function of the form y=axb. On the other hand, wide band gap results in increase in depletion layer width

Simultaneous measurement of wave and particle properties using modified Young\u27s double-slit experiment

The principle of complementarity is the foundation of quantum mechanics; its correctness has been verified by several studies. At present, the Englert-Greenberger duality relation is used for quantitative evaluations. We fabricated a new double slit experimental apparatus capable of simultaneously measuring the visibility and path-distinguishability, and measured the wave and particle properties.  We thus obtained results in disagreement with the principle of complementarity