Changes in the Cell Surface Markers During Normal Hematopoiesis: A Guide to Cell Isolation

Hematopoiesis, the process of hematopoietic cell production, largely takes place in the bone marrow (BM) of humans. This process follows a stepwise manner in which hematopoietic stem cells give rise to progenitor cells and they develop the terminally differentiated cells along each lineage through a sequential series of stages. Consequently, constant changes would occur in the gene expressions leading to morphological or functional changes necessary for different stages of maturation. These changes provide us with guides to differentiate different subsets of hematopoietic hierarchy based on the cell surface antigen markers and will help us to isolate various cells from the hematopoietic hierarchy. Here we have a short review on the changes of these surface markers during different stages of development and we have applied an algorithmic approach for the isolation of all these cells based on our current understandings of this system

Predictive Value of Circulating SPARC-Related protein Osteonectin in Patients with Symptomatic Moderate-to-Severe Ischemic-Induced Chronic Heart Failure

Aim: To evaluate the prognostic value of circulating osteonectin for cumulative survival and hospitalization in patients with ischemic chronic heart failure (CHF).Methods: One hundred fifty four patients with ischemic symptomatic moderate-to-severe CHF were prospectively enrolled at discharge from the hospital. Observation period was up to 3 years (156 weeks). Blood samples for hematology, chemistry, and biomarker measurements were collected at baseline prior to study entry. ELISA method for measurement of circulating osteonectin (OSN) was used.Results: During a median follow-up of 2.18 years we identified 21 deaths and 106 readmissions. Medians of circulating levels of OSN in survivors patient and subjects who died were 670.96 ng/mL (95% confidence interval [CI] = 636.53-705.35 ng/mL) and 907.84 ng/mL (95% CI = 878.02-937.60 ng/mL). Receive Operation Characteristic curve analysis has shown the best balanced cutoff point of OSN concentration for cumulative survival equal 845.15 ng/mL. A significantly divergence of Kaplan-Meier survival curves constructed for patients with high (> 845.15 ng/mL) and low (<845.15 ng/mL) concentrations of OSN was found. Circulating OSN independently predicted all-cause mortality (OR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.10–1.36; P < 0.001), CHF-related death (OR = 1.46; 95% CI 1.22–1.80; P < 0.001), and also CHF-related readmission (OR = 1.92; 95% CI = 1.77 – 2.45; P<0.001) within 3 year of follow-up period.Conclusion: Increased circulating SPARC family member OSN associates with increased 3-year CHF-related death, all-cause mortality, and risk for readmission due to CHF