Strategies For Success: A Systematic Review of Approaches Used by South African Companies to Expand into The African Region

The African region presents significant opportunities for South African companies seeking to expand their operations. However, navigating the complexities of the African business environment coming up with best fit strategies can be daunting. This systematic review aims to identify the strategies used by South African companies to successfully expand into the African region. A comprehensive search of electronic databases and hand searching of relevant journals and conference proceedings was utilised for the study. The findings of this research suggest that South African companies have employed a range of strategies to facilitate expansion, including ownership, partnerships, and adaptations to local conditions. The findings of the systematic review assist multinational companies pursuing cross border expansion in evaluating and deciding on the appropriate market entry strategy and also on the timing of getting into the foreign markets. It also assists policy makers in formulating business supportive policies and creating favourable operating environment, further the study assist the academia in bridging the theories on internationalization and African business expansion

Assessment Of Risk Factors for Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Among Women of Reproductive Age in Lahore

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOs) is the most common hormonal disease of present era among the women of reproductive age. It has prevalence of 5-15% worldwide and in Pakistan its prevalence is approx. 52%. Which can be due to multiple risk factors and can cause multiple symptoms. However, no study in past showed exact cause of PCOs. The objective of the study was to access the risk factors for polycystic ovarian syndrome among women of reproductive age in Lahore. We conducted a Case-Control study. Cases were defined as women diagnosed with PCOS, while controls were age-matched women without a PCOS diagnosis. We emphasis more on dietary factors, socioeconomic status and BMI. Data on diet, health, and physical activity were collected from the questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Odd ratio and Chi-square test was used to determine statistical significance with p-value < 0.05. The total of 68 cases and 68 controls were included in the study. We found that the most of the participants were young, mean age of the participants was 26.34 ± 6.63 years. There were significant differences between cases and controls in their income status (p=0.075), BMI (p=0.013), Family history (OR=2.826), conception difficulty (p=0.012), infertility treatment (p=0.011), irregular menstrual problems (OR=12.536), hirsutism (OR=10.086), U/S diagnosis (OR=33.970) and dietary factors including sweets/deserts (p=0.004) and dairy products (p=0.006). Our study concluded that socioeconomic status, BMI, reproductive health factors and diet are associated with PCOS in women in Lahore. Key factors such as family history, menstrual irregularities, hirsutism, and specific dietary habits were notably associated with higher risk. So, these results can be important for early detection and treatment of PCOS

How Total Quality Management (TQM) Revolutionizes Internal Care Units: Insights from North Lebanon Hospital

This term paper will answer the question how Total Quality Management (TQM) can affect intensive care units (ICU) in North Lebanon hospital. To comprehend the impact of Total Quality Management (TQM) on emergency services, the paper will define TQM along with its major roles and stages in business. It will also present the effect of TQM on the operations of healthcare institutes, such as hospitals, with a specific focus on the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). ICUs are critical components in modern health care. To improve the performance of ICU, a project is decided to be done on well-known hospital in north Lebanon called NINI HOSPITAL. Knowledge is the key for this project; therefore, study has been done on the ICU unit of NINI hospital and several interviews were done with personal in charge by asking different questions pertaining to the quality system of the hospital, challenges faced in the ICU and activities conducted in their capacities. SPSS software is used to process and analyse data collected. The conclusion drawn from the assessment of North Lebanon Hospital's ICU underscores the vital role of Total Quality Management in optimizing patient care, evidenced by meticulous attention to theoretical knowledge and practical training, high standards of human interaction, adherence to protocols, and a commitment to continuous improvement, positioning NINI Hospital as a preferred healthcare provider with plans for ISO certification. Solutions and proposals are offered to enhance the quality performance in ICU by gathering data and analysing it and present the instruments that will implement this improvement and what are the potential results of these proposals

Key Factors Impacting Business Performance an Investigation of Firms in Vietnam

This study examines factors affecting company performance on the Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange from 2008 to 2020, analyzing internal and external variables, including the Covid-19 pandemic's impact. Using data from 40 firms and macroeconomic indicators, advanced econometric models identify key determinants of Return on Assets (ROA). Findings suggest financial leverage and operating leverage enhance ROA, while asset size and consumer inflation have mixed effects. Industrial production positively correlates with ROA, whereas the pandemic negatively impacts corporate performance. These insights inform strategic management and policy-making for economic resilience

Right To Property and Maintenance of Illegitimate Child Under Hindu Law

The concept of property is evolving from the days of adopting the law relating to property of Hindu people. The laws relating to property undergoes many changes from time to time as to accommodate the changing need of the society. The major changes in the law of property held after the adoption of our Constitution. The Article 14 of the Constitution of India guarantees equality among men and women as a fundamental right. Following by Article 15 which allows special provisions can be made for women and child. Article 19 1(f) which said that right to property was a fundamental right, which later on amended and now property is a legal right under article 300A of the Constitution of India. Article 39(f) which is directive principle also concern about the safeguard of the child. The court observed that right to property is not only a constitutional right but also a human right1, and no person can be deprived of his property save and except by and in accordance with law. Due to Constitutional guarantees the legislature has brought Hindu Succession Act in 19562 and Hindu Marriage Act in 19553 along with three other Acts. Hindu Succession Act has amended and codified the law relating to intestate succession4. This Act has laid down a uniform and comprehensive system of inheritance of property. Moreover this Act gave rights to women to property which were unknown till then. The provision of this Act in relation to property is clear for legitimate child, but is silent for illegitimate child. The paper will focus on the right of illegitimate progeny to maintenance from their parents as well as right of inheritance to their parents self acquired as well as ancestral property in a Hindu family

Study of Heat Transfer in a Fixed Bed Centimeter Furnace with Pottery Walls : The Case of Natural Laterite and Kaolinic Laterite

The valorization of municipal waste is a good option for energy production. Our work consists of a numerical study of the heat equations in a fixed-bed centimetric grate furnace modeled by a natural laterite inner wall and a kaolin laterite wall. Simulation results showed that the kiln filling rate at 100% is 5 kg of fuel. From 500o C as the starting point for heating, the temperature reaches a maximum of 1225o C and 1050o C respectively for natural and kaolin laterite at 30 minutes of operation. In addition, the internal temperature is optimal around 35 ± 5 hgs-1 of internal air flow. A drop in internal temperature was observed after 35 minutes due to mass degradation and convection of the outlet gas. Natural laterite tends to retain heat inside the kiln more than kaolinite, which dissipates too quickly. These results show that, depending on how heat is converted into energy, the right materials and operations need to be chosen to optimize the process

Effect Of the Disclosure of Corporate Social Responsibility Practices on The Financial Value of The Companies Listed on The Colombian Stock Exchange

This research project intends to analyze the financial effects caused by the implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in companies, and the shareholders’ perspective regarding the disclosure of these practices in the stock market. The Colombian Stock Exchange (BVC) market’s reaction was studied, using as a reference 20 companies included in the COLCAP index. The influence of this CSR-type announcements published in important local newspapers was analyzed. The results show that the social practices developed by the Colombian companies listed on the BVC have a positive relationship with financial performance; this fact is evidenced by the change in the share price

Compliance With the International Public Sector Accounting Standards Relating to Disclosure in Algeria

The present study aims at the highlighting of the disclosure standards in the international public sector accounting standards (IPSAS) as well as the implementation extent in the public accounting system in Algeria through the 18/15 organic law relating to the financial laws, in particular. In addition to that is the highlighting of a number of disclosure standards in international accounting, in general. The study adopted a descriptive, analytical approach to the disclosure standards relating to the public sector. The findings indicated that a number of disclosure standards relating to the public sector are implemented at 60%, which is a significant percentage that significantly contributes to the public sector modernization as well as the establishment of an effective, modern accounting system based on and mirrors transparency

Customer Service and Ethics in USA and Lebanon

The purpose of this article is to study both customer service and ethics separately, and then conclude their correlation with personality, particularly the major five personality traits. All the way through there will be contrast made between Lebanon and United States. Literature analysis from diverse researchers on each subject, and expectations discussion of both the Lebanese and American people within each field. The main technique is studying contemporary literature. Resemblances exist among expectations in Lebanon and United States in the subject of customer service and ethics. Moreover, ethics and customer service necessitate specific personality styles where each one is studied. This article aims to understand what excellent customer service and ethics is, then afterwards relating them both to personality, supply managers with ideas on what to look for and suggestions for future testing and research, contribute in the meaning that both Lebanon and United States cultures are examined, which provides insight to a country that Lebanon highly relates to

Assembly Line Balancing using the Valentine and Aseem Heuristic Algorithm (VAHA)

This study delves into the development and application of the Valentine and Aseem Heuristic Algorithm (VAHA) as a different heuristic model to ALB problems. This was achieved by exploiting agglomerative hierarchical clustering principle, and it was proven that assembly lines have lesser idle time than the conventional line balancing methods. The metrics used for comparison were the number of stations, the balance efficiency, the total time the line was idle, and the balance delay of the line. To audit the performance and validate the VAHA model, three conventional line balancing algorithms were used to benchmark the proposed algorithm results and furthermore, the result of the VAHA model, was juxtaposed to the result of another group in the class. Upon evaluation, it shows that by applying VAHA at the barest minimum, a reduction in total idle time at the workstations can be achieved. Moreover, this reduction in total idle time implies that overall labor efficiency has increased