APPLICATION OF BACKPROPAGATION FOR FORECASTING OPEN UNEMPLOYMENT IN MAKASSAR CITY

Based on data from the Statistics Bureau of South Sulawesi Province, the open unemployment rate in Makassar City has remained consistently high over the past ten years, averaging 11.41%. This highlights a persistent labor market issue and positions Makassar as the leading contributor to the open unemployment rate in the province. To support effective policymaking and early intervention strategies, it is essential to forecast future unemployment trends based on historical data. Therefore, this study aims to forecast the open unemployment rate in Makassar City over the next five years using a machine learning approach. Among the available forecasting methods, the Backpropagation Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was selected due to its proven ability to model complex, non-linear relationships often found in socio-economic data. ANN is particularly effective in handling temporal dynamics without assuming linearity or stationarity, unlike traditional statistical models. In this study, the forecasting process involved data normalization, scenario-based data partitioning, ANN architecture design, and model training and testing. The model with the best performance consisted of 11 neurons in the input layer, 55 neurons in the hidden layer, and 1 neuron in the output layer, using 80% of the data for training and 20% for testing. This configuration yielded a forecasting accuracy of 91.896%, with a MAPE of 8.131% and an MSE of 0.003. The denormalized results forecast a steady decline in the open unemployment rate from 9.078% in 2023 to 7.248% in 2027, indicating a positive trend in employment. Nevertheless, it is important to acknowledge the limitations of forecasting models and the potential influence of external factors that may affect actual outcomes

AN IMPROVED HYBRID CONJUGATE GRADIENT METHOD WITH SPECTRAL STRATEGY AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN COVID-19 PREDICTION

This paper introduces a hybrid conjugate gradient (CG) method for unconstrained optimization with a spectral strategy, inspired by key advancements in existing CG techniques. The proposed method guarantees a descent direction at every iteration, regardless of the line search scheme employed. Its global convergence is rigorously established under the Wolfe line search conditions. Numerical experiments on benchmark optimization problems demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the FR and RMIL methods across multiple performance metrics. Furthermore, its effectiveness is showcased in a neural network framework for predicting chickenpox and COVID-19 infection cases, highlighting its practical applicability in real-world scenarios. &nbsp

Implications of District Court Decisions on the Stages of the 2024 Elections: Perspectives on the Indonesian Election System

Introduction: The stipulation of Decision Number 757/Pdt.G/2022/PN.Jkt.Pst raises many pros and cons, namely related to the decision to postpone the 2024 elections. Through the Decision, the Central Jakarta District Court decided and adjudicated the Unlawful Acts dispute filed by the Adil Makmur People's Party against the General Election Commission. The Central Jakarta District Court should not have the authority to adjudicate disputes filed by the Adil Makmur People's Party because it violates absolute competence. Purposes of the Research: The purpose of this study is to analyze the position of the Decision and its legal consequences on the people's sovereignty in the electoral system in Indonesia. Methods of the Research: The research methods used are normative legal research methods, with a conceptual approach, a statue approach and a case approach. Results Main Findings of the Research: The research found that (1) the General Election Commission was right to appeal, showing that the 2024 election must be in accordance with the constitution, and (2) the postponement of the election violates the sovereignty of the people, as the election system in Indonesia should be carried out every five (5) years, and does not recognize the term postponing the election

IMPLEMENTASI INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES (ITC) DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DI KURIKULUM MERDEKA

The implementation of Information and Communication Tecnologies (ITC) or better known as information and communication technology (ICT) in learning in primary schools is becoming increasingly important along with the rapid development of science and technology The geographical condition of Dobo, which is a 3T area (frontier, outermost, underdeveloped), adds complexity to the implementation of ICT in primary schools. Limited infrastructure and accessibility are major barriers to the implementation of this technology. However, with the rapid advancement of technology, it is important for schools in 3T areas to keep trying to integrate ICT in the learning process. This is in line with research findings showing that the use of ICT can assist in the development of learning media, guidance services, language learning, and online library services. The purpose of this community service activity (PkM) is to implement Information Communication and Tecnologies (ITC) or ICT in learning at SD Inpres Rabiajala, so as to improve the quality of education in 3T areas. With the training and socialisation to teachers, it is expected to create a learning environment that supports the effective use of ICT

Kontribusi Aktivitas Jasmani terhadap Gaya Hidup Sehat Mahasiswa sebagai Investasi Kesehatan Masa Depan

This study aims to explore the contribution of physical activity to students’ healthy lifestyles as a form of long-term health investment. The main focus includes student engagement in structured physical activities, the implementation of healthy living practices, and perceptions of the long-term benefits of physical exercise. A descriptive quantitative approach was employed, involving 140 active students from the Physical Education Study Program at Pattimura University. Data were collected through a closed-ended questionnaire covering three aspects: physical activity (type, frequency, duration), healthy lifestyle indicators (diet, rest, physical activity, and avoidance of risky behaviors), and perceptions of five long-term benefits. The results show that most students are physically active, with dominant activities being fitness and jogging, high frequency (≥4 times/week), and a duration of 30–60 minutes per session. Diet and rest practices were generally good, but avoidance of risky behaviors remained low. Students had positive perceptions of improved endurance and mental health, though awareness of quality of life in old age was still limited. Health education and institutional support need to be strengthened

CLUSTERING OF DISTRICTS IN CENTRAL JAVA ACCORDING TO PEOPLE'S WELFARE INDICATORS USING WARD'S METHOD

One of the main goals of development activities carried out by every country was to improve people's welfare. Community welfare was a situation where citizens could fulfill and adequately fulfill their material and spiritual needs. The poverty rate of Central Java Province was recorded: out of a total population of 37.03 million people, around 3,831.44 thousand people were poor. The population density of Central Java Province reaches 1,120 people per km2, the third largest number of poor people in Indonesia. This study aimed to group regencies/cities in Central Java based on the characteristics of the community welfare indicators. The indicators used in this study were the Open Unemployment Rate (UR), Labor Force Participation Rate (LFPR), Poverty, Human Development Index (HDI), and District Minimum Wage (DMW). The method used in this research was Ward's Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering. The final results concluded that the best number of clusters formed was 6 clusters. The first cluster consists of 13 Regencies/Cities, the second cluster consists of 8 Regencies/Cities, the third cluster consists of 3 Regencies/Cities, the fourth cluster consists of 1 Regency/City, the fifth cluster consists of 5 Regencies/Cities, the sixth cluster consisting of 5 Regencies/Cities

FORECASTING THE COMBINED STOCK PRICE INDEX (IHSG) USING THE RADIAL BASIS FUNCTION NEURAL NETWORK METHOD

The capital market is one of the most critical factors in national economic development in Indonesia, as many industries and companies have previously used the capital market as a medium to absorb investment so that their financial position can be strengthened. The main indicator that can reflect the performance of the capital market is the Composite Stock Price Index (IHSG). The IHSG can be used to assess the general situation occurring in the market. Data IHSG is data obtained from the past and used to predict the future, also called time series data. Predictions on IHSG data need to be made so that investors can easily see capital market movements and know the policies that will be taken in the future. The Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) method is used. RBFNN aims to get more efficient results because this method does not need to make the data stationary. The analysis results were carried out on a secondary data sample size of 1114 data, which obtained the highest forecasting price of Rp6157,619 on August 2, 2023. Meanwhile, the lowest forecast price on August 5, 2023, is IDR 5564,828 from August 1, 2023, to August 5, 2023

MODELING THE NUMBER OF POOR POPULATION IN EAST JAVA USING QUANTILE REGRESSION

The economic development of East Java continues to increase every year. However, this increase is not directly proportional to a significant decrease in poverty rates. Therefore, research is needed to determine the factors influencing poverty in East Java. This is important because it can be used as a consideration for the East Java Provincial Government in designing strategies to reduce poverty. In the case of the number of poor people in East Java, there are outlier data, so the quantile regression method is used to overcome this. This study uses several quantile values, namely 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75. Based on the results of the quantile regression parameter estimation, one significant category at all quantile levels is the Average Length of Schooling variable. From the quantile regression model, four categories of Poor Population are obtained: low, medium, high, and very high. Based on the classification of the Poor Population in East Java in 2023, there are four districts/cities with a low number of poor people, 18 districts/cities with a moderate number of poor people, and 16 districts/cities with a high number of poor people

Pengaruh Kesadaran Wajib Pajak dan Sanksi Perpajakan Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Kendaraan Bermotor

his study aims to analyze the influence of taxpayer awareness and tax sanctions on motor vehicle taxpayer compliance at SAMSAT Waihaong, Ambon City. The research employs a quantitative method with a survey approach. Data were collected through structured questionnaires distributed to 100 randomly selected respondents using a simple random sampling technique. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression. The results indicate that taxpayer awareness (X1) and tax sanctions (X2) have a positive and significant effect on taxpayer compliance (Y). The regression equation obtained is Y = 0.738 + 1.222X1 + 0.128X2, with a coefficient of determination (R²) value of 0.853. This shows that taxpayer awareness and tax sanctions together explain 85.3% of the variability in taxpayer compliance, while the remaining 14.7% is influenced by other factors. Taxpayer awareness has a more dominant effect than tax sanctions, with coefficients of 1.222 and 0.128, respectively. This study recommends enhancing public outreach and education about the benefits of taxes and enforcing clear and firm sanctions to encourage taxpayer compliance. These findings provide significant contributions to tax management in regions with unique socio-economic characteristics such as Ambon Cit

EVALUATION OF TEA HERBAL BASED INGREDIENTS CLOVE LEAVES (Syzygium aromaticum) OF MALUKU INDONESIA

Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) is one of the famous ancient spices and was used before christ. This plant belongs to the Myrtaceae family which is believed to be able to treat a variety of diseases. Cloves grow in tropical areas and range in height from 10-20 meters and are native plants that originated in Maluku. Clove that can be processed into a drink such as one is to make herbal tea from clove leaves. The type of research used is the experimental type, which is a study conducted to determine the results of organoleptic tests and compunds on clove leaf herbal tea. This research was conducted from July 29 to August 9, 2024 at the Basic Biology laboratory of Pattimura University. The results of the study showed that clove leaf herbal tea has a unique color, aroma and taste and meets quality standards because it has been tested at the level of color, aroma and taste preference. In the color of clove leaf herbal tea, it can be seen that the one ( very like) consists of 7 panelists, the result (like) consists of 3 panelists. Aroma it can be seen that for those who answered (very liked) consisting of 5 panelists, the result of the score (like) consisted of 1 panelist and the result (moderately) consisted of 4 panelists. For the results of the taste score, it can be seen that (very liked) consisted of 1 panelist, the result of the score (liked) consisted of 4 panelists, and the result of the score (moderate) consisted of 4 panelists and for the result of the score (disliked) consisted of 1 panelist. The results of the study showed that clove leaf herbal tea has a unique color, aroma and taste and meets quality standards because it has been tested at the level of color, aroma and taste preference. In the color of clove leaf herbal tea, it can be seen that the one ( very like) consists of 7 panelists, the result (like) consists of 3 panelists. Aroma it can be seen that for those who answered (very liked) consisting of 5 panelists, the result of the score (like) consisted of 1 panelist and the result (moderately) consisted of 4 panelists. For the results of the taste score, it can be seen that (very liked) consisted of 1 panelist, the result of the score (liked) consisted of 4 panelists, and the result of the score (moderate) consisted of 4 panelists and for the result of the score (disliked) consisted of 1 panelist