ANALISIS PEMENUHAN HAK ATAS FASILITAS DAN MEDIA DI LEMBAGA PEMASYARAKATAN DALAM RANGKA PENERAPAN HUKUM PIDANA OLEH MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI DI INDONESIA

Penjara memiliki fungsi utama untuk memulihkan sifat kemanusiaan narapidana agar dapat hidup lebih baik di masa mendatang. Sistem pemasyarakatan membedakan penjara berdasarkan tingkat keamanan, salah satunya Fasilitas Tingkat I yang menampung narapidana dengan kebutuhan pengelolaan ketat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pemenuhan fasilitas, termasuk ketersediaan bacaan dan media lainnya bagi narapidana di berbagai negara; menganalisis penerapan hukum pidana terkait pemenuhan hak dan pemberian fasilitas kepada narapidana di Indonesia; serta menguraikan kebijakan Mahkamah Konstitusi terhadap permasalahan kelebihan kapasitas di penjara Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perbandingan hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa regulasi mengenai pemenuhan hak atas fasilitas bagi narapidana bervariasi di setiap negara, dipengaruhi oleh kerangka hukum, perilaku masyarakat, dan latar belakang sosial budaya. Dalam konteks pandemi COVID-19, penjara dengan fasilitas memadai dan kapasitas hunian terkendali cenderung lebih terlindungi dari penularan penyakit, sedangkan penjara dengan tingkat hunian berlebih dan fasilitas terbatas lebih rentan terhadap penyebaran penyakit menular. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya reformasi kebijakan pemasyarakatan untuk memastikan terpenuhinya hak narapidana secara layak sesuai prinsip kemanusiaan dan hukum internasional

Pelanggaran HAM dalam konflik Israel dan Palestina Berdampak Terhadap Hilangnya Hak Asasi Manusia Khususnya Hak Anak

Konflik antara Israel dan Palestina telah menghasilkan dampak yang serius, terutama bagi anak-anak yang terjebak di tengah-tengahnya. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan dampak pelanggaran hak asasi manusia (HAM) dalam konflik Israel-Palestina terhadap anak-anak, serta untuk menyoroti kebutuhan akan perlindungan yang lebih efektif dan upaya perdamaian yang berkelanjutan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah studi literatur yang mencakup analisis terhadap berbagai sumber informasi yang relevan dan terpercaya  tentang dampak pelanggaran HAM terhadap anak-anak Palestina. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa anak-anak sering menjadi korban langsung dari kekerasan fisik dan psikologis, serta menghadapi kendala akses terhadap pendidikan dan perawatan kesehatan yang memadai. Perlindungan yang lebih kuat bagi anak-anak dan upaya aktif menuju perdamaian yang berkelanjutan menjadi imperatif dalam mengatasi tantangan yang dihadapi anak-anak Palestina dalam konflik ini. Kesimpulan menekankan pentingnya komitmen bersama dari komunitas internasional, negara-negara terlibat, dan organisasi kemanusiaan untuk memastikan keselamatan, keamanan, dan kesejahteraan anak-anak Palestina, serta untuk mencapai perdamaian yang berkelanjutan dan adil di wilayah tersebut.

Telaah Kritis Terhadap Libertarian Theori: Suatu Sudut Pandang Dari Presumption Of Innoucence dan Contempt Of Court

Salah satu teori kebebasan pers adalah teori pers bebas (libertarian theory), yang menganggap bahwa pers itu dapat melaksanakan tugas dengan sebebas-bebasnya, tidak didasari oleh aturan hukum. Dalam penerapannya, teori pers bebas ini sering bertentangan dengan asas dan hukum positif Indonesia. Adapun fokus penelitian ini adalah : teori pers bebas dan kontradiksi nya dengan asas presumption of innoucence, Teori Pers Bebas kaitannya dengan Trial by the press (Pengadilan oleh Pers) dan Contempt of Court. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan undang-undang (Statute Approach), dan Pendekatan konsep (Conseptual Approach). Teori pers bebas bertentangan dengan asas presumption of innoucence dan dapat memicu timbulnya contempt of court. Oleh karena itu, kebebasan pers tidak dilarang, termasuk juga didalam proses persidangan. Namun harus diiringi dengan tanggung jawab berdasarkan hukum yang berlaku serta kode etik jurnalistik, seperti yang diungkapkan oleh teori kebebasan pers yang bertanggung jawab

Combating Phoenix Activity in Bangladesh: Insights from Australian Recent Reforms

  Many businesspeople employ deceptive tactics to generate profit. Among the worst offenders are those engaged in illegal phoenixing—a deliberate scheme to evade creditors by transferring company assets be-fore the company is liquidated. The absence of robust legal safeguards against this unethical and economically harmful practice exacerbates creditors’ losses, often impacting small depositors. It is, therefore, the state’s responsibility to close legal loopholes and strengthen laws to curb phoenixing by unscrupulous corporate directors. Recognising this, Aus-tralia reinforced its corporate legal framework in 2020 by amending its corporations’ legislation to combat illegal phoenixing. The reform im-poses statutory duties on corporate officers, including directors, to pre-vent creditor-defeating dispositions and holds individuals personally liable—both criminally and civilly—for engaging in, procuring, facilitat-ing, or encouraging such asset transfers. In contrast, Bangladesh lacks specific legal prohibitions against phoenixing, despite facing a more se-vere problem than Australia. Instead of tackling corporate misconduct, regulatory efforts have primarily focused on disciplining lenders in loan approvals, leaving delinquent borrowers or indebted companies un-checked. This article primarily examines Australia’s recent anti-phoenixing reforms and proposes legal overhauls for Bangladesh to ad-dress this persistent issue. The recommendations aim to prevent fraudu-lent asset transfers, safeguard financial institutions, and hold accounta-ble culpable corporate directors and officers. The findings may also benefit other jurisdictions confronting similar challenges

Homo Machina: Italian Perspectives on Drone Warfare within International Humanitarian and Human Rights Law

The rise of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) poses substantial challenges to international legal frameworks governing armed conflicts, particularly in balancing sovereignty and human rights. This paper examines the influence of military technology on jus ad bellum, focusing on territorial sovereignty under Article 2(4) of the UN Charter and self-defence under Article 51. It also evaluates compliance with jus in bello, or international humanitarian law (IHL), including the principles of distinction, proportionality, and necessity. Moreover, it documents the views of thirty Italians on UAVs through online qualitative interviews. The arguments are based on posthumanism, which helps define a new anthropological view that is decentralised and deconstructed. Precisely, the philosophy recognises the increasingly narrow differences between humans and non-humans, men and machines. Thematic Analysis drives the investigation of patterns within the data set, offering a flexible yet rigorous approach to personal insights. Outcomes reveal that UAVs enable many military achievements but endanger society. Participants viewed their use outside war zones as both illegal and morally indefensible, expressing concerns over the dehumanisation inherent in remote targeting. They argued that engaging with suspected terrorists without judicial oversight might violate due process. Hence, they stressed the importance of more nuanced national and international regulatory mechanisms.

TANGGUNG JAWAB AGEN PERJALANAN WISATA ATAS KELALAIAN PIHAK REKANAN DALAM MENJALANKAN PAKET PERJALANAN WISATA

A travel agent is a part of a company whose business activities are planning, organizing and selling various types of travel packages. Tourist travel agents have cooperation agreements with partners as an agreement that creates rights and obligations for the parties. It is still common that the facilities received by tourists as consumers are not in accordance with what has been promised by partners when carrying out tour packages. Considering this, the issue discussed is how to regulate legal relations between PT. Bintan Medan Tourism Holidays with partners in organizing tour packages, whether PT. Bintan Medan Tourism Holidays can be held responsible for the partner's negligence in organizing the tour package, what is the mechanism for resolving problems at PT. Bintan Holiday Tour if there is negligence on the part of the partner in organizing the tour package. The research method used is normative juridical research which refers to legal norms which is carried out by means of literature study in order to obtain secondary data in the form of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials related to the problems studied. This research has a descriptive nature. Writing research through regulations and legal materials related to this writing, in research conducting field studies at PT. Bintan Medan Tourism Vacation, the data analysis method used is a qualitative method obtained from the results of interviews with PT. Bintan Medan Tourism Holidays. The research results found that there was negligence on the part of partners in carrying out tour packages. PT. Bintan Medan Tourism Holidays receives compensation for products or services if there are consumers who suffer losses due to negligence by partners. The partner party will be fully responsible for all forms of losses in accordance with the provisions and will be settled outside of court in accordance with what has been agreed

The Principle of Proportionality in Drug Control Policy in the Philippines and Indonesia

The war on drugs has become a global concern, particularly in Southeast Asia, where drug-related crimes are considered a serious threat to national and international security. Two cases that will be discussed relate to the anti-drug campaigns in the Philippines and Indonesia, both of which have attracted attention due to their controversial law enforcement methods. This study aims to compare the application of the principle of proportionality in drug law enforcement in both countries, focusing on whether the actions taken align with international human rights standards. This research employs a juridical-comparative method, analysing legal policies, government policies, and human rights-related case facts from both countries. In the Philippines, the campaign under President Duterte's administration raised significant concerns regarding extrajudicial killings and the excessive use of power, which deviates from the principle of proportional enforcement. In contrast, Indonesia adopts a more judicial approach, although it still faces criticism for harsh verdicts and the implementation of the death penalty. The findings will reveal significant differences in how the principle of proportionality is interpreted and applied, influenced by political will, law, and institutional accountability. While both countries claim to uphold the rule of law, the level of adherence to the principle of proportionality varies greatly. This study concludes that a balanced and human rights-based approach is essential for sustainable and ethical enforcement of drug policy in Southeast Asia

PERAN STRATEGIS NOTARIS DALAM OPTIMALISASI BPHTB: TELAAH RASIO HUKUM KEWAJIBAN PELAPORAN PPJB KEPADA KEPALA DAERAH

Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 35 Tahun 2023 tentang Ketentuan Umum Pajak dan Retribusi Daerah mengatur kewajiban baru bagi notaris untuk melaporkan pembuatan Akta Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli (PPJB) tanah dan/atau bangunan kepada Kepala Daerah. Kewajiban ini menimbulkan perdebatan karena PPJB secara hukum belum menyebabkan peralihan hak yang sempurna. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk mengkaji rasio hukum pengaturan tersebut dalam perspektif keadilan fiskal dan administrasi perpajakan daerah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode normatif-empiris dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan yang dikombinasikan dengan data empiris melalui wawancara dengan notaris dan pejabat Badan Pendapatan Daerah. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis rasio hukum kewajiban pelaporan PPJB oleh notaris, implikasinya terhadap kepentingan pemungutan pajak daerah, serta menilai kesesuaiannya dengan prinsip keadilan substantif dan prosedural. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaturan kewajiban ini memiliki rasio hukum yang kuat dalam konteks optimalisasi pendapatan daerah dan transparansi transaksi perolehan hak atas tanah dan/atau bangunan. Namun demikian, terdapat kebutuhan untuk harmonisasi peraturan agar kewajiban tersebut tidak bertentangan dengan asas kepastian hukum dalam peralihan hak atas tanah. Selain itu, rekomendasi diberikan agar peraturan pelaksanaannya disusun lebih rinci untuk menghindari potensi multitafsir dan meningkatkan efektivitas pelaporan

QUESTIONING THE ROLE OF ADAT CRIMINAL LAW IN INDONESIA’S CRIMINAL CODE REFORM: A POST-KUHP 2023 PERSPECTIVE

The enactment of Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the New Indonesian Criminal Code (KUHP 2023) marks a significant shift in Indonesia’s legal landscape, particularly concerning the recognition and integration of Adat Criminal Law within the national legal framework. This study explores the future prospects of Indonesia’s criminal law reform, focusing on the coexistence of statutory and customary law, judicial application of adat norms, human rights considerations, local governance roles, public perception, and policy directions. Using a normative juridical approach, the research examines the legal, sociological, and political justifications for adat law recognition, its challenges in enforcement, and the implications for Indonesia’s legal pluralism. Key findings highlight the complexities of judicial discretion in applying adat law, the need for harmonization with constitutional protections, and public attitudes toward adat-based justice mechanisms. Additionally, this study proposes policy recommendations for ensuring legal certainty, judicial training, and technological advancements in adat law documentation. By addressing these challenges, Indonesia can establish a balanced legal system that respects customary traditions while aligning with national and international legal standards

Indonesia’s 2024 Election: Constitutional Court Perspectives on Electoral Violations

In 2024, Indonesia held a historic general election in which, for the first time, presidential, vice-presidential, and legislative elections were conducted simultaneously across all regions of the country. However, the election was marred by indications of various violations that raised concerns about its integrity. This study investigates violations that occurred during Indonesia’s 2024 general elections by analysing Constitutional Court rulings on electoral disputes. Employing a qualitative case study approach supported by NVivo 12 Plus for data analysis, the research identifies key institutional actors involved in the disputes, including the General Election Commission, the Election Supervisory Body, political parties, and other stakeholders. The findings categorize electoral violations into three major types: administrative, ethical, and criminal. Administrative violations are largely attributed to procedural complexities, inadequate preparation, and limited time for implementation, leading to errors in electoral management. Ethical violations arise from misconduct by election officials and political actors, often breaching the standards outlined in the Indonesian Electoral Law. Criminal violations, the most severe, include state apparatus interference, vote-buying, and voter disenfranchisement, all of which severely compromise electoral integrity and democratic principles. These violations have resulted in significant legal consequences, such as mandated re-voting in specific regions, vote recounts, and the disqualification of candidates. The study highlights systemic weaknesses in Indonesia’s electoral governance and underscores the urgent need for institutional reforms to ensure fair, transparent, and accountable electoral processes. Ultimately, the research contributes to a deeper understanding of the challenges facing democratic consolidation in Indonesia and the legal mechanisms available to address electoral disputes