Zelus renardii (Kolenati, 1857) (Heteroptera, Reduviidae) can be used in biological control against seed pest Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heidemann, 1910)

Heidemann tarafından 1910 yılında tanımlanan Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heidemann, 1910) İkinci Dünya Savaşından sonra hızlı bir şekilde yayılmaya başlamış, Avrupa’da ilk kez 1999 yılında görülmesine rağmen on yıl içerisinde tüm kıtayı sarmıştır. Ekolojik şartlara hızlı adapte olması ve beslendiği türlerin fazlalığı yayılışında etkili olmuştur. Ülkemizde ilk kez 2009 yılında görülmüş, geçen süre içerisinde tüm ülkede yayılmayı başarmış ve ibreli tür tohumlarında zararları ortaya çıkmıştır. Erken dönem kozalak dökümüne neden olması, olgunlaşan kozalakların embriyo ve endosperm kısımlarına zarar vermesi nedeniyle tohum oluşumu ve çimlenmesini önemli ölçüde azaltmaktadır. Ormancılık çalışmaları açısından irdelendiğinde; böcek zararı nedeniyle tohum kaynağındaki azalmaların ormanlarımızdaki doğal gençleştirme ve fidanlık çalışmalarını olumsuz etkileyeceği aşikârdır. Böceğin doğal düşmanları henüz oluşmadığından popülasyon dengelenememekte ve her yıl zarar yapmaktadır. Ülkemizde olduğu gibi dünyada da henüz etkili bir mücadele yöntemi ortaya konulmuş değildir. Kimyasal mücadeleden ekolojik dengeyi bozacağı endişesi ile kaçınılmaktadır. Bu nedenle biyolojik ve biyoteknik mücadele yöntemleri üzerinde durulmaktadır. Bu mücadele yöntemlerinin biri de L. occidentalis’in doğal düşmanlarının predatör olarak kullanılmasıdır. Bu doğal predatörlerden biri ülkemizde yayılmaya başlayan Zelus renardii (Kolenati, 1857)’dir. Genel bir predatör olması ve L. occidentalis ile nimf dönemlerinin çakışması bu türün L. occidentalis’e karşı predatör olarak kullanılabilirliğinin araştırılmasını zorunlu kılmaktadır. Bu amaçla elde edilen Z. renardi nimf ve erginlerinin kendi türüne ve L. occidentalis’e karşı predatör davranışları gözlemlenmiştir.Leptoglossus occidentalis, described by Heidemann in 1910, began to spread rapidly after the Second World War, and although it was first seen in Europe in 1999, it spread the entire continent within ten years. Its rapid adaptation to ecological conditions and the abundance of the species it feeds on have been effective in its spread. It was seen for the first time in our country in 2009, has managed to spread throughout the country in the course of time and its damage has been revealed in coniferous species seeds. It significantly reduces seed formation and germination, as it causes early cone casting and damages the embryo and endosperm parts of mature cones. When examined in terms of forestry studies; It is obvious that the reduction in seed source due to insect damage will adversely affect the natural regeneration and nursery activities in forests. Since the natural enemies of the insect have not yet emerged, the population cannot be balanced and it causes damage every year. As in our country, an effective method of struggle has not yet been put forward in the world. Chemical control is avoided with the concern that it will disrupt the ecological balance. For this reason, biological and biotechnical control methods are emphasized. One of these control methods is to use the natural enemies of L. occidentalis as predators. One of these natural predators is Zelus renardii (Kolenati, 1857), which started to spread in our country. The fact that it is a general predator and the overlap of L. occidentalis and nymphal stages necessitates the investigation of the usability of this species as a predator against L. occidentalis. Predatory behaviors of Z. renardi nymphs and adults obtained for this purpose were observed against their own species and L. occidentalis

Health risk assessment of soil trace elements using the Sequential Gaussian Simulation approach

In this study, the performance of the Sequential Gaussian Simulation (SGS) approach was studied with the aim of accurately determining local health risk distributions associated with trace elements (V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, and Pb). This study plays a crucial role in determining the distribution of health risk levels, especially from heavy metals. In the SGS approach, health risk levels (non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic) were calculated for pixel sizes of 250 × 250 m2. Results were compared to the conventional Ordinary Kriging (OK) method. The cross-validation performances of both methods were compared. Non-carcinogenic health risks calculated according to SGS and OK for children were, respectively, ρc: 0.57 and 0.23, RMSE: 0.45 and 0.57, and MAE: 0.33 and 0.43. In the case of adults, non-carcinogenic SGS and OK results were, respectively, ρc: 0.53 and 0.24, RMSE: 0.06 and 0.07, and MAE: 0.04 and 0.05 for adults. Carcinogenic health risk estimates obtained by SGS and OK were, respectively, ρc: 0.72 and 0.31, RMSE: 4.1 × 10−5 and 5.8 × 10−5, and MAE: 3.2 × 10−5 and 4.3 × 10−5 in the case of children, and in the case of adults the results were, respectively, ρc: 0.71 and 0.30, RMSE: 5 × 10−6 and 4.3 × 10−6, and MAE: 4 × 10−6 and 5 × 10−6. These results indicated that SGS offered a more accurate approach in determining health risk distributions

The mediating role of green product innovation (GPI) between green human resources management (GHRM) and green supply chain management (GSCM): evidence from automotive industry companies in Turkey

Today, the establishment of strong supply chain structures should be supported by a strong human resources management approach, as well as encompassing environmentalist and innovative approaches. At this point, this study has two main aims that include these requirements. The first aim is to determine whether the green human resources management (GHRM) of companies operating in the automotive industry has a direct impact on green supply chain management (GSCM). The second aim is to determine whether green product innovation (GPI) has a mediating effect in the relation GHRM and GSCM. Structural equation modelling is used to test the developed hypotheses. GHRM of automotive companies operating in Turkey has a significant positive effect on GSCM. In addition, GPI has a full mediating role in the relationship between GHRM and GSCM. Green-oriented should be establishment in the supply chain structures. Green-oriented human resources management approach is necessary to develop a green-oriented SCM. GHRM approach should be strengthened with GPI activities for GSCM. © 2022 Kedge Business School

Increased dehydrin level decreases leaf rolling grade by altering the reactive oxygen species homeostasis and abscisic acid content in maize subjected to osmotic stress

Abstract Dehydrins (DHNs) are stress proteins involved in the development of protective reactions in plants against dehydration. The relationship between DHNs and morphological responses such as leaf rolling in plants exposed to water defcit is not well known. In this study, we detected how variations in DHN levels afect the leaf rolling response in maize exposed to osmotic stress in relation to the antioxidant system and ABA level. In this context, we altered the DHN levels in maize seedlings by treatment with bio-regulators (salicylic acid and abscisic acid) under PEG6000-free and PEG6000-induced osmotic stress. When the DHN levels were increased by the bio-regulators (25 µM SA and 100 µM ABA), the relative expression level of the Zea mays dehydrin COR410 gene increased in the seedlings, while reactive oxygen species (ROS) and leaf rolling grade decreased. Moreover, induction of DHNs caused increases in the antioxidant enzyme activity and content of antioxidant substances, and very high amounts of endogenous abscisic acid. When DHN level was suppressed by a bio-regulator (200 µM SA) in the maize seedlings, dehydrin COR410 expression level decreased, while ROS and the leaf rolling grade increased. Moreover, the antioxidant enzyme activity and content of antioxidant substances decreased in the seedlings, while the amount of abscisic acid increased. Taken all together, an increase in DHN level by bio-regulator treatment can stimulate the antioxidant system, enable abscisic acid regulation, and thus reduce leaf rolling through decreased ROS levels. The results also indicated that DHNs may be involved in the signal pathways inducing expression of some genes related to leaf rolling response, possibly by modulating ROS levels, in maize seedlings exposed to osmotic stress

The green deal and carbon footprint from Turkey’s perspective: ıs ıt a threat? ıs ıt an opportunity?

Küresel ölçekte ekonomik büyüme gerçeği ile ekolojik özümseme kapasitesi arasındaki ilişkiyi ve anlaşmazlığı afetler ve küresel iklim değişikliği ile görmek mümkündür. Ekonominin ekolojik yasalardan muaf tutulması metabolik bir çatlak olarak nitelendirilirken küresel iklim değişikliğini azaltma stratejilerinin ağır-aksak ilerlemesi ve ülkelerin politik bakış açılarının değişkenliği nedeni ile daha hızlı aksiyon alınması için yeşil arayışlar öncelikli gündemdedir. Yeşil arayışlar yalnızca kentsel ve kırsal peyzajlar için değil artık ekonomik dönüşümünde güçlü bir silahı haline gelmiştir. Paris Anlaşması’nın bir uzantısı olarak Yeşil Mutabakat, Avrupa Birliği (AB)’nin çevre kaygılarını tüm politika alanlarına yaygınlaştırmayı hedeflediği güçlü bir çaba ve söylem olarak öne çıkmıştır. Bu söylemin altyapısında ise karbon ayak izi bulunmaktadır. Karbon ayak izi, kişinin, kurumun, ürünün veya endüstriyel bir tesisin doğaya saldığı sera gazı miktarıdır. Bu çalışmada Türkiye gerçeğinde Avrupa Yeşil Mutabakatı’nın yeri ve konumu irdelenerek mutabakatın altyapısını oluşturan karbon ayak izinin arka planı ortaya koyulmuştur. Bu kapsamda çalışmada karbon ayak izinin hesaplanması konusundaki karışıklıklar sadeleştirilmiştir. Ek olarak, Türkiye’de iklim değişikliği ile mücadele kapsamında yeni ve güncel bakış açılarının geliştirilmesi için AB ülkelerinde yeşil arayışlar olarak öne çıkan mutabakat, pakt ve yeşil alanlar ilişkisi ortaya koyulmuştur. Endüstrinin yeni yeşil devrimi olarak nitelendirilen Avrupa Yeşil Mutabakatı, Türkiye ekonomisi açısından ilk bakışta tehdit gibi görünmesine rağmen ekosistem kaynaklarının sürdürülebilirliği açısından umut verici bir fırsat olarak değerlendirilebilir.The relationship between economic growth on a global scale and absorption capacity of ecological capacity is possible to be seen in disaster and global climate change. The exemption of economy from ecological laws is a metabolic crack. Therefore, green quest remains relevant because country policies are changeable and global climate change mitigation strategies inch along. The green quest became a powerful weapon not only in the urban and rural landscape but also in economic transformation. The Green Deal as an extension of the Paris Agreement which came to the forefront as an anchor and discourse that aims at dissemination to all political areas of European Union’s (EU) environmental concern. The infrastructure of this discourse is the carbon footprint. The carbon footprint is a measure of the exclusive total amount of carbon dioxide emissions that are directly and indirectly caused by an activity or product. In this study, the place and position of the European Green Consensus in the reality of Turkey has been examined and the background of the carbon footprint, which constitutes the infrastructure of the Green Deal has been revealed. Confusions about carbon footprint calculating have been simplified and a holistic perspective. In this context, the relationship between consensus, pact and green areas, which stand out as green pursuits in EU countries, has been revealed in order to develop new and current perspectives within the scope of combating climate change in Turkey. The European Green Deal which is called the new green revolution can be assessed as a promising opportunity with regards to sustainable ecosystem resources and climate justice for next-generation although it seems like a threat at first glance for the Turkish economy

Investigation of empty container shortage based on SWARA-ARAS methods in the COVID-19 era

A shortage of empty containers has become a global crisis with more devastating effects than during previous periods when combined with various problems arising from the COVID-19, such as an increase in an imbalance of global trade between supply and demand, a decrease in the workforce, and restrictions by countries or regional quarantine practices. The absence of empty containers in regions where they are needed slows down industrial activities and locks the global supply networks, necessitating the use of alternative methods that are inefficient. Although this shortage causes many disruptions in global trade, solutions to the issue have not been studied in detail. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the issues caused by the shortage of empty containers and to rank the appropriate solutions. Four main criteria and sixteen subcategories used to define the issues, as well as a multi criteria decision model comprising five criteria for the solutions, were proposed based on information from the literature, sectorial publications, and expert opinions. The issues’ weighted order of importance in our proposed model was calculated using the SWARA (Step-wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis) method; solutions were ranked using the ARAS (Additive Ratio Assessment) method. The results of the study revealed that the issues were ranked in importance as cost increases, uncertainty in the supply chain, volume loss, and increases in blank sailing announcements. Appropriate solutions were ranked as booking guarantee applications and information communication technologies, using shipper-owned containers, inducement calls, and E2E (end to end) delivery services

Counter attack of Sufi-oriented traditional movements against the salafi movement in England

İngiltere’deki azınlık topluluklar arasında en fazla nüfusa sahip olan Müslüman toplumun kendi içinde mezhebi unsurların etkin olduğu bir gerçekliktir. Son çeyrek yüzyılda özellikle küresel çapta adından sıklıkla bahsettiren Selefilik hareketinin İngiltere’de yaşayan Müslümanlar üzerine etki ettiği bilinmektedir. Temel hedefleri arasında inanç ve ibadetler açısından standart bir Müslüman yapısı oluşturmak isteyen Selefilik hareketi, özellikle İngiltere’de dünyaya gelmiş genç Müslümanları hedef kitlesi olarak görmekte ve onları kendi saflarına dâhil etmek için bir gayret sarf etmektedir. Diğer taraftan karşısında geleneksel din anlayışını korumak isteyen Barelvî ve Deobandî gibi Hint-alt kıtası kökenli Sûfî eğilimli akımlar da Selefilik akımının karşısına çıkıp onların radikal olarak adlandırılabilecek anlayış ve uygulamalarını eleştirmektedir. Bu makalede İngiltere’de İslâm’ı temsil etme noktasında Selefilik hareketinin faaliyetleri ile geleneksel din anlayışını muhafaza etmek isteyen Sûfî eğilimli hareketlerin karşı atakları incelenecektir.It is a fact that the sectarian elements are effective in the Muslim community, which has the largest population among the minorities in England. It is known that he Salafi movement, which has gained a global reputation in the last quarter century, has had an impact on Muslims living in England. The Salafi movement, which wants to create a standard Muslim structure in terms of belief and worship among its main goals, sees young Muslims born in England as its target audience and makes an effort to include them in its ranks. On the other hand, Sufi tendencies of Indo-subcontinent origin such as Barelvi and Deobandi, who want to preserve the traditional understanding of religion against them, also oppose the Salafi movement and criticize their understanding and practices that can be called radical. In this article, the activities of the Salafi movement at the point of representing Islam in England and the counter-attacks of the Sufi-oriented movements that want to preserve the traditional understanding of religion will be examined

Implementation of the ogc standard 3d tiles with hierarchical data structures in web based management of 3d spatial data

3B Kent Modelleri (3BKM) pek çok kent objesinden oluşan yüksek veri hacmine sahip verilerdir. Bu durum 3BKM’lerinin web tabanlı olarak yönetilmesi ve görüntülenmesinde performans sorunları yaratmaktadır. Bu nedenle 3BKM’lerinin bölümlenerek (tiling) daha küçük bölümlere ayrılmaları gerekmektedir. 3D Tiles büyük boyutlardaki 3B veri kümelerinin web üzerinden transferi için tasarlanmış bir spesifikasyon ve OGC standardıdır. 3D Tiles’ın temeli, yalnızca görüntüde görünecek olan bölümlerin web üzerinden transfer edilmesini sağlayan hiyerarşik detay seviyelerine dayanmaktadır. 3BKM’lerinin 3D Tiles spesifikasyonuna göre bölümlenmesini sağlayan herhangi bir açık kaynak kodlu (AKK) web tabanlı yazılım bileşeni bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmada 3D Tiles spesifikasyonuna uygun olarak 3B bölümleme yapan web tabanlı açık kaynak kodlu (AKK) yazılım bileşeni geliştirilmiştir. Bölümleme için R-Tree ve Adaptive QuadTree hiyerarşik veri yapıları kullanılmıştır. Üretilen 3B bölümler Cesium.js AKK JavaScript kütüphanesi kullanılarak görselleştirilmiştir. Adaptive Quadtree ve R-Tree veri yapıları 3B bölümleme açısından irdelenmiş, oluşturulma süreleri, veri güncelleme süreleri ve konumsal sorgu performansları karşılaştırılmıştır. Böylelikle geliştirilecek uygulamanın genel özelliklerine göre hangi veri yapısının seçilmesi gerektiği belirlenmiştir.3D City Models (3DCMs) consisting of many city objects are huge in size. This situation causes performance problems in web-based management and displaying of 3DCMs. 3DCMs must be decomposed to smaller data chunks called ”tiles”. 3D Tiles is a specification and OGC standard designed for transferring large 3D datasets over the web. 3D Tiles is based on hierarchical detail levels that allow only the parts that will appear in the image to be transferred over the web. There is no open-source web-based component for tiling 3DCMs according to 3D Tiles. In this study, a web-based 3D Tiling component that tiles 3DCMs according to 3D Tiles has been developed. R-Tree and Adaptive QuadTree hierarchical data structures have been used to decompose 3DCM. Generated 3D tiles have been rendered using open source Cesium.js JavaScript library. Adaptive QuadTree and RTree data structures have been investigated in the context of tiling and their performance have been compared in terms of construction times, data update times and spatial query performances. Thus, which data structure should be selected has been determined according to the general characteristics of the application to be developed

Analysis of soil moisture in semi-arid areas with multi-temporal RADARSAT-2 data

: Toprak nemi içeriği yeryüzünde enerji değişimi ve su döngüsü açısından çok önemli bir faktördür ve doğal risklerin değerlendirilmesi, hidroloji, ekoloji, tarım ve iklim bilimi gibi pek çok alanda büyük etkiye sahiptir. Toprak nemi özellikle arazi kullanımlarında konumsal ve zamansal olarak çok fazla değişerek çeşitli çevresel ve ekolojik sorunlara yol açabilmektedir. Bu nedenlerden dolayı, toprak nem içeriğinin konumsal değişiminin geniş ölçeklerde incelenmesi önemli bir araştırma konusudur. Sentetik Açıklıklı Radar (SAR) algılayıcıları toprak nemine duyarlı oldukları ve geniş alanları kapsadıkları için toprak neminin tespit edilmesinde önemli rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Tarım İşletmeleri Genel Müdürlüğü Gözlü Tarım İşletmesi’nde seçilen buğday ekili ve nadasa bırakılmış tarlaların toprak nem içeriğinin konumsal ve zamansal değişiminin tam polarimetrik RADARSAT-2 görüntüleri ile belirlenebilirliğinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. 2016 yılı Mart ve Ekim ayları arasında yapılan aylık arazi ölçümlerinden elde edilen yersel ölçüm değerleri SAR gerisaçılım değerleri ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, doğrudan geri saçılım ile nem değerleri arasında -0.65 ile 0.67 arasında değişen negatif ve pozitif korelasyon katsayıları elde edilmiştir. Toprak nemi için ekili alanda buğdayın büyüme evresi olan Mayıs-Haziran döneminde daha yüksek korelasyon belirlenmiş olup, her iki alan için en iyi sonuç VV polarimetrik verisi ile elde edilmiştir.Soil moisture content is a very important factor in terms of energy exchange and water cycle on Earth and has a great impact in many areas regarding assessment of natural risks, hydrology, ecology, agriculture, and climate science. Soil moisture can greatly change spatially and temporally, especially depending on land use changes, and the changing soil moisture may cause various environmental and ecological problems. In this respect, it is an important research subject to examine the spatial change of soil moisture content on large scales. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) sensors play an important role in detecting soil moisture because they are sensitive to soil moisture and they cover large areas. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the determination of the spatial and temporal variation of soil moisture content using fully polarimetric RADARSAT-2 images in wheat cultivated field and fallow land located in The General Directorate of Agricultural Enterprises Gözlü Agricultural Enterprise. The in-situ measurements obtained monthly from field surveys between March and October 2016 were compared with the backscatter values of SAR images. As a result of the study, negative and positive correlation coefficients varying from -0.65 to 0.67 were obtained between backscatter values and in-situ soil moisture values. The highest correlations for soil moisture were obtained in the cultivated area during the May-June period, which is the growing stage of wheat, and the best results for both areas were determined with VV polarimetric data

Online learning satisfaction and internet addiction during Covid-19 Pandemic: a two-wave longitudinal study

Stay-at-home orders and quarantines have not only shifted traditional face-to-face learning to online learning, but have also led to greatly increased consumption of digital devices during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Thus, many students who were new to online learning were forced into a new environment. The purpose of this two-wave longitudinal study is to investigate the effects of internet addiction on online students' learning satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of two hundred and forty-nine undergraduate-level students from 51 of the 81 cities in Turkey completed an online questionnaire. The data used cross-lagged structural equation modeling. The results indicated that internet addiction at Time 1 decreased online students' learning satisfaction at Time 2. The results also revealed that online students' learning satisfaction (Time 1) did not affect internet addiction (Time 2). It is concluded that internet-addicted students had lower learning satisfaction in online learning environments. Thus, it is essential for institutions to provide effective online instruction, psychological coping tools, and social and behavioral support, which may help reduce internet addiction and minimize its negative impacts on online learning environments during the pandemic