Problem-Based Learning as a Learning Innovation Strategy To Improve the Motivation and Learning Outcomes of Distance Learning

Distance learning, which lasted long during the COVID-19 emergency, has led to student boredom in participating in the learning process. The impact is a decrease in learning outcomes, so innovative learning methods are needed to minimize this. This study will analyze the application of problem-based learning by considering learning outcomes and student motivation. The subjects of this study were 5th-semester Mechanical Engineering students. The design of this study used classroom action using the Kemmis and McTaggart models, which consisted of three steps: planning, acting and observing, reflecting, and carried out in two cycles. The research data was then analyzed quantitatively based on predetermined indicators. Based on this research study, it was found that learning outcomes data increased by 36% from cycle I to cycle II. The results of student learning motivation in Process I were 27.3% had high learning cycles, 63.7% had moderate learning cycles, and 9.9%. In cycle II, students' learning motivation increased from high, medium, and low, respectively, by 45%, 52%, and 3%. Based on the results of the analysis, this means that problem-based learning strategies improve learning outcomes and student learning motivation.Pembelajaran jarak jauh merupakan salah satu kebijakan pendidikan selama masa darurat COVID-19. Hal ini dilakukan sebagai upaya untuk menjaga proses pendidikan agar tidak berhenti meski dalam suasana pandemi. Namun, pembelajaran jarak jauh yang telah berlangsung cukup lama juga menimbulkan masalah. Kejenuhan peserta didik dalam mengikuti proses pembelajaran akan berdampak pada penurunan hasil belajar, sehingga diperlukan metode pembelajaran yang inovatif untuk meminimalisir hal tersebut. salah satunya dengan menerapkan problem based learning. Penelitian ini akan menganalisis bagaimana menerapkan pembelajaran berbasis masalah dengan mempertimbangkan hasil dan motivasi belajar siswa. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan tindakan kelas menggunakan model Kemmis dan McTaggart yang terdiri dari tiga langkah, yaitu: merencanakan, bertindak dan mengamati, merefleksikan yang dilakukan dalam dua siklus. Data penelitian kemudian dianalisis secara kuantitatif berdasarkan indikator yang telah ditentukan. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, ditemukan bahwa penerapan pembelajaran jarak jauh dengan metode pembelajaran berbasis masalah dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa di masa pandemi COVID-19 dan meminimalisir kebosanan siswa yang menyebabkan rendahnya motivasi peserta didik. Data hasil belajar meningkat sebesar 36% dari siklus I ke siklus II. Hasil motivasi belajar siswa pada siklus I adalah 27,3% siswa yang memiliki siklus belajar tinggi, 63,7% memiliki siklus belajar sedang dan 9,9%. Pada siklus II, motivasi belajar siswa meningkat dari tinggi, sedang dan rendah masing-masing sebesar 45%, 52%, dan 3%

Performance Analysis of Hydrokinetic Turbine Using Shroud Ratio Comparison under Yaw Misalignment Condition

This research aims to analyze the performance of hydrokinetic turbines under yaw misalignment conditions using descriptive statistical methods on coefficient of power (Cp) data. Tests were conducted at water velocities of 0.7, 0.9, and 1.1 m/s for three types of turbine shrouds consisting of turbines without shrouds, turbines with two different types of shrouds, at yaw angles from 0° to 25° with 5° intervals. The study concludes that the performance of each turbine type is significantly influenced by the combination of water flow velocity and yaw angle. The diffuser type has the highest Cp value at every yaw angle, but its performance decreases with increasing yaw angle. The Blade type has poorer performance compared to the diffuser at every yaw angle and has the best performance at a combination of 1.1 m/s velocity and 5° yaw angle. Meanwhile, the shroud type has more stable performance and is not greatly affected by variations in velocity and yaw angle. Based on the analysis of changes in average Cp values with changes in yaw angle at V 0.7 m/s, all three turbine types experienced an increase in Cp value at a yaw angle of 5, with the shroud experiencing the most significant increase. At V 0.9 m/s, the diffuser and shroud types were able to maintain their average Cp values at every yaw angle, while the blade type decreased with increasing yaw angle and experienced a significant decrease at a yaw angle of 25. At V 1.1 m/s, the diffuser and blade types experienced a decrease in performance with every increase in yaw angle, but the shroud type was able to maintain the same Cp value and even experienced a significant increase at a yaw angle of 5.This research aims to analyze the performance of hydrokinetic turbines under yaw misalignment conditions using descriptive statistical methods on coefficient of power (Cp) data. Tests were conducted at water velocities of 0.7, 0.9, and 1.1 m/s for three types of turbine shrouds consisting of turbines without shrouds, turbines with two different types of shrouds, at yaw angles from 0° to 25° with 5° intervals. The study concludes that the performance of each turbine type is significantly influenced by the combination of water flow velocity and yaw angle. The diffuser type has the highest Cp value at every yaw angle, but its performance decreases with increasing yaw angle. The Blade type has poorer performance compared to the diffuser at every yaw angle and has the best performance at a combination of 1.1 m/s velocity and 5° yaw angle. Meanwhile, the shroud type has more stable performance and is not greatly affected by variations in velocity and yaw angle. Based on the analysis of changes in average Cp values with changes in yaw angle at V 0.7 m/s, all three turbine types experienced an increase in Cp value at a yaw angle of 5, with the shroud experiencing the most significant increase. At V 0.9 m/s, the diffuser and shroud types were able to maintain their average Cp values at every yaw angle, while the blade type decreased with increasing yaw angle and experienced a significant decrease at a yaw angle of 25. At V 1.1 m/s, the diffuser and blade types experienced a decrease in performance with every increase in yaw angle, but the shroud type was able to maintain the same Cp value and even experienced a significant increase at a yaw angle of 5

Experimental Study of Cooling Performance and Electrical Parameters in a Microcontroller-Driven Inverter AC System

Recent advancements in air conditioning (AC) technologies, such as inverters, enable the compressor to remain activated despite reaching the setpoint temperature. This study investigates the cooling performance and electrical parameters of a split inverter AC system controlled by a microcontroller in order to determine the operational performance characteristics of the air conditioning system. An ATmega 2560 microcontroller integrated with PZEM, DS18B20, and LCD I2C sensors monitors was 8,525 Btu/h capacity split inverter AC. During a 1-hour experimental run, the temperature differential between supply air (Tsupply) and return air (Treturn) stabilized at approximately 17 °C, with Tsupply reaching a minimum of 8.5 °C. Treturn remained relatively constant after 500 s with no fluctuations. Moreover, power draw maintained an average of 750 W (1 PK) with no variations, exhibiting an inverse relationship with Tsupply. The maximum energy consumption recorded during the experiment was 1,373 kWh. As expected based on fundamental thermodynamic principles, the energy usage showed a direct proportional relationship with the total runtime of the system. That is, the longer the AC system was engaged, the higher the total energy required to maintain the cooling effect. Overall, microcontroller-based split inverter AC enables real-time performance monitoring and efficient operation, representing a promising technology.Recent advancements in air conditioning (AC) technologies, such as inverters, enable the compressor to remain activated despite reaching the setpoint temperature. This study investigates the cooling performance and electrical parameters of a split inverter AC system controlled by a microcontroller in order to determine the operational performance characteristics of the air conditioning system. An ATmega 2560 microcontroller integrated with PZEM, DS18B20, and LCD I2C sensors monitors was 8,525 Btu/h capacity split inverter AC. During a 1-hour experimental run, the temperature differential between supply air (Tsupply) and return air (Treturn) stabilized at approximately 17 °C, with Tsupply reaching a minimum of 8.5 °C. Treturn remained relatively constant after 500 s with no fluctuations. Moreover, power draw maintained an average of 750 W (1 PK) with no variations, exhibiting an inverse relationship with Tsupply. The maximum energy consumption recorded during the experiment was 1,373 kWh. As expected based on fundamental thermodynamic principles, the energy usage showed a direct proportional relationship with the total runtime of the system. That is, the longer the AC system was engaged, the higher the total energy required to maintain the cooling effect. Overall, microcontroller-based split inverter AC enables real-time performance monitoring and efficient operation, representing a promising technology

Analysis of Maneuvering Speed of a Passenger Ship Scalability Prototype with a Remote-Control System

They are using a passenger ship prototype as an experiment in control systems. Ship prototype control system with remote control. For this reason, research was carried out on the workings of ship prototypes, maneuver speed, long distance to the ship, and battery capacity expiration time. For this reason, research was carried out on how the prototype ship worked, the maneuvering speed, the remote reach distance to the boat, and the time the battery capacity would run out. The research was conducted using a rope, stopwatch, arc ruler, and test object. Using this tool, the results of the ship's speed when maneuvering at a predetermined angle, the maximum range of remote distance to the boat, and the length of time the battery capacity will run out. The research results tested on the remote control (RC) prototype ship showed the highest maneuvering speed at an angle of 90 degrees, which is 0.407 m/s, and the lowest rate at an angle of 180 degrees, 0.376 m/s. With this, it can be concluded that the smaller the angle of maneuver, the faster the speed of the ship to maneuver, and the greater the grade of the scheme, the slower the rate. Furthermore, the farther the remote control operating distance is from the battery speed, the faster the battery capacity will run out, and the closer the ship's rotational variation distance, the more the battery capacity will run out

Numerical Simulation of Designing a Braking System by Comparing Pressure in Minibus Type Vehicle

The braking system is crucial in maintaining the vehicle's safety to avoid fatality. However, designing a vehicle braking system can take significant time and energy. Hence, a method to design a braking system that requires less time and energy is necessary. The vehicle specifications will affect the braking design process in designing a braking system. In addition, the existing government regulations limit the braking capacity that must be achieved during the braking process. These two things become the limitations in designing an optimal braking system. The design process is carried out by determining the required pressure for the braking process and the pressure generated during the braking process. The generated pressure must exceed the required pressure for the braking system design to work appropriately. The conditions mentioned earlier can be achieved by iterating and selecting the standard component. A case study in the form of braking system design has been carried out where the braking system can generate a pressure of 4.14 MPa and requires a pressure of 3.13 MPa and 2.34 MPa at the front and rear caliper on a vehicle weighing 78.48 kN to decelerate 5 ms-2 as required in Indonesia government regulation. A comparison is made with other methods proposed by other researchers to ensure the proposed method can be applied to various conditions. The comparison results show that the proposed method can be applied to various conditions. Moreover, the proposed method can minimize the difference in pressure between the generated and the required pressure to avoid overdesign.The braking system is crucial in maintaining the vehicle's safety to avoid fatality. However, designing a vehicle braking system can take significant time and energy. Hence, a method to design a braking system that requires less time and energy is necessary. The vehicle specifications will affect the braking design process in designing a braking system. In addition, the existing government regulations limit the braking capacity that must be achieved during the braking process. These two things become the limitations in designing an optimal braking system. The design process is carried out by determining the required pressure for the braking process and the pressure generated during the braking process. The generated pressure must exceed the required pressure for the braking system design to work appropriately. The conditions mentioned earlier can be achieved by iterating and selecting the standard component. A case study in the form of braking system design has been carried out where the braking system can generate a pressure of 4.14 MPa and requires a pressure of 3.13 MPa and 2.34 MPa at the front and rear caliper on a vehicle weighing 78.48 kN to decelerate 5 ms-2 as required in Indonesia government regulation. A comparison is made with other methods proposed by other researchers to ensure the proposed method can be applied to various conditions. The comparison results show that the proposed method can be applied to various conditions. Moreover, the proposed method can minimize the difference in pressure between the generated and the required pressure to avoid overdesign

Improving the Quality of Learning Through Project Based Learning (PjBL) With the STEAM Approach in CAD Courses in the Department of Automotive Engineering Universitas Negeri Padang

The application of the Project Based Learning (PjBL) learning model in CAD courses has so far not been satisfactory. the results of the design drawings produced by students could not be implemented because the size, component layout, beauty did not meet the criteria. As a result, the students failure rate in CAD courses from 2019 to 2022 is quite high. PjBL with the STEAM approach is a solution because with STEAM the design of the images produced by students is based on criteria Science, Technology, Engineering, Art and Mathematics. This type of research uses Classroom Action Research, which is an examination of activities that are deliberately raised and occur in a class, and have 3 Cycle. The process of implementing the research consists of four components, namely planning, action, observation, and reflection. The population is Diploma 3 Automotive Engineering Students in Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Padang (FT UNP) who are enrolled in the CAD course for the Semester January - June 2022 and totaling 46 students. The data collection techniques through observation sheets and students performance in designing drawings using CAD software. The results of the study show that the implementation of PjBL with the STEAM approach can improve the quality of learning. The quality of learning observed is the activity of lecturers and students and learning outcomes. The percentage of lecturer activity in the learning process is 77% and increases in cycles 2 and 3 with percentages of 85.90% and 89.6%. While students activity in the learning process cycle 1 obtained a percentage of 62.4%, increased in cycles 2 and 3 of 73.20% and 87.70%.  courses computer aided design using a project-based learning approach STEAM can increase the average value of students. This is based on the average grade of students drawing projects in cycle 1 of 33.04, Whereas in cycle 2 it was 69.80 and the average students score in cycle 3 was 76.42.The application of the Project Based Learning (PjBL) learning model in CAD courses has so far not been satisfactory. the results of the design drawings produced by students could not be implemented because the size, component layout, beauty did not meet the criteria. As a result, the students failure rate in CAD courses from 2019 to 2022 is quite high. PjBL with the STEAM approach is a solution because with STEAM the design of the images produced by students is based on criteria Science, Technology, Engineering, Art and Mathematics. This type of research uses Classroom Action Research, which is an examination of activities that are deliberately raised and occur in a class, and have 3 Cycle. The process of implementing the research consists of four components, namely planning, action, observation, and reflection. The population is Diploma 3 Automotive Engineering Students in Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Padang (FT UNP) who are enrolled in the CAD course for the Semester January - June 2022 and totaling 46 students. The data collection techniques through observation sheets and students performance in designing drawings using CAD software. The results of the study show that the implementation of PjBL with the STEAM approach can improve the quality of learning. The quality of learning observed is the activity of lecturers and students and learning outcomes. The percentage of lecturer activity in the learning process is 77% and increases in cycles 2 and 3 with percentages of 85.90% and 89.6%. While students activity in the learning process cycle 1 obtained a percentage of 62.4%, increased in cycles 2 and 3 of 73.20% and 87.70%.  courses computer aided design using a project-based learning approach STEAM can increase the average value of students. This is based on the average grade of students drawing projects in cycle 1 of 33.04, Whereas in cycle 2 it was 69.80 and the average students score in cycle 3 was 76.42

Design Analysis and Design of Coolbox Based on Thermoelectricity with Wind Power Plant Using 3D Modeling

Energy needs continue to increase from year to year in line with population growth in Indonesia. Therefore, wind turbines as a renewable alternative energy source to meet the energy needs of coastal communities. The use of heavy and high ice blocks has always been a problem for fishermen in fish catches, this has an impact on the quality of the fish caught. This thermoelectric coolbox with wind power plant is designed by combining the components of a thermoelectric coolbox and a wind turbine which functions to maintain the temperature in the coolbox so that the fish stored are more durable using electricity generated from the rotation of the wind turbine. This research uses the design and development (D&D) method and is supported by secondary data from published articles and news journals which aim to design a three-dimensional model of a thermoelectric coolbox using solidworks software. The results of the design analysis obtained turbine area, turbine height, chord length, torque value, shaft diameter and allowable shear stress. With the results of the analysis of the design of a thermoelectric coolbox with a wind turbine, it has the potential and benefits for the fishing profession and can be realized into a product.Energy needs continue to increase from year to year in line with population growth in Indonesia. Therefore, wind turbines as a renewable alternative energy source to meet the energy needs of coastal communities. The use of heavy and high ice blocks has always been a problem for fishermen in fish catches, this has an impact on the quality of the fish caught. This thermoelectric coolbox with wind power plant is designed by combining the components of a thermoelectric coolbox and a wind turbine which functions to maintain the temperature in the coolbox so that the fish stored are more durable using electricity generated from the rotation of the wind turbine. This research uses the design and development (D&D) method and is supported by secondary data from published articles and news journals which aim to design a three-dimensional model of a thermoelectric coolbox using solidworks software. The results of the design analysis obtained turbine area, turbine height, chord length, torque value, shaft diameter and allowable shear stress. With the results of the analysis of the design of a thermoelectric coolbox with a wind turbine, it has the potential and benefits for the fishing profession and can be realized into a product

Analysis of Combustion Characteristics in Boilers Using Comparison of Coal Fuel Mixtures and Bark Biomass To Determine Optimal Combustion Conditions in a Steam Power Plant

Currently, several material production industries have used self-sustaining power generation systems. Where the most common steam power plant system is found as an option to be used as a source of electricity. The use of biomass as an additional material for fuel in power plant has been widely carried out. This method is more commonly known as cofiring. Analysis of the cofiring combustion system of biomass in the boiler needs to be carried out in order to determine the characteristics of the combustion system that occurs. By varying the composition of the fuel, an analysis of the energy produced from the combustion reaction will be calculated. In this study, the comparison of the use of coal and wood bark was varied at conditions 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, 30:70, 20:80. Assuming that the steam rate and temperature conditions to be achieved from the combustion products are constant. From the results of the analysis it was found that an increase in the amount of cofiring bark resulted in a decrease in the heating value of the combustion reaction and an increase in fuel capacity. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of bark cofiring in boilers with a coal design is less effective because it will require additional energy to increase the fuel consumption rate and reduce combustion efficiency due to not achieving optimal combustion energy because the initial design combustion chamber capacity is fixed.Currently, several material production industries have used self-sustaining power generation systems. Where the most common steam power plant system is found as an option to be used as a source of electricity. The use of biomass as an additional material for fuel in power plant has been widely carried out. This method is more commonly known as cofiring. Analysis of the cofiring combustion system of biomass in the boiler needs to be carried out in order to determine the characteristics of the combustion system that occurs. By varying the composition of the fuel, an analysis of the energy produced from the combustion reaction will be calculated. In this study, the comparison of the use of coal and wood bark was varied at conditions 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, 30:70, 20:80. Assuming that the steam rate and temperature conditions to be achieved from the combustion products are constant. From the results of the analysis it was found that an increase in the amount of cofiring bark resulted in a decrease in the heating value of the combustion reaction and an increase in fuel capacity. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of bark cofiring in boilers with a coal design is less effective because it will require additional energy to increase the fuel consumption rate and reduce combustion efficiency due to not achieving optimal combustion energy because the initial design combustion chamber capacity is fixed

Design and Build Low-Cost Power Hammer Machine Based on Throttle Stomp

Metal forming uses plastic deformation to change the shape of the workpiece. Deformation or change in shape results from the use of a tool which is usually called a die. The die provides stresses that exceed the yield strength of the material (plastic). The forging process is one of several types of metal forming. A power hammer machine is a machine used for the formation of a product in the manufacturing process, namely with a system of continuous forging/pressure on the specimen so that the deformed specimen becomes denser and stronger according to the desired shape. The forging process is superior to other processes such as casting and machining. The effectiveness of the forging process is characterized by low costs, high productivity, and high product quality. The cold forging process needs to be improved to reduce the occurrence of fine cracks and defects. The main factor is the quality of forging results by planning the design and production of the right die, improving product quality, and reducing the number of defective products to encourage industrial competitiveness. The method in this research is the process of making the design and calculation of the main components and making the power hammer machine. The results of the design and manufacture of the power hammer machine obtained that the impact force from the design was 58.3 Kg, the rotation of the drive shaft to drive the hammer was 206.5 Rpm, the diameter of the driving shaft was 12.36 mm with the one made of 16 mm, the torque on the driving motor was 77.9 Nm, the minimum power designed is 2.2 hp with a rotation of 2800 Rpm, and is selected for the manufacture of 3 Hp, the electrical system is on / off using a throttle stomp

Design of a Drying Equipment Moringa Leaf with Utilizing Temperature Air Conditioning Condenser

This study conducted to get drying equipment a moringa leaf using air temperature from an air conditioning condenser. The first steps taken were collecting research literature, formulating problems, and design a drying equipment moringa leaf (moringa oleifera) using air temperature from an air conditioning condenser. Drying equipment tool made from plywood, wood, aluminum foil, styrofoam, and pipe channel to drying equipment. It works by utilizing air from the air conditioning condenser which is channeled through a pipe channel to drying equipment. The test was carried with modification intake channel to drying equipment without suction fan and using suction fan.  Data collection is carried out every 30 minutes for 7 hours which starting from 10.00 AM to 05.00 PM. A sample of 800 grams of wet moringa leaf was placed on each drying rack. The result study without suction fan in the drying equipment show average temperature air from the condenser of 31.17 °C, average humidity of 68.8%, and a reduction in water content of moringa leaf of 35.5%. Meanwhile, the test using an air suction fan in the drying equipment was average temperature air from the condenser 34.10 °C, average humidity was 62.30% and the reduction in water content of moringa leaf was 40.8%. The drying rate of moringa leaf in the test using an exhaust fan is 0.0138 kg/hour, while the drying rate of moringa leaf in the test without using an exhaust fan is 0.01 kg/hour.This study conducted to get drying equipment a moringa leaf using air temperature from an air conditioning condenser. The first steps taken were collecting research literature, formulating problems, and design a drying equipment moringa leaf (moringa oleifera) using air temperature from an air conditioning condenser. Drying equipment tool made from plywood, wood, aluminum foil, styrofoam, and pipe channel to drying equipment. It works by utilizing air from the air conditioning condenser which is channeled through a pipe channel to drying equipment. The test was carried with modification intake channel to drying equipment without suction fan and using suction fan.  Data collection is carried out every 30 minutes for 7 hours which starting from 10.00 AM to 05.00 PM. A sample of 800 grams of wet moringa leaf was placed on each drying rack. The result study without suction fan in the drying equipment show average temperature air from the condenser of 31.17 °C, average humidity of 68.8%, and a reduction in water content of moringa leaf of 35.5%. Meanwhile, the test using an air suction fan in the drying equipment was average temperature air from the condenser 34.10 °C, average humidity was 62.30% and the reduction in water content of moringa leaf was 40.8%. The drying rate of moringa leaf in the test using an exhaust fan is 0.0138 kg/hour, while the drying rate of moringa leaf in the test without using an exhaust fan is 0.01 kg/hour