Determinants of adoption of home garden agroforestry practice and its role to food security in Southern Ethiopia

Ethiopia\u27s adoption of home garden agroforestry practice is influenced by a number of factors. This study explores the complex network of variables that affect food production, livelihoods, and farmers\u27 decisions to participate in agroforestry in home gardens in the Aleta Chuko Woreda. One common tactic to address food-related challenges is agroforestry. This research aims to evaluate the factors that lead to the adoption of agroforestry practices in home gardens and their impact on food security within the area. The sample households were chosen through a multistage sampling technique. 312 households also took part in the home survey. To triangulate survey data, key informant interviews and focus groups were held. Binary Logit regression models and descriptive statistics were applied. The outcomes of the findings demonstrated the significance of home garden agroforestry practices in the investigated area. Addressing nutritional concerns, and giving households extra revenue streams particularly for women counterparts were all favorable effects. This is due to they have unique knowledge for identification of local crop species. The majority of the area\u27s forest trees are important for preventing and responding to potential climate change extremes and provision of medicinal value. Moreover, homes within the research region stated that technology is crucial for adjusting to and reducing the dangers associated with climate change. The practice of agroforestry home gardens in Southern Ethiopia has a long history.  It has a substantial use in the southern Ethiopia adaptation and mitigation to climate change hazards. When it comes to implementing home garden agroforestry, family size, cooperative group participation, educational status, and access to credit and extension services all show statistically significant connections. Thus, in order to help farmers improve their standard of living and improving food security status, the government and other supporting organizations should support home garden agroforestry practices

A Comprehensive Review of Traditional Food Processing Methods and Their Effects on Food Security

Traditional food processing methods, which have been used for centuries across various cultures, play a crucial role in ensuring food security. These methods, including fermentation, drying, smoking, milling, and preservation, help extend the shelf life of food, improve its nutritional quality, and enhance food availability, especially in regions prone to seasonal fluctuations and food shortages. Traditional processing methods also contribute to the development of local economies by empowering small-scale farmers and processors. However, these techniques can have both positive and negative effects on food security, depending on their efficiency, scalability, and sustainability. This review explores a range of traditional food processing methods, analyzing their impact on food preservation, nutrient retention, and the socio-economic aspects of food security. Additionally, it discusses the challenges and opportunities presented by integrating traditional food processing into modern food systems. Emphasis is placed on how these methods can complement contemporary technologies to build resilient food systems that address hunger, malnutrition, and poverty, particularly in rural and resource-poor settings

Effect of canning on the canning attributes and proximate composition of Bruchid Resistant, Maz-type common bean Lines

: Screening of bean lines for canning attributes and proximate composition is an important input for the food industry, bean researchers, and other end users. The objective of this study was to evaluate Maz-Lines common beans for their canning quality and proximate composition. Three Maz-type common bean lines were subjected to nine different canning treatments. Canning attributes and proximate composition of those maz-type canned common beans were evaluated using standard official methods. The result showed that maz-type common bean lines and the canning process significantly affected canning attributes. Consequently, the percentage of washed-drained weight ranged from 64.80 to 73.17% and 67.23 to 70.97% due to the effects of different canning treatments and maz-common bean lines, respectively. The result indicated the hydration coefficient varied from 1.03 to 1.05. The degree of clumping, appearance, splitting degree, and starchiness were also determined by the visual rating procedure. The result of those visual ratings of all three Maz-type common beans revealed promising canning quality traits. Good canning quality was obtained in a sample soaked for 40 minutes at ambient temperature, followed by blanching for 40 minutes at 75oc. The canning process caused an increase in crude protein, crude fat, total carbohydrate, and energy values in canned beans. However, the moisture and crude fiber contents of canned beans decreased as a result of varied canning treatments. It can be concluded that canning attributes and some proximate composition of the Maz-type common bean line were improved by the canning process

Food Production, Availability, Agricultural Systems, and Food Security: A Detailed Review

Food production, availability, agricultural systems, and food security are intricately linked components of the global food system. Ensuring food security, defined as the availability, access, and stability of sufficient, safe, and nutritious food for all, is one of the most pressing challenges faced by both developed and developing countries. This comprehensive review explores the relationship between food production and availability, the role of agricultural systems in ensuring food security, and the critical factors that influence these processes, including climate change, technological advancements, policy frameworks, and socioeconomic factors. Food availability is shaped by both the efficiency of agricultural systems and the effectiveness of food distribution networks. This involves addressing post-harvest losses, improving storage and transportation infrastructure, and managing global trade dynamics. The review also delves into the impact of climate change on food systems, highlighting the need for resilient agricultural practices and adaptive policies to ensure long-term food security. The review concludes by advocating for a holistic, interdisciplinary approach to food security that integrates sustainable agricultural development, policy interventions, technological innovation, and community-level resilience to ensure equitable and sustainable food systems for future generations

A Comprehensive Review of Safety, Security, and Food Waste in the Food Supply Chain Logistics

The food supply chain logistics (FSCL) plays a vital role in ensuring food reaches consumers safely and efficiently. As the global food system becomes more complex, ensuring the safety, security, and minimizing food waste throughout the supply chain has become increasingly important. This review examines the key challenges and solutions associated with food safety, food security, and food waste in the FSCL, highlighting their interdependence and the need for integrated solutions. Food safety encompasses measures to prevent contamination, spoilage, and health hazards from farm to fork, utilizing technologies such as traceability systems. Food waste, which accounts for approximately one-third of global food production, results from inefficiencies and improper handling throughout the supply chain, with significant losses occurring in production, distribution, and consumption stages. Strategies to combat food waste include improving logistics infrastructure, better inventory management, and consumer education. This review advocates for a holistic approach to improving safety, security, and waste reduction in the FSCL, emphasizing the adoption of advanced technologies, policy interventions, and sustainable practices to create a more resilient, efficient, and sustainable food syste

Himalayan Dioscorea villosa: A Comprehensive Analysis

Himalayan Dioscorea villosa, a species of wild yam indigenous to the Himalayan region, has garnered attention for its diverse phytochemical composition and traditional medicinal uses. This comprehensive analysis explores the botanical, phytochemical, pharmacological, and ethnobotanical aspects of Himalayan Dioscorea villosa. The review synthesizes existing literature to provide insights into its taxonomical classification, morphological characteristics, and distribution patterns in the Himalayan ecosystem. It delves into the phytochemical profile of Dioscorea villosa, highlighting the presence of bioactive compounds such as diosgenin, flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins. Moreover, the review examines the traditional uses of Himalayan Dioscorea villosa in folk medicine, shedding light on its purported therapeutic properties in treating various ailments.  Furthermore, this analysis critically evaluates pharmacological studies elucidating the anti- inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, and hormone-modulating activities of Dioscorea villosa extracts and isolated compounds. The pharmacokinetics and toxicological aspects of Himalayan Dioscorea villosa are also discussed, emphasizing the need for further research to ascertain its safety profile and dosage recommendations. Additionally, cultivation practices and conservation strategies for sustaining wild yam populations in the Himalayan region are addressed

Review of Dairy Production, Processing, and Strategies for Milk Marketing Development

Dairy production and processing involve the conversion of raw milk into a variety of consumable products such as milk, cheese, butter, yogurt, and ice cream. The process begins at dairy farms, where milk is collected from animals like cows, goats, and sheep. It is then transported to processing facilities, where it undergoes several key stages, including pasteurization, homogenization, fermentation, and coagulation, to ensure safety, quality, and desirable sensory properties. Pasteurization eliminates harmful pathogens, while homogenization prevents cream separation, producing smooth, uniform milk. Fermentation, facilitated by specific bacterial cultures, is essential for products like yogurt and cheese, which develop their unique flavors and textures. Dairy production and processing remain a cornerstone of the global food industry, supporting nutritional needs, economic growth, and food security. As consumer preferences and environmental concerns evolve, the dairy industry continues to innovate, integrating sustainability practices and improving processing techniques to meet future challenges

Diatom of Interest as Food Source: Biochemical Composition of Hydrographic, Seasonal Diversity, Distribution and Abundance in Pamban Area of Gulf of Mannar, Tamil Nadu, India: Chapter 5

In this study, 62 species of diatoms were identified. Spatio-temporal analysis of diatom community composition revealed that Amphora lineata Gregory, Amphora ovalis (Kutzing), Amphora proteus Gregory, Bacteriastrum hyalinum var. Princeps (Castracane) Ikari, Cyclotella striata (Kutz), Grun. Mastogloya Arabica, navicula sp, and surirella armoricana were the main species observed during the study period.A study was conducted to identify the abundance of diatoms and environmental factors that affect the growth of diatoms in the region and to identify major changes in diatom species according to seasonal changes. Community analysis revealed that diversity, abundance, uniformity and low winter season while dominance were pre-monsoon. In this record non-quantitative multidimensional scaling method (MDS) of the Bray-Curtis ordination, the highest similarity (82.55%) was observed for the abundance of diatoms at observation sites 2 and 3 before and after the 2014 monsoon. 1, Art. The similarity for Monsoon 3 in 2015 was the lowest at 16.32%. Comparison of our results with previous studies revealed that nitrate and ammonia are the main factors that have the greatest influence on diatom distribution. Community structure studies have shown that the pre-monsoon and monsoon season are most favorable for diatom production in the Pamban region of Mannar Bay

Diet Diversity, Emotional Eating Habits and Psychology of Weight Management Among the Adolescents Residing in Twin Cities of Hyderabad: Chapter 3

The pandemic had greatly influenced the dietary profiles of adolescents, who are prone to developing unhealthy eating habits. Adolescents have bad dietary practices that increases their likelihood of degenerative diseases namely diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, to name a few among the non-communicable diseases. Objective: To understand diet diversity, nutritional status and eating habits of adolescents by using the FAO based diet diversity questionnaire, after the pandemic. To study the intake of micronutrients, fermented foods (pre and probiotics) with respect to nutritional adequacy among adolescents. To understand the adolescent psychology on body weight, (calculating the BMI) and their consumption processed foods. To understand the psychology of the adolescents while eating different types of foods and diets being followed to lose weight. Method: This is a quantitative observational study; 150 girls aged between 18 – 21 years participated whose BMI was mostly between 18 and 24.  For sampling, purposive method was adopted; information about anthropometry, eating pattern, emotional eating of participants was taken using self-administered questionnaires. Result: greater than 40% of the sample had emotional eating habit, they have a greater tendency to develop obesity. Conclusion: subjects consumed a diverse diet, with an inadequacy of minerals such as selenium, zinc, iron. Emotional eating in our country, is on the rise, which denotes the risk for development of obesity, attention to exercise, creating awareness about healthy eating habits should be adopted

Implementation of Bio Fortification Technique to Overcome Malnutrition – An Overview: Chapter 10

Delivering micronutrients to people who may not have easy access to varied meals and other micronutrient treatments is attainable and affordable through biofortification. The effectiveness of this agriculture-based approach to alleviating micronutrient deficiency through plant breeding has been shown through research initiatives. Currently, biofortified crops are grown and consumed by further than 20 million individuals living in agrarian households in developing nations.  Since the Sustainable development goals’ targets were established, it has been of the utmost importance. Malnutrition manifests itself in a variety of ways, including undernourishment, obesity and overeating, and salutary-affiliated illnesses that aren’t transmissible. important of the world’s population is affected by micronutrient deficiencies, which are shortfalls from the norm for vital minerals including zinc, iron, vitamin A, vitamin B12, and iodine. Biofortification is a likely solution to end starvation because it’s sustainable, affordable, and profitable. It’s a food-based method, and a former study has shown that it greatly raises nutrient levels. still, for biofortification to be effective, it needs to be adopted, scaled up, and used by the applicable stakeholders to meet the target set by 2030.  This chapter provides an overview of the value of biofortification to human health