Materials for: Athlete Burnout and Health: Testing Longitudinal Mediation via Biomarkers

Abstract (prior to peer review): Athletes often face pressure in competitive sports, which can cause physical and mental health problems including athlete burnout. Burnout is becoming increasingly prevalent in athletes and not only affects mental health but heightens the risk for further physical and mental health consequences. While studies have supported this link, few of these examinations have assessed the possible explanatory mechanisms. Therefore, this study aimed to test whether biomarkers of key physiological systems may mediate the relationship between athlete burnout and mental and physical health outcomes over time. We recruited 64 competitive athletes who completed measures of athlete burnout, physical symptoms, depressive symptoms, and insomnia as well as provided saliva samples for the analysis of biomarkers (testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate [DHEA-S], secretory Immunoglobulin A [sIgA]) at three timepoints over six months. At the between level, burnout was associated with all questionnaire measures, while testosterone was associated with physical symptoms. At the within level, burnout predicted depressive symptoms and sIgA predicted insomnia. Exploratory analyses with a Bayesian approach further showed burnout to predict reductions in testosterone, DHEA-S and sIgA. In contrast to our hypotheses, we found no indirect effects linking burnout with potential health consequences via changes in biomarkers. Thus, burnout appears to affect physical and mental health through predominantly direct links.This work was supported by the Swedish Research Council for Sport Science (P2023-0139).unknownunknow

Art Matters: Exploring the Effects of Historical Artwork Representation and Narration on Luso-Tropicalism

Portugal's colonial past, often idealized through artwork and historical narratives, has played a central role in shaping national identity, particularly through the lens of lusotropicalism. While previous research has examined colonial narratives, the influence of artwork descriptions on lusotropicalism ideology remains underexplored. This study aims to investigate the impact of different descriptions of Portuguese colonial artwork—critical, non-critical, and control—on lusotropicalist beliefs, with a particular focus on the underlying roles of collective guilt, moral shame, intergroup empathy, and historical defensiveness. Additionally, the study will explore whether different forms of national ingroup positivity, specifically collective narcissism and ingroup satisfaction, moderate these effects. To achieve these objectives, two studies will be conducted: a pilot study to pretest two potential control/baseline conditions and a main experiment to test the proposed hypotheses.unknownothe

Coding Schemes for the Stage 2 Registered Report: Restriction of researcher degrees of freedom through the Psychological Research Preregistration-Quantitative (PRP-QUANT) Template

Coding Schemes for the Stage 2 Registered Report: Restriction of researcher degrees of freedom through the Psychological Research Preregistration-Quantitative (PRP-QUANT) Templateunknownunknow

KLARpsy-Text: Stottern rechtshändige Menschen weniger?

KLARpsy-Texte sind kurze, lai:innengerechte, allgemeinverständliche und richtlinienbasierte Zusammenfassungen psychologischer Übersichtsarbeiten. Dieser KLARpsy-Text hat den Titel 'Stottern rechtshändige Menschen weniger?'. Er wurde von Mitarbeitenden des Leibniz-Instituts für Psychologie verfasst. Als testlesende Person war Natalie S. beteiligt. Der KLARpsy-Text befasst sich mit folgenden Inhalten: Stottern kann sehr belastend sein. Betroffene können nicht flüssig sprechen und wiederholen zum Beispiel ungewollt Wörter. Ob Menschen stottern, scheint mit Besonderheiten in der Entwicklung der beiden Gehirnhälften zusammenzuhängen. Ähnliche Unterschiede in der Entwicklung des Gehirns entscheiden, ob Menschen rechtshändig sind oder eine andere Hand bevorzugen. Es ist aber noch unklar, ob diese Händigkeit und Stottern zusammenhängen. Das liegt auch daran, dass frühere Studien Händigkeit unterschiedlich gemessen haben. Zum Beispiel mussten Personen in vielen Studien zwischen linkshändig und rechtshändig wählen. Manchmal durften sie aber auch angeben, beidhändig zu sein. Mit ihrer Übersichtsarbeit wollten die Forschenden herausfinden: Unterscheiden sich Personen mit und ohne Stottern in ihrer Händigkeit? Personen mit und ohne Stottern unterscheiden sich kaum darin, welche Hand sie bevorzugt benutzen. Linkshändige Menschen scheinen zwar leicht häufiger zu stottern. Je nachdem, wie man Händigkeit erfasst, verschwindet dieser Unterschied aber auch wieder.https://klarpsy.de/hintergrundunknownunknow

Supplementary materials to "Associations and interactions between neuroticism, adverse life events and health anxiety: Results from a large representative cohort" [Other]

Supplementary materials [Other]. The related article is Lamm, T. T., Mehlsen, M. Y., Carstensen, T. B. W., Wellnitz, K. B., Ørnbøl, E., Dantoft, T. M., Fink, P., Petersen, M. W., & Frostholm, L. (2025). Associations and interactions between neuroticism, adverse life events and health anxiety: Results from a large representative cohort. Clinical Psychology in Europe, 7(2), Article e14441. https://doi.org/10.32872/cpe.14441The Supplementary Materials contain the following items: Appendix A: Syntax of Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs), Appendix B: Ordinal logistical regression models of the association between neuroticism, adverse life events, and health anxiety with interactions, Appendix C: Description of measures used in supplementary analyses and descriptive statistics, and Appendix D: Results of supplementary analyses.unknownunknow

Code for: The Acquisition of Tonal Hierarchies in Western Music During School Years: A Re-analysis of 40 Years of Research

Understanding the relationships between different pitches as a form of tonality is a key element of listening skills in Western tonal music. Tonal hierarchies (i.e., the genre-dependent differing prominence of tones) are reflected in internal representations of tonal hierarchies (IRTH) in long-term memory. Over the past 40 years, research on how students aged 6 to 20 acquire IRTH has yielded varied and sometimes contradictory conclusions about this process’ timeline and underlying mechanisms. This paper aims to synthesize the evidence and critically examine potential reasons for the heterogeneity in findings. To this end, three approaches were applied. First, a Bayesian meta-analysis of 60 effect sizes from 16 studies, reported in 13 articles, revealed a medium difference in IRTH sensitivity between younger and older participants (d = 0.57,95% CrI [0.37,0.77]). Second, a Bayesian network analysis indicated that tonal understanding continues to develop throughout school years into adulthood, challenging models suggesting that tonal development concludes by age 7 or 9. Third, a model comparison analysis based on cross-sectional data from a single study revealed a non-linear growth dynamic with a larger increase during adolescence as the best model solution to describe the relationship between sensitivity and age. We also examined the considerable heterogeneity observed within and between studies, particularly how task-specific features of the operationalizations might account for these differences. These findings contribute to the development of theoretical models about music-related skill acquisition and suggest directions for future research.unknownunknow

KLARpsy-Text: Wie hängen Gefühle und politisches Lernen zusammen?

KLARpsy-Texte sind kurze, lai:innengerechte, allgemeinverständliche und richtlinienbasierte Zusammenfassungen psychologischer Übersichtsarbeiten. Dieser KLARpsy-Text hat den Titel “Wie hängen Gefühle und politisches Lernen zusammen?”. Er wurde von Mitarbeitenden des Leibniz-Instituts für Psychologie verfasst. Der KLARpsy-Text befasst sich mit folgenden Inhalten: Studien zeigen, dass Gefühle und Lernen zusammenhängen. Das gilt auch für das politische Lernen . Es liegt nahe, dass Gefühle politisches Lernen anregen oder hemmen können. Ob und welche einzelnen Gefühle das politische Lernen anregen oder hemmen, ist unklar. Mit ihrer Übersichtsarbeit wollten die Forschenden herausfinden: 1) Hängen anregende Gefühle, wie Begeisterung, mit mehr politischem Lernen zusammen? 2) Hängen hemmende Gefühle, wie Langeweile, mit weniger politischem Lernen zusammen? Ob wir uns Informationen zu politischen Ereignissen, Personen oder Parteien zuwenden, hängt auch mit Gefühlen zusammen. Anregende Gefühle, wie Begeisterung oder Wut, hängen mit mehr politischem Lernen zusammen.https://klarpsy.de/hintergrundunknownunknow

World beliefs predict self-reported sustainable behaviors beyond Big Five personality traits and political ideology

Generalized beliefs about the world—termed ‘primal world beliefs’ or ‘primals’—have been hypothesized to affect behavior, since they contain information which influences the perceived costs, benefits, and justifications for different behaviors. For example, people who see the world as highly improvable may view prosocial behaviors as having more benefits and therefore be more inclined to work harder on making things better. Three preregistered studies (N = 1,534 US participants) investigated the relationship between primals and several measures of people’s propensity toward sustainable behavior. Beliefs that the world is less hierarchical, but more improvable, cooperative, harmless, meaningful, and abundant were weakly to moderately associated with self-reported ethically-minded consumer behavior, pro-environmental behavior, and behavioral intentions. These relationships were largely robust to controlling for Big Five traits and political ideology, although some of the relationships were subsumed by the more general belief that the world is good. Changes in two world beliefs (cooperative, harmless) over a three-week period weakly predicted pro-environmental behavior intentions when controlling for people’s previously reported pro-environmental behavior. These correlational findings suggest some possible avenues for future research: if these beliefs are found to be causally prior to environmental attitudes, they may offer a promising target for interventions aimed at increasing sustainable behavior.peerReviewedpublishedVersio

The Impact of Language Control State on Cognate Facilitation: What Happens to the L1?

Cognates are translation-equivalent words that are similar or even identical across languages in phonological and orthographic form. Previous research has shown that pictures of cognates are more easily named by bilinguals than non-cognates. However, such cognate facilitation may depend on the exact task demands and language control state a bilingual is in. To investigate further the mechanisms of cognate facilitation, we conducted Experiment 1 where we manipulated the frequency of cognates versus non-cognates within blocks of a L2 picture naming task. Consistent with our hypotheses, we found larger cognate facilitation in blocks with more cognates. In this follow-up (Experiment 2), our goal is 1) to replicate the observed larger cognate facilitation in majority cognate blocks and 2) to better understand the underlying cognitive mechanism behind it. To do the latter, participants will additionally engage in a L1 fragment completion task between L2 naming blocks, which includes “old” (translations of non-cognate words included in the L2 naming blocks) and “new” words, to measure how activation of L1 words may be adjusted during L2 naming in majority cognate vs. majority non-cognate blocks. We make predictions as to how L1 production of “old” and “new” words should differ, depending on the presumed underlying cognitive control processes (e.g., word-specific L1 inhibition or activation).unknownothe

Can a 1-item scale for psychotherapy outcomes be psychometrically robust?

No abstract available.notReviewedpublishedVersio