SS2102 Introduction to sport biomechanics

Semester 1 Examination 2024-202

Centralised decentralisation and its influences on teacher professional learning

Singapore’s education system is paradoxically both centralised and decentralised. Called ‘centralised decentralisation’, this governance approach influences the way teacher professional learning takes place in the education system. There are top-down initiatives that require teachers’ participation. There are also bottom-up initiatives that reflect teacher agency and ownership of their learning. As a result of centralised decentralisation, agency for teacher professional learning is exercised both by the system and by the teacher. Both the teacher and the system benefit from teacher professional learning. The nature of teacher professional learning is both personalised and collaborative. At every level of the system, centralised decentralisation is a crucial governance approach to provide direction, coherence, support and empowerment in teacher professional learning

A decade of scientific and engineering practices: A scoping review

Scientific and engineering practices (SEP) are an integral part of major science education reforms launched in the United States of America in 2012. The SEP have arguably caught the attention of many science educators, researchers and policymakers as evidenced in the literature. A decade after, we are interested to examine how SEP have influenced science teaching and learning, and what has been done to advance scholarly knowledge and implementation of SEP. In this scoping review, we identified, selected and reviewed 229 relevant journal articles published between 2011 and 2021. These articles were subsequently mapped based on main target audience of their outlets, geographical location of their authors and/or research sites, types of study participants involved, associated academic level(s) , specific spheres of scientific and engineering activity that were being investigated and their trends, as well as the main themes that characterised these studies and their trends. These findings offer insights into the patterns of SEP-based research as well as some possible gaps to be addressed.Accepted versionDEV 02/19 LY

Teacher noticing in diverse educational contexts: Concepts, research, and future pathways

The open access publication is available at https://doi.org/10.1177/2096531125135016

The factorial validity and measurement invariance of the 7Cs of positive youth development among emerging adults in Southeast Asia

Positive youth development (PYD) has gained considerable traction among developmental scientists, but past studies were generally conducted among youth samples from Minority World countries. This study investigated the factorial validity of the newly developed 7Cs model of PYD (competence, confidence, connection, character, caring, contribution, and creativity). Specifically, we compared four measurement models (one-factor, seven-factor, higher order, and bifactor) among emerging adults living in five Southeast Asian countries. The study also aimed to establish evidence of measurement invariance across gender, age, education, and country of origin. Criterion-related validity was also sought using COVID-19 socially responsive behaviors and anxiety. Controlling for the influence of gender, age, and education, sample-level comparisons were also performed on the 7Cs. Data came from 1,888 emerging adults (Mage = 24.10; SDage = 6.89) from Indonesia (n = 253), Malaysia (n = 289), the Philippines (n = 496), Singapore (n = 306), and Thailand (n = 544) during the pandemic. The results supported the superiority of the seven-factor model, which exhibited strict invariance across gender, age, and education and partial scalar invariance across country of origin. The 7Cs exhibited mixed associations with the pandemic-related measures. Significant differences were found in the 7Cs across the five countries. The study provides additional evidence on the theoretical validity of the 7Cs model among youth from understudied settings, while also highlighting avenues for refining current PYD measures.Accepted versio

AAH10D International history: From World War One to the present

Semester 2 Examination 2024-202

Zn2+ significantly enhances the performance of petal-like Co-Naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid MOF as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), with their ultrahigh specific surface area, uniformly distributed pores, and tunable structures, are promising candidates for next-generation active electrode materials in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, their application is hindered by poor cycling stability due to structural collapse during charge-discharge cycles. To address this issue, we developed an alloy and multi-solvent thermal method strategy to synthesize Co/Zn bimetallic MOFs based on Naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid (NTCA). The resulting petal-like Co/Zn-NTCA MOF demonstrates outstanding electrochemical performance. The incorporation of zinc ions not only significantly enhances cycling stability but also markedly increases the specific capacity of the anode material. At a current density of 200 mA·g–1, the Co/Zn (2:1)-NTCA MOF demonstrated an impressive reversible capacity of 956 mA·h g–1 after 150 cycles. Even after 500 cycles, the specific capacity of the electrode remained high, with a value of 438 mA·h g–1 at a current density of 1000 A·g–1

AAD40A Language planning and policy

Semester 1 Examination 2024-202

Beyond the lab: Proposing an indigenous psychologies research paradigm

The open access publication is available at https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.70053To align with the goal of this section, we propose an ontological turn to the psychology research paradigm that extends beyond mainstream methodology. Drawing on the existing literature of indigenous psychology (IP) and two qualitative studies from Singapore and Malaysia, we critically examine the differences of epistemology and methodology between mainstream approaches in Western psychology and the IP approach to the culturally different other. Next, we extract the research methods adopted by scientific inquiries of dang-ki healing within certain Chinese communities and experiences of suffering within the Temiar tribal group. These methods include establishing the reciprocal relationship and fluid boundary between the investigators (observers) and investigated (observed), conducting qualitative research in a natural setting with cognitive flexibility, using fieldtrip immersion to gain insiders' worldviews and feedback on the findings. Finally, we offer a few action guidelines for future researchers conducting indigenous psychological research in the communities

AAD20C Origin and development of Malay language

Semester 1 Examination 2024-202