UJI EFEKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK NIGELLA SATIVA L. TERHADAP BAKTERI ESCHERICHIA COLI SECARA IN VITRO

Abstract—Infectious diseases remain a significant public health problem. One infectious disease can be caused by Escherichia coli. However, currently there is increasing resistance of Escherichia coli to several antibiotics. This has led to an increase in demand to develop new antibiotics that can overcome the development of resistance. Medicinal plants have enormous potential in the discovery of bioactive compounds that can fight resistant microorganisms. Nigella sativa L. is one such medicinal plant known for its antibacterial properties. The seed extract of Nigella sativa L. was obtained using the maceration method, resulting in four different concentrations: 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 100%. These extracts were tested against Escherichia coli bacteria isolated on Mueller Hinton Agar media using the disk diffusion method. Nigella sativa L. seed extract with aquadest solvent produced average inhibition zone diameters of 0mm; 0mm; 0mm; 7mm, while with n-hexane solvent it produced average inhibition zone diameters of 0mm; 0mm; 0mm; 8.375mm at concentrations of 12.5%; 25%; 50%; 100%. The antibacterial activity of Nigella sativa L. seed extract was most effective at 100% concentration for both solvents. This study found no significant difference in antibacterial effectiveness between the aquadest and n-hexane solvent extracts of Nigella sativa L. against Escherichia coli. Keywords: nigella sativa L., rscherichia coli, antibacterial   Abstrak—Penyakit infeksi masih menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang penting. Salah satu penyakit infeksi dapat disebabkan oleh Escherichia coli. Namun, saat ini ada peningkatan resistensi Escherichia coli terhadap beberapa antibiotik. Hal ini menyebabkan peningkatan permintaan untuk mengembangkan antibiotik baru yang dapat mengatasi perkembangan resistensi. Tanaman obat memiliki potensi besar dalam penemuan senyawa bioaktif yang dapat melawan mikroorganisme resisten. Nigella sativa L. adalah salah satu tanaman obat yang dikenal memiliki sifat antibakteri. Ekstrak biji Nigella sativa L. diperoleh menggunakan metode maserasi, menghasilkan empat konsentrasi berbeda: 12,5%, 25%, 50%, dan 100%. Ekstrak-ekstrak ini diuji terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli yang diisolasi pada media Agar Mueller Hinton menggunakan metode difusi cakram. Ekstrak biji Nigella sativa L. dengan pelarut aquadest menghasilkan diameter zona hambat rata-rata 0mm; 0mm; 0mm; 7mm, sedangkan dengan pelarut n-heksana menghasilkan diameter zona hambat rata-rata 0mm; 0mm; 0mm; 8,375mm pada konsentrasi 12,5%; 25%; 50%; 100%. Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak biji Nigella sativa L. paling efektif pada konsentrasi 100% untuk kedua pelarut. Penelitian ini menemukan tidak ada perbedaan signifikan dalam efektivitas antibakteri antara ekstrak pelarut aquadest dan n-heksana dari Nigella sativa L. terhadap Escherichia coli. Kata kunci: nigella sativa L., escherichia coli, antibakter

The Effect of Market Orientation and Strategic Flexibility on Competitive Advantage through Hotel Firm Performance in Surabaya

Purpose: The hospitality and tourism industry is a vital sector in Indonesia, significantly contributing to the country's economy. East Java is the province with the second-largest number of hotel buildings in all of Indonesia. The largest hotel star category in both Indonesia and East Java, particularly in Surabaya, the capital of East Java, is a three-star hotel. The tight competition in the hospitality industry, especially among the hotels themselves, makes business actors in this industry need to think about ways to survive. A key factor that enables a company to survive in a highly competitive industry is a competitive advantage. This study aims to investigate the impact of market orientation and strategic flexibility on a firm's competitive advantage, as measured by its performance. The study was conducted on three-, four-, and five-star hotels in Surabaya. Method: Research data were obtained through the distribution of questionnaires to owners or managers of three-, four-, and five-star hotels in Surabaya. A total of 110 responses were used as research data and processed using SEM-PLS data processing techniques. Result: The study's results showed that the market orientation variable had an impact on strategic flexibility and competitive advantage, but did not affect firm performance. The strategic flexibility variable was found to affect firm performance and competitive advantage. Firm performance was also found to have a significant effect on competitive advantage

The Impact Of Online Game Addiction On Financial Behavior (Case Study Of Gen Z In Sub Urban Islamic Economic Perspective)

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine, from an Islamic economic standpoint, the effects of online game addiction on the financial behavior of Generation Z in suburban regions. This study is novel because it combines behavioral finance, digital consumption patterns, and Islamic ethical values to investigate how digital-native youth handle their finances after engaging in prolonged gaming. This has not been extensively studied in prior research, especially in the context of Islamic economics. Method: This study used a qualitative case study methodology. 13 members of Generation Z living in suburban Sidoarjo who fit the description of online gamers who play for more than five hours every day and have dealt with in-game purchases made up the unit of analysis. Triangulation was used to ensure the validity of the data. Islamic financial behavior theories served as the foundation for the conceptual framework, and descriptive qualitative analysis with phases of data reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing was the analytical methodology employed. Result: The findings reveal that online game addiction significantly influences impulsive and unplanned digital spending habits among Gen Z. While many informants are aware of Islamic financial principles, their application in daily financial decisions remains minimal. However, some informants have begun adopting more responsible behaviors. This study contributes to the growing discourse on Islamic behavioral finance and recommends the development of contextualized Islamic financial literacy models for digital-native generations. Future research may expand into quantitative assessments or comparative studies between urban and rural yout

Perancangan Kampanye Sosial Kampanye Sosial "Politik Gak Ribet!" Sebagai Media Literasi Dasar Politik Bagi Gen Z

The low political participation among first-time voters and the strong reliance of Generation Z on social media highlight the need for accessible political education. This study aims to design a social campaign titled “Politik Gak Ribet!” as a basic political literacy medium for Gen Z. The campaign integrates motion graphics as the primary medium with interactive zines as a supporting medium, utilizing a design thinking approach to ensure engaging and meaningful communication.The campaign addresses four key topics: the importance of collective goals through discussion, fundamental knowledge of the electoral system, the impact of social media on political opinion, and the issue of political apathy. Visual elements include folk-art-style children's illustrations, fable-based metaphors, and simple interactive games such as crosswords to foster emotional and cognitive engagement.The results of this design project indicate the potential of visually driven and interactive media to serve as alternative educational tools that resonate with young audiences. The campaign is expected to promote critical awareness and encourage active civic engagement among Gen Z in Indonesia’s political sphere

Formulasi dan Uji Stabilitas Sediaan Masker Gel Peel-Off Ekstrak Seledri (Apium graveolens L.) dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Polivinil Alkohol (PVA)

Seledri (Apium graveolens L.) memiliki kandungan flavonoid, saponin dan tanin yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri pada Cutibacterium acnes. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan manfaat seledri dalam bentuk masker gel peel-off dengan konsentrasi polivinil alkohol (PVA) sebagai lapisan film sebesar 4%, 7%, dan 10%, serta mengetahui hasil uji mutu fisik dan uji stabilitas menggunakan metode cycling test dengan suhu ± 4°C dan ± 40°C selama 3 siklus. Analisis data hasil uji stabilitas diolah menggunakan uji One Way ANOVA. Hasil uji mutu fisik menunjukan bahwa masker gel peel-off ekstrak seledri dengan variasi konsentrasi PVA memiliki perbedaan pada hasil uji organoleptis, uji pH, uji daya sebar, uji daya lekat dan uji waktu mengering. Hasil uji stabilitas menunjukkan bahwa ketiga formula masker gel peel-off ekstrak seledri stabil selama pengujian. Konsentrasi PVA yang menunjukkan hasil paling baik yaitu PVA 10% dengan bentuk sangat kental, pH 5,42 ± 0,02, daya sebar 5,16 ± 0,03 cm, daya lekat 5,23 ± 0,06 detik, dan waktu mengering 18,0 ± 1,0 menit.   Celery (Apium graveolens L.) contains flavonoids, saponins and tannins which have antibacterial activity against Cutibacterium acnes. This study aims to develop the benefits of celery in the form of a peel-off gel mask with a concentration of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a film layer of 4%, 7%, and 10%, also determining the results of physical quality and stability tests using the cycling test method with temperatures of ± 4°C and ± 40°C for 3 cycles. Analysis of stability test data was processed using the One-Way ANOVA test. The results of the physical quality test showed that the celery extract peel-off gel mask with variations in PVA concentration had differences in the results of organoleptic, pH, spreadability, adhesion and drying time tests. The stability test results showed that the three celerys extract peel-off gel mask formulas were stable during testing.  The PVA concentration that showed the best results was 10% PVA with a very thick form, pH 5.42 ± 0.02, spreadability 5.16 ± 0.03 cm, adhesiveness 5.23 ± 0.06 seconds, and drying time 18.0 ± 1.0 minutes.   Submitted: 27-03-2025, Revised: 26-05-2025, Accepted: 03-06-2025, Published regularly: June 202

EVALUASI PENGELOLAAN LOGISTIK RANTAI DINGIN VAKSIN POLIO NOPV2 PADA PUTARAN KEDUA DI PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR

Abstract—Indonesia has successfully received a polio-free certificate along with other WHO member states in the Regional South East Asia Region (SEARO) in March 2014. Although polio cases have not been found in Indonesia for more than 10 years, the disease is still possible in Indonesia due to the importation of viruses from other countries or mutated vaccine viruses in areas with low polio immunization coverage over a long period of time. The specific purpose of the polio vaccine itself is to increase the immunity of the population through high, uniform coverage of Polio Immunization and good quality immunization implementation through the activities of the National Immunization Week NOPv2 activities of 2 rounds at the age of 0 to 7 years in all areas of East Java Province. The design of this study was carried out observationally and the data analyzed descriptively. The results of this study contain data on cold chain logistics management consisting of receipt, distribution, production, return of NOPv2 vaccines. The results of the study were then processed to show that the target results, acceptance, distribution, use met the target, but the results of the return did not match the rest of the vaccine in the second round. The implementation of cold chain logistics of the NOPv2 vaccine in the East Java Health Department can be said to meet the targets on target results, acceptance, distribution, and use, but it is expected to optimize the return results, so that the implementation of the NOPv2 vaccine program can proceed according to expectations. Keywords: logistics, cold chain, nOPV 2 vaccine   Abstrak—Indonesia telah berhasil menerima sertifikat bebas polio bersama dengan negara anggota WHO lainnya di Regional South East Asia Region (SEARO) pada bulan Maret 2014. Walaupun kasus polio sudah tidak ditemukan lagi di Indonesia selama lebih dari 10 tahun, namun penyakit ini masih mungkin terjadi di wilayah Indonesia oleh karena importasi virus dari negara lain atau virus vaksin yang bermutasi di daerah dengan cakupan imunisasi polio yang rendah dalam jangka waktu lama. Tujuan khusus dari vaksin polio sendiri yaitu untuk meningkatkan kekebalan populasi melalui cakupan Imunisasi Polio yang tinggi, merata dan mutu pelaksanaan imunisasi yang berkualitas baik melalui kegiatan Sub Pekan Imunisasi Nasional nOPV2 sebanyak 2 putaran pada usia 0 s/d 7 tahun di seluruh wilayah Provinsi Jawa Timur. Desain penelitian ini dilakukan secara observasional dan data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini berisikan data pengelolaan logistik rantai dingin yang terdiri dari penerimaan, pendistribusian, penggunaan, pengembalian vaksin nOPV2. Hasil dari data penelitian tersebut kemudian diolah sehingga menunjukan bahwa hasil sasaran, penerimaan, pendistribusian, penggunaan memenuhi target, namun hasil dari pengembalian tidak sesuai dengan sisa vaksin pada putaran kedua. Pelaksanaan logistik rantai dingin vaksin nOPV2 di Dinas Kesehatan Jawa Timur dapat dikatakan memenuhi target pada hasil sasaran, penerimaan, pendistribusian, dan penggunaan, namun diharapkan dapat mengoptimalkan hasil pengembaliannya, agar pelaksanaan program vaksin nOPV2 dapat berjalan sesuai dengan yang diharapkan. Kata kunci: logistik, rantai dingin, vaksin nOPV

Determinants of Poverty in East Java: Education, Unemployment, and Minimum Wage

This study aims to analyze the effect of average school years, open unemployment rate, and minimum wage on the number of poor people in East Java Province from 2014-2023. The research method used is quantitative with a descriptive approach, using panel data regression covering 38 districts/cities. The data analyzed were sourced from the East Java Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), including the number of poor people, average school years, open unemployment rate, and minimum wage. The analysis shows that average years of schooling have a significant negative effect on poverty. Although the minimum wage hurts poverty, the effect is minimal. These findings emphasize the importance of improving education and reducing unemployment as the main strategies for poverty alleviation in East Java

Study on the Banana Peel Hydrolysate for Lactic Acid Bacteria Growth Media

Abstract—Banana peel is food waste material that may contain certain beneficial nutrition and be useful for bacterial media production. This experiment aims to determine the effect of several variables which may have influence on the ability of banana peel to support probiotic growth. The thermal treatment used autoclave. In the hydrolysis step for probiotic growth, the variables studied were pH and temperature. The best result of hydrolysis was obtained by the initial steam treatment, followed by hydrolysis process at pH 4.5 and 95oC. The reducing sugar content obtained was 0.96 g/L. In the fermentation process, pure banana peel hydrolysate media was able produces to support Lactobacillus plantarum growth better than mixed media. The pure banana peel hydrolysate media could achieve up to 12.89 log CFU/ml. The amylase activity produced in the pure banana peel hydrolysate media was 8.14 DP. Keywords: banana, probiotic, hydrolysis, growth, amylase Abstrak—Kulit pisang merupakan bahan limbah yang memiliki kandungan nutrisi menguntungkan dan berguna untuk produksi media pertumbuhan bakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan pengaruh beberapa variabel yang dapat mempengaruhi kulit pisang untuk mendukung pertumbuhan probiotik. Kulit pisang tersebut diolah melalui hidrolisis enzimatik menggunakan enzim amylase termofilik. Variabel sebelum proses hidrolisis adalah penggunaan pengolahan termal menggunakan uap air dan tanpa pengolahan. Pada langkah hidrolisis, variabel yang dipelajari adalah pH dan suhu. Hasil hidrolisa terbaik adalah dengan penggunaan pengolahan awal dengan uap air diikuti dengan hidrolisis pada pH 4,5 dan suhu 95oC. Kandungan gula pereduksi yang diperoleh sebesar 0,96 g/L. Pada proses fermentasi, media dari hidrolisat kulit pisang murni dapat menghasilkan pertumbuhan Lactobacillus plantarum sampai 12,89 log CFU/mL. Aktivitas amylase yang dihasilkan dari media hidrolisat kulit pisang tersebut adalah 8,14 DP. Keywords: pisang, probiotic, hydrolysis, growth, amylas

PENGARUH FIRM SIZE TERHADAP TAX AVOIDANCE DENGAN VARIABEL KINERJA KEUANGAN SEBAGAI VARIABEL KONTROL

This study examines the influence of firm size on tax avoidance, incorporating financial performance as a control variable through profitability indicators (Return on Assets and Return on Equity), liquidity (Current Ratio), and leverage (Debt to Equity Ratio). A quantitative research method was employed, utilizing purposive random sampling on 69 corporate taxpayers registered at the KPP Pratama Makassar Utara, specifically those located in the Makassar Industrial Area (KIMA), who had fulfilled their tax obligations during the 2021–2023 period. The findings indicate that firm size, profitability, and leverage have a significant impact on tax avoidance. In contrast, liquidity does not exhibit a significant effect on tax avoidance. Future research is recommended to expand alternative proxies for the variables employed in this study, such as total revenue for firm size, Net Profit Margin for profitability, Debt to Asset Ratio for leverage, and Cash Ratio for liquidity. Furthermore, future studies may consider broadening the research scope and exploring other industries to enhance the reliability of the findings

Pengaruh pengetahuan, sosialisasi, dan sanksi pajak terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak orang pribadi di surakarta

Purpose – This study aims to analyze the effect of tax knowledge, tax socialization, and tax sanctions on compliance of individual taxpayers in Surakarta. Methods – This research uses a quantitative approach. The population is individual taxpayers in the Surakarta area. Data collection techniques with conviening sample. Data analysis tools using SPSS version 20. Primary data is generated from distributing questionnaires. Findings - The results showed that knowledge and socialization variables had a positive and significant effect on taxpayer compliance. On the other hand, tax sanctions have a positive, but insignificant effect on compliance. Implications - The findings support the theory of planned behavior which strengthens the research results to further consider effective programs to improve compliance. This research is expected to be a consideration for the government in making policies. Originality - This research has a significant research area and the findings produced can answer the differences in the results of previous studies