Surgical Management of a Wound with Myiasis in a Bengal Monitor Lizard (Varanus bengalensis)

An Adult male Bengal Monitor Lizard weighing around 2.3 kg rescued by a wildlife conservationist from a metal trap and presented with incised wound with inverted skin noticed around the neck region exposing the neck muscles. The neck wound was infested with live maggots, after the removal of the maggots wound was irrigated with metronidazole + povidone iodine solution and bandaged. Ivermectine tablet (Neomec -Intas) was administered as single dose (0.2 mg/kg)†the lizard was anaesthetized using inj. Ketamine hydrochloride at a rate 10mg/kg body weight intramuscularly and kept on dorsal recumbency. The wound edges were debrided and freshened, then the skin edges were sutured using polyglactin 910 (2-0) in cross mattress pattern under aseptic condition. A collagen based Gentamicin ointment was applied over the suture line and was bandaged. Inj. Amoxicillin and cloxacillin combination at a rate 10mg/Kg body weight was administered intramuscularly for five days. After wound healing the sutures were removed on 10th post-operative day and the lizard was released in the forest

Sleep Attacks with Associated Sleep Terrors in a Six Year Old Thoroughbred Gelding

A six year old thoroughbred gelding presented with a two year history of somnolence and altered behavior of two years duration. In the three months immediately preceding presentation episodes of sleep attacks and accompanying sleep terrors were observed. There had been no evidence of recumbent or paradoxical sleep during this period. An examination of the upper airways revealed evidence of palatal instability (PI). An oral palatopharyngoplasty (OPP) was performed to reduce this instability (PI). Clinical observations in the eight months following surgery suggested a possible link between PI, upper airways obstruction (UAO) and a horse’s ability to achieve adequate paradoxical sleep

The Modified Oral Palatopharyngoplasty or Modified Ahern Procedure

An oral palatopharyngoplasty, was a surgical procedure developed in the 1980’s and first published in 1992. The purpose of the procedure was to reduce the incidence of palatal instability (PI) and subsequent dorsal displacement of the soft palate (DDSP). In the years following the first publication, the procedure underwent numerous modifications to improve the likelihood of obtaining useful increases in tension in the tissues supporting the palatine aponeurosis and at the same time reducing the incidence of wound breakdown. These changes have led to the present technique now referred to as a Modified Oral Palatopharyngoplasty or Modified Ahern Procedure

Review on the Relationship of Climate Change and Prevalence of Animal Diseases

Climate change is a subset of the larger set of ecosystem change that is promoting the emergence and re emergence of animal diseases. It affects livestock health through several pathways. These includes effects on pathogens, such as higher temperatures affecting the rate of development of pathogens or parasites; effects on hosts, such as shifts in disease distribution that may affect susceptible animal populations; effects on vectors, such as changes in rainfall and temperature regimes that can affect both the distribution and the abundance of disease vectors; and effects on epidemiology, like altered transmission rates between hosts, food safety and animal production. Furthermore, Climate change influences the emergence and proliferation of disease hosts or vectors and pathogens and their breeding, development and disease transmission. Consequently, it affects distributions, host–parasite relationships and its assemblages to new areas. Indirectly the climate change can affect quantity and quality of fodder crops, animal production, severity and distribution of diseases in both domestic and wild animal that result in their migrations. Most developing countries are highly vulnerable to this climatic impact. From this developing countries Ethiopia is the one that faces recurrent drought due to climate change in its different parts that ends in economic crises. Even though this climatic change causes different economic impacts in the country, a few researches were conducted on it. Now climate models suggest that Ethiopia will see a further warming of between 0.7°C and 2.3°C by the 2020s and between 1.4°C and 2.9°C by the 2050s. So that, it is important to create awareness for the society how climatic change can occurred and result in prevalence of infectious animal disease that end up with economic crises of the country

Disseminated Histoplasmosis Due to Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii in a Non-HIV Patient in Togo: A Case Report

Background: Histoplasmosis is a fungal infection due to Histoplasma capsulatum. We report a case of disseminated African histoplasmosis in an HIV uninfected patient in Togo.Case Report: A 35-year-old woman was admitted in dermatology for disseminated nodular lesions and left shoulder pain for 4 months. On examination, there were firm or softened nodular lesions with torpid ulceration and translucent molluscoid-like papules disseminated on the face, trunk, and limbs. There was also a painful swelling of the left shoulder, with an impotent upper limb. Histology showed an acanthotic epidermis discretely keratotic. In the dermis, there were granulomas with giant cells, histiocytes and polymorphonuclear cells around largely altered yeasts. The presence of Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii was confirmed by direct microscopic examination. Chest X-ray showed a left minimal abundance pleurisy. Shoulder x-ray showed heterogeneous lysis of the left humeral head and a large osteopenia of bones associated with left scapulo-humeral dislocation. The medical treatment was based on itraconazole (400mg/day) for 4 months relieved by fluconazole (450 mg/day) with good evolution after 4 months.Conclusion: A disseminated form of African histoplasmosis can be observed in non-HIV infected patients. The prognosis depends on the precocity of the diagnosis and the treatment

Drugs Side Effects in Pregnant Women Infected with HIV Referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital, Voluntary Counseling and Testing Center Tehran, Iran 2009 – 2013

Objective: To have enough information about the prevalence of the ARV side effects in pregnant women infected with HIV and their infants and also evaluate drug efficacy in decreasing HIV infection in their children.Method: This descriptive study was based on information of 40 pregnant women infected with HIV files at voluntary and counseling center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran during 2009 -2013. In this study, we evaluated epidemiologic, demographic, clinical, laboratory data and drugs side effects,.Results: The most commonly used drug group was AZT/3TC/EFV; about 75.5% of patients received mother to child prevention and 27.5% received ARV Antiretroviral therapy treatment. 5% anemia, 2.5% rash and 2.5% pre rupture of membranes were reported and no preeclampsia or gestational diabetes were reported in patients files. Only one abortion (2.5%) was occurred in late first trimester. Except rash, other adverse effects were solely reported in ARV treatment group. All neonates had normal Apgar score. Fetal defects were not reported at birth.Conclusion: In this evaluation, safety of ARV in pregnancy period and at birth was observed especially in the group received prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT). So we advise ARV treatment or PMTCT in pregnancy period

Dual Quaternions Robotics: A) The 3R Planar Manipulator

Kinematics analysis studies the relative motions, such as, first of all, the displacement in space of the end effector of a given robot, and thus its velocity and acceleration, associated with the links of the given robot that is usually designed so that it can position its end-effector with a three degree-of-freedom of translation and three degree-of-freedom of orientation within its workspace. This chapter presents mainly, on the light of both main concepts; the first being the screw motion or/ and dual quaternions kinematics while the second concerns the classical ‘Denavit and Hartenberg parameters method’ the direct kinematics of a planar manipulator. First of all, examples of basic solid movements such as rotations, translations, their combinations and general screw motions are studied using both (4x4) matrices rigid body transformations and dual quaternions so that the reader could compare and note the similarity of the results obtained using one or the other method. Both dual quaternions technique as well as its counterpart the classical ‘Denavit and Hartenberg parameters method’ are finally applied to a three degree of freedom (RRR) planar manipulator. Finally, we and the reader, can observe that the two methods confirm exactly one another by giving us the same results for each of the examples and applications considered, while noting that the fastest, simplest more straightforward and easiest to apply method, is undoubtedly the one using dual quaternions. As a result this work may as well act as a beginners guide to the practicality of using dual-quaternions to represent the rotations and translations ie: or any rigid motion in character-based hierarchies.We must emphasize the fact that the use of Matlab software and quaternions and / or dual quaternions in the processing of 3D rotations and/or screw movements is and will always be the most efficient, fast and accurate first choice. Dual quaternion direct kinematics method could be generalised, in the future, to more complicated spatial and/ or industrial robots as well as to articulated and multibody system

Conference Issue-2nd International Conference on Autoimmunity 2018; Where have we Gotten to?

Editoria

Successful Trans-Radial Coronary Intervention through “Arteria Lusoriaâ€

Arteria Lusoria or aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA) is present in 0.6–1.4% of individuals. The presence of ARSA can make a right transradial approach for coronary angiography and angioplasty technically more difficult. We describe a case in which a right Trans-radial approach for catheterization was successful in the setting of ARSA

Linear Dimensional Changes and Water Sorption of Acrylic Resin Denture Base Material Reinforced with Chopped Glass Fibers or Metal Fillers

The aim of this study was to determine and compare the linear dimensional changes, and water sorption of a denture base polymer reinforced with chopped glass fiber and metal filler. The dimensional changes were measured immediately after processing, after 1, 2, 3, 7 and 14 days of water storage. The results revealed that both types of reinforcement affect the dimensional accuracy and water sorption of the test specimens. The greatest dimensional accuracy was found with the glass fiber reinforced test specimens. The lowest amount of water sorption was found with the metal-filled test specimens. It was concluded that, metal fillers decreased the water sorption of the resin material greater than the effect of glass fibers, while the glass fibers showed marked reduction in the linear dimensional changes of acrylic resin than that of the metal fillers. The glass fibers and metal fillers can be clinically used as a denture base reinforcement