MUDA WALY AL-KHALIDI (1917-1961): PESANTREN, TARIQAH, AND POLITICS OF RELIGIOUS AUTHORITY IN ACEH

This study explores the life and contributions of Muda Waly al-Khalidi (1917–1961), a prominent Acehnese ulama who played a crucial role in shaping Islamic education, Sufi practices, and ulama politics of religious authority in Aceh. Muda Waly was instrumental in advancing the Ahlussunnah wal Jama'ah (Aswaja) theological tradition and propagating the Naqshbandiyya Khalidiyya tariqa.Naqshbandiyah Khalidiyah tariqa. He founded the Darussalam Islamic boarding school (pesantren) in Labuhanhaji, which became a significant center for Islamic learning in Aceh. His efforts also extended into politics through his involvement with Persatuan Tarbiyah Islamiyah (PERTI), a traditionalist Islamic organization countering modernist influences. Using Foucault’s genealogy approach, this study examines the intellectual and religious formation of Muda Waly, tracing his educational lineage in Sumatra and Mecca, his engagement in theological debates, and his role in shaping Aceh’s religious landscape.  I argue that the legacy of Muda Waly al-Khalidi represents an intricate process of knowledge formation and power relations in Aceh’s religious landscape. His establishment of pesantren, propagation of the Naqshbandiyya Khalidiyya Sufi order, and resistance to modernist movements illustrate the genealogical development of religious authority. His contributions demonstrate how religious authoritytraditions are continuously reshaped through negotiation, appropriation, and resistance. Future studies could further explore how his epistemic legacy continues to evolve in response to emerging theological and political contestations in Indonesia.

DIVERSITY OF FERNS (PTERIDOPHYTA) WITH DIFFERENT VEGETATION IN FOREST AREAS BUKUM VILLAGE, SIBOLANGIT SUB-DISTRICT

Ferns or Pteridophyta are lower plants from the Cryptogamae division, which can be distinguished between roots, leaves, and stems. Ferns have great ecological importance, namely as understory plants that contribute to the long-term sustainability of forest ecosystems by mixing soil litter, as ground cover vegetation, as producers in the food chain, and as one of the pioneer plants in the succession of forest ecosystems. This study aims to determine the species, diversity index, and distribution pattern of ferns based on different vegetation in the Forest Area of Bukum Village, Sibolangit District, North Sumatra. The method used in this research is an exploratory survey method with a purposive sampling technique. The results of this study were 39 species found in the Forest Area of Bukum Village, 21 species in the watershed vegetation, 16 species in the Coffee Garden vegetation, and 14 species in the Primary Forest vegetation. The diversity index in the watershed vegetation is 2.32, the coffee plantation is 2.02, and the primary forest is 1.86. Based on the results of the diversity index, it shows that the diversity of ferns in the Forest area of Bukum Village is classified as moderate so the community is said to be stable. The Morisita index on the river flow vegetation is 1.43, the coffee garden vegetation is 2.13, and the primary forest vegetation is 2.05. The results of the Morisita index from each vegetation indicate that the distribution pattern of ferns in the Forest Area of Bukum Village is grouped because the environmental conditions required by ferns are not uniform

Integration of Local Wisdom in the Implementation of the Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) Policy in The Biology Education Study Programs in Indonesia: Analysis and Evaluation

This study analyzes the implementation of the “Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM)” program in the Biology Education Study Program (BESP) on various campuses in Indonesia with a special focus on the integration of local wisdom. Data was collected from respondents in 44 study programs covering aspects such as campus status, accreditation, course repositioning, implementation of MBKM activities, and suggestions and recommendations for program improvement. The results of the analysis show that the majority of study programs at state campuses (75%) have repositioned the curriculum and implemented various forms of MBKM activities such as student exchanges (70.45%), internships/work practices (68.18%), and teaching assistance. The integration of local wisdom is emerging as an important aspect, with many study programs using local wisdom in academic activities and business product development, such as using traditional medicinal plants for health products. Key suggestions from respondents included the need for standardization of guidelines, financial assistance for students, periodic evaluations, and adjusting the curriculum to the needs of the times. Most study programs have ensured that MBKM activities follow the formulated Program Learning Outcomes (PLO), with 63.64% of study programs stating that they always ensure this suitability. However, there are still challenges in the process of recognizing MBKM activities into courses and integrating these activities into a thesis or final project, with 77.27% of study programs not carrying out this integration. The study concludes that although MBKM has been doing well, there is still room for improvement. There needs to be further efforts in terms of integrating local wisdom, financial support, and strengthening collaboration between educational institutions and local communities. Clear and standardized implementation of guidelines, as well as continuous evaluation, are essential to improve the effectiveness and benefits of the MBKM program

Analysis of the Effects of Tropical Fruit Extracts on the Physicochemical, Tenderness and Organoleptic Characteristics of Buffalo Meat

Buffalo meat is an essential protein source in many regions but faces quality challenges, including oxidation, discoloration, and reduced tenderness. This study investigates the impact of soaking buffalo meat in extracts from melinjau, papaya, and pineapple on its physicochemical properties (color, protein, fat content, and tenderness) and organoleptic characteristics (color, aroma, texture, tenderness, and juiciness). Buffalo meat samples were soaked in fruit extracts for varying durations, followed by analysis of color, protein and fat content, tenderness, and sensory qualities. The results showed significant effects of soaking on color, with melinjau and papaya extracts improving lightness and reducing redness. Soaking with papaya and pineapple extracts enhanced tenderness, while melinjau extract increased juiciness. Protein content decreased slightly, but fat content was significantly reduced, particularly with papaya extract. Sensory evaluation revealed that melinjau extract produced the most favorable tenderness and juiciness, while papaya and pineapple extracts also improved tenderness. These findings suggest that tropical fruit extracts can be used to enhance buffalo meat quality by improving tenderness, reducing fat content, and extending shelf life. This natural preservation method offers a potential alternative to synthetic additives, contributing to better sensory properties and higher-quality buffalo meat products

COMMUNICATIVE FUNCTIONS USED IN POPE’S 2021 SPEECH IN IRAQ: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF RELIGIOUS PLURALISM

The ongoing state of religious diversity leads to the need of adhering interfaith dialogue as a means for achieving religious pluralism that encourages and promotes respect and acceptance of freedom of religion. Pope Francis’s (2021) speech delivered in the historical City of Ur, Iraq is a call for such pluralism. In this study, it is hypothesised that Pope has focused on the communicative functions that enhance religious diversity acceptance. The study aims at finding out the communicative functions employed in Pope’s speech. In order to achieve this aim, Gerard Genette’s theory of narratology (1980) is adopted. Based on the findings of the analysis, it is concluded that various communicative functions are utilized: narrative, directing, communication, and ideological. Mostly used one is the communication function which is critical in transmitting the fundamental message of unity, peace, and brotherhood. This function is critical for engaging the audience and instilling a sense of shared responsibility for promoting tolerance and peace among religious communities. Consequently, the conclusions arrived at affirm the put hypotheses

Morphology of Bacteria and Fungi From The Fermentation of Asam Drien as a Local Food Ingredient of West Aceh

A typical food ingredient of the Aceh region, especially the western and southern, is Asam drien (language from the West Aceh region). Asam drien is made from durian fruit meat, usually due to the abundance of durian fruit, or because the durian fruit is of poor quality such as the taste of the bland fruit meat, then most of the people utilize the durian fruit into Asam drien which can be used as a seasoning for cooking. The purpose of this study was to identify the morphological characteristics of bacterial and fungal colonies in Asam drien processing, this study used a qualitative descriptive method for colony characteristics, and biochemical tests. The results of research on bacteria and fungi in Asam drien found 14 colonies from the entire fermentation both at home and in the laboratory, namely irregular and diffuse, elongated, round, and threaded shapes; colony color characteristics obtained only one color, namely cream color; characteristics of colony edges there are 5, namely: wavy, squiggly, smooth, serrated, and threadbare. Colony elevation characteristics obtained 2 forms, namely flat and raised. There are 2 types of colony surface characteristics, namely rough and smooth shiny. Then reisolated on selective media DeMan Rogosa Sharpe Agar (MRS Agar) for lactic acid bacteria. The results of observations found 11 colonies from the entire fermentation each consisting of 2 types of isolates Ka and Kb which are Gram-positive bacteria bacillus and coccus cell forms. As well as fungi that grow on Asam drien, namely the genus Rhizopus and the type of yeast found from the genus Saccharomyces. The catalase test on Asam drien bacteria is positive, has proteolytic, amylolytic, and cellulolytic potential, but is not able to hydrolyze fat and alcohol

PROJECT-BASED LEARNING WITH POWTOON VIDEO: ENHANCE CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS IN CLASS V IPAS LEARNING

The background of this study stems from the observation that teaching methods, such as problem-based learning using PowerPoint, tend to be less engaging and fail to optimally develop students’ critical thinking abilities. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of applying the Project Based Learning model supported by Powtoon interactive video media on students' critical thinking skills on water cycle material in elementary schools. The method used was a quasi-experiment with a Non Equivalent Control Group design, involving two classes of 25 students each. The research instrument consisted of pre-test and post-test questions that had been tested for validity and reliability. The results showed that the application of the Project Based Learning model supported by Powtoon significantly improved students' critical thinking, especially in interpretation, analysis, evaluation, inference, explanation, information relate to the water cycle. In the results of Cosen's D analysis, the project-based learning model with powtoon video media has a very significant increase compared to the problem-based model with PPT media on students' critical thinking skills, this shows an effect size of 1.182 which means a very large influence.

Development of a Virtual Laboratory for Bacterial Culture as a Biology Learning Media

This research aims to develop a virtual laboratory Android application entitled "Bacterial Culture" as an innovative learning media in Microbiology courses. This application simulates the bacterial culture process, including media preparation, sterilization techniques, inoculation, and analysis of results. This research is a Research and Development (R&D) study using the Borg and Gall model which was adapted into six stages. The design validation stage includes validation of media and material experts, namely microbiology lecturers and small group trials involving third semester Biology Education students at IAIN Kudus. The results of expert validation by microbiology course lecturers show that this media obtained a validity score of 91.6% (very valid), and practicality testing by 3rd semester students obtained a score of 61.6% (Special). These findings indicate that the virtual laboratory "Bacterial Culture" is a learning medium that can support students' understanding of bacterial culture practicum before carrying out practicum in the laboratory. This study contributes to the progress of technology-based education which is aligned with the Independent Campus Learning Curriculum (MBKM)

Habitat Deterioration of The Golden Horn Bill (Aceros undulatus) in Tahura Pocut Meurah Intan

Pocut Meurah Intan Forest Park, also referred to as Tahura Pocut Meurah Intan, is a protected region located in Aceh Province. The transformation of forested lands into single-crop plantations is leading to significant alterations in the ecological environment. The practice of wood gathering through logging in various sections of the Tahura Pocut Meurah Intan region is interfering with the natural habitats of numerous animal species. This research aimed to assess the habitat loss of the golden hornbill (Aceros undulatus) within Tahura Pocut Meurah Intan. The approach employed for this investigation was an exploratory survey. Data was gathered through a combination of techniques, including the line transect method, concentration count method, and quadrat method. Findings indicated that the habitat degradation affecting the golden hornbill (Aceros undulatus) in Tahura Pocut Meurah Intan was alarmingly severe. In 2021, the extent of habitat damage in the Tahura Pocut Meurah Intan area rose to 2 hectares of primary forest and 21 hectares of tree canopy loss

The Effect of Substituting Wheat Flour with Composite Flour (Cucurbita moschata and Daucus carota L.) on Biscuits as a Source of Beta Carotene for Stunted Children

The problem of stunting in Indonesia is still quite high, namely 21,6% based on data from the 2022 Indonesian Nutrition Status Survey (SSGI). One of the effective measures to control stunting is through providing additional food (PMT) such as biscuits to children. Carrots and pumpkin are local foods that are rich in beta carotene. Carotenoids as a source of provitamin A are able to overcome the problem of vitamin A deficiency (VAD), which is the cause of growth disorders in children. This research aims to determine the effect of substitution of yellow pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) and carrot (Daucus carota L.) composite flour on organoleptic characteristics including color, aroma, taste, texture and nutritional content (beta carotene, carbohydrates, protein and fat). This research used a Randomized Block Design (RAK) with 3 treatments, namely formula 1 (150 grams of wheat flour, 50 grams of pumpkin flour and 50 grams of carrot flour), formula 2 (50 grams of wheat flour, 60 grams of pumpkin flour and 50 grams of flour carrots) and formula 3 (50 grams of wheat flour, 50 grams of pumpkin flour and 150 grams of carrot flour) with 3 repetitions. The research results showed that formula 3 biscuits were the best formulation in terms of organoleptic characteristics with the highest beta carotene content compared to F1 and F2. F3 biscuits contain 30,97 mg beta carotene, 7,45 grams of carbohydrates, 3,22 grams of protein and 8,89 grams of fat. The conclusion of this research is that the substitution of wheat flour with composite flour (Cucurbita moschata and Daucus carota L.) has an effect on the nutritional content (beta carotene, carbohydrates, protein and fat) of biscuits. Consuming pumpkin biscuits per 100 grams can qualify as a good source of the antioxidant beta carotene