Emergent Exoplanet Flux: Review of the Spitzer Results

Observations using the Spitzer Space Telescope provided the first detections of photons from extrasolar planets. Spitzer observations are allowing us to infer the temperature structure, composition, and dynamics of exoplanet atmospheres. The Spitzer studies extend from many hot Jupiters, to the hot Neptune orbiting GJ436. Here I review the current status of Spitzer secondary eclipse observations, and summarize the results from the viewpoint of what is robust, what needs more work, and what the observations are telling us about the physical nature of exoplanet atmospheres.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures, to appear in Proceedings of IAU Symposium 25

A first checklist of the lichen-forming fungi of the Venezuelan Andes

Basing on an evaluation of the literature and some unpublished collections, 745 taxa of lichen forming-fungi are reported from the Venezuelan Andes, including 10 infraspecific taxa. Of these taxa 37 are new records for Venezuela: Actinoplaca vulgaris (Müll. Arg.) Vezda & Poelt, Asterothyrium decipiens (Rehm) R. Sant., Calopadia foliicola (Fée) Vezda, C. fusca (Müll. Arg.) Vezda, C. phyllogena (Müll. Arg.) Vezda, Chrysothrix chlorina (Ach.) J. R. Laundon, Cystocoleus ebeneus (Dillwyn) Thwaites, Diploschistes scruposus (Schreb.) Norm., Echinoplacaleucotrichoides (Vain.) R. Sant., Fellhanerabouteillei (Desm.) Vezda, F.dominicana (Vain.) Vezda, F. fuscatula (Müll. Arg.) Vezda, F. sublecanorina (Nyl.) Vezda, Gyalectidium filicinum Müll. Arg., Lecidea limosa Ach., Lepraria neglecta Auct., Ochrolechia africana Vain., Peltigera vainioi Gyelnik, Phyllobathelium nigrum R. Sant. & Tibell, Phyllophialealba R. Sant., Polymeridiumalbidum (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris, Porina epiphylla (Fée) Fée, Racodium rupestre Pers., Ramalina asahinae W. Culb. & C. Culb., R. calcarata Krog & Swinsc., R. puiggarii Müll Arg., R. rectangularis Nyl., Rhizoplaca melanophthalma (DC.) Leuckert & Poelt, Strigula antillarum (Fée) Müll. Arg., S. platypoda (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris, Tapellaria epiphylla (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant., T.nana (Fée) R. Sant., Tephromela aglaea (Sommerf.) Hertel & Rambold, Tricharia vainioi R. Sant., Trichothelium epiphyllum Müll. Arg., T. bipindense F. Schill. and Vezdaea foliicola Sérusiaux. Another 4 species are new records only for the Venezuelan Andes: Dimerellaepiphylla (Müll. Arg.) Malme, Porinaatrocoerulea Müll. Arg., Ramalina peruviana Ach. and Woessia apiahica (Müll. Arg.) Sérus. A list of synonyms used in the consulted literature is added. Four new combinations are proposed: Dictyonema zahlbruckneri (Schiffn.) V. Marcano, Heterodermia tropica (Kurok.) Sipman, Parmelinopsis cleefii (Sipman) V. Marcano & Sipman and Phyllobaeislinearis (De Vries) V. Marcano & Sipman

Hacia la construcción de una nueva concepción de la supervisión escolar en Colombia

184 Páginas.​Para la realización de este estudio se escogió una metodología de investigación descriptiva. Por esta razón se seleccionaron las experiencias de México, Chile y Finlandia y se detalló la situación de la SIVE en Colombia, siempre utilizando como punto de observación la gestión educativa alrededor del tema objeto de estudi

SPITZER observations of the λ Orionis cluster. II. Disks around solar-type and low-mass stars

We present IRAC/MIPS Spitzer Space Telescope observations of the solar-type and the low-mass stellar population of the young (~5Myr) λ Orionis cluster. Combining optical and Two Micron All Sky Survey photometry, we identify 436 stars as probable members of the cluster. Given the distance (450 pc) and the age of the cluster, our sample ranges in mass from 2 M_⊙ to objects below the substellar limit. With the addition of the Spitzer mid-infrared data, we have identified 49 stars bearing disks in the stellar cluster. Using spectral energy distribution slopes, we place objects in several classes: non-excess stars (diskless), stars with optically thick disks, stars with “evolved disks” (with smaller excesses than optically thick disk systems), and “transitional disk” candidates (in which the inner disk is partially or fully cleared). The disk fraction depends on the stellar mass, ranging from ~6% for K-type stars (R_C − J 4). We confirm the dependence of disk fraction on stellar mass in this age range found in other studies. Regarding clustering levels, the overall fraction of disks in the λ Orionis cluster is similar to those reported in other stellar groups with ages normally quoted as ~5Myr

Behavior of early warnings near the critical temperature in the two-dimensional Ising model

Among the properties that are common to complex systems, the presence of critical thresholds in the dynamics of the system is one of the most important. Recently, there has been interest in the universalities that occur in the behavior of systems near critical points. These universal properties make it possible to estimate how far a system is from a critical threshold. Several early-warning signals have been reported in time series representing systems near catastrophic shifts. The proper understanding of these early-warnings may allow the prediction and perhaps control of these dramatic shifts in a wide variety of systems. In this paper we analyze this universal behavior for a system that is a paradigm of phase transitions, the Ising model. We study the behavior of the early-warning signals and the way the temporal correlations of the system increase when the system is near the critical point.Comment: 20 pages, 8 figures, Submitted to PLOS ONE on Oct. 20th 2014. PONE-D-14-4718

Evaluación formativa y competencias profesionales en estudiantes de Maestría, mención Docencia Universitaria de la Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle

La actual investigación tuvo como propósito establecer si existe relación entre las variables Evaluación Formativa y Competencias Profesionales a fin de contribuir con el mejoramiento de la calidad educativa. La muestra fue conformada con 60 estudiantes de maestría, mención Docencia Universitaria de la Escuela de Posgrado de la Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle. Esta muestra fue no probabilística, de tipo censal; es decir, todos los estudiantes del III ciclo de maestría 2019. El enfoque de la investigación es cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo. Y el diseño de la investigación es correlacional. El instrumento utilizado fue el cuestionario, que constó de 15 ítems para cada variable con una puntuación ordinal. Los resultados indicaron que los estudiantes de maestría reciben una evaluación formativa, a través de una retroalimentación constante, desarrollando el pensamiento crítico y la autorregulación del aprendizaje, que conlleva al desarrollo de competencias profesionales en sus tres dimensiones: técnica, metodológica y humanística. Por tanto, se concluyó que la evaluación formativa se relaciona significativamente con las competencias profesionales en los estudiantes de la Escuela de Posgrado, mención Docencia Universitaria, de la Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle.The current research aimed at determining whether there is a relation between Formative Assessment and Professional Competencies variables in order to contribute to the improvement of educational quality. The sample was composed of 60 students enrolled in a master degree in tertiary education program of Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán Valle Graduate School. The sample chosen was non-probabilistic of census-type, that is to say, all the students of the III master's degree cycle 2019. The research has a quantitative-descriptive approach and a correlational design. The questionnaire was used as an instrument, comprising 15 items for each variable with an ordinal score. The results showed that master's students receive a formative assessment, through constant feedback, developing critical thinking and self-regulated of learning. This leads to the development of professional competences in its three dimensions: technical, methodological and humanistic. Hence, it was concluded that the formative assessment is significantly related to the professional competencies of the students enrolled in the master degree in tertiary education program of Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle

Resiliencia en estudiantes del nivel secundaria en una institución educativa pública de el Tambo – Huancayo – 2022

RESUMEN El siguiente trabajo de investigación pretendió responder a la siguiente pregunta: ¿Cuáles son los niveles de resiliencia en estudiantes del nivel secundaria de la institución educativa pública Juan Parra del Riego del distrito de El Tambo – Huancayo - 2022? Por lo cual el objetivo que se planteó fue identificar los niveles de resiliencia en estudiantes del nivel secundaria de la institución educativa pública Juan Parra del Riego del distrito de El Tambo – Huancayo - 2022. La investigación es de nivel descriptivo, siendo básico el tipo, diseño no experimental el estudio se realizó con 85 estudiantes de nivel secundario de la mencionada institución. La variable se midió mediante el cuestionario denominado Escala de Resiliencia (ER) de Wagnild y Young, el mismo que cuenta con los requisitos de validez y confiabilidad. Los resultados evidencian que el 41,2 % de los estudiantes muestra niveles bajos de resiliencia, el 40% de estudiantes muestra niveles medios de resiliencia y el 18.8% muestra niveles altos de resiliencia. Se concluyó que la mayoría de estudiantes presentan niveles bajos de resiliencia, en otras palabras, estos no alcanzan la capacidad suficiente para adecuarse a los eventos y experiencias negativas, después de considerar los resultados. Se recomienda brindar talleres para el fortalecimiento de la resiliencia en los estudiantes con personal capacitado para ello. Palabras clave: resiliencia, confianza en sí mismo, ecuanimidad, perseverancia, satisfacción personal, sentirse bien solo, estudiantes de nivel secundario

Microstructure markets, strategy and exchange rate determination.

The main contribution of this empirical research is to demonstrate that agents’ strategies are important in the exchange rate determination. This research shows that strategic objectives are heterogeneous particularly when they are related to the expectations with respect to volatility. Trading strategies contribute to solving the empirical problem of explaining exchange rates. In this connection, the main research question addresses how far strategies are important in the exchange rates determination. The concept of strategy includes a) the strategic objectives, b) the trading strategies and c) the strategic content (agents preferred variables). This research departs from the Microstructure Markets Models used by Evans (2002, 2010). Unlike the literature, this empirical research includes a survey approach, combined with recently developed techniques in panel time series estimation, such as the Pooled mean-group (Pesaran and Smith 1995, Pesaran and Shin 1999, and Pesaran 2004), and especially the panel second step least squares with time-invariant variables (Panel 2SLS) (Atkinson 2014). The strategic objectives are extracted from the economic literature. Trading strategy characteristics are taken from the strategic management literature, and the strategic content (variables) from the microstructure literature. Among the findings are that: (a) strategic objectives comprise more than the traditional objective ‘profiting from investments’; (b) the effect of planning and learning strategies on the exchange rates is both important and statistically significant; and (c) market homogeneity is related to the strategic information used by market agents