Anton

Boucher

Collin

Couture

Divay

Goldenberg

Goldsmith

Huet-Massue

Jean-Pierre Collin

Kaplan

Keating

Linteau

Marler

McDonald

Monkkonen

Nantel

Orum

Pick

Sancton

Silver

Smyth

Tanghe

Taylor

Teaford

Waltzer

Wright

The Great Depression of the 1930s transformed municipal political life in Montreal, as it did that in other major cities in North America. For one thing, the debate between populists and reformers was revived as the electoral scene underwent fundamental changes. In many cities, political machines running on patronage became more influential as the middle class began to desert the city for the suburbs. At the same time, the margin of budgetary maneuvering available to cities was shrinking, and local public finances were reduced. Municipalities that had been obliged to borrow to meet social needs resulting from the depression were faced with a prolonged fiscal crisis, which for many of them resulted in bankruptcy and trusteeship. This was Montreal's fate in 1940.</jats:p

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Journal of Policy History

City Management and the Emerging Welfare State: Evolution of City Budgets and Civic Responsibilities in Montreal, 1931–1951

City Management and the Emerging Welfare State: Evolution of City Budgets and Civic Responsibilities in Montreal, 1931–1951

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