Childhood pneumonia is a major cause of childhood illness and the second leading cause of child death globally. Understanding the costs associated with the management of childhood pneumonia 

is essential for resource allocation and priority setting 

for child health

Adam

Alamgir

Alvis–Guzman

Al–Eidan

Ashraf

Aurangzeb

Ayieko

Bahia

Bhutta

Brotons

Chola

Constenla

Ehlken

Hussain

Khuri–Bulos

Kitchin

Lambert

Madsen

Nair

Newall

Rakha

Rudan

Sadruddin

Sahu

Sazawal

Sinha

Temple

Toan

PubMed

Shanshan Zhang 1,2

Peter M. Sammon 1

Isobel King 1,3

Ana  Lucia Andrade 4

Cristiana M. Toscano 4

Sheila N Araujo 4,5

Anushua Sinha 6

Shabir A. Madhi 7,8

Gulam Khandaker 9,10

Jiehui Kevin Yin 9,10

Robert Booy 9,10

Tanvir M Huda 11,12

Qazi  S Rahman 11

Shams El Arifeen 11

Angela Gentile 13

Norberto  Giglio 13

Mejbah U. Bhuiyan 14

Katharine Sturm–Ramirez 14,15

Bradford D. Gessner 16

Mardiati Nadjib 17

Phyllis J. Carosone– Link 18

Eric AF Simões 18,19

Jason A Child 20

Imran Ahmed 21

Zulfiqar A Bhutta 21

Sajid B Soofi 22

Rumana J Khan 23

Harry  Campbell 1

Harish Nair 1,24

Directory of Open Access Journals

Journal of Global Health

Cost of management of severe pneumonia in  young children: systematic analysis

Background: Childhood pneumonia is a major cause of childhood illness and the second leading cause of child death globally. Understanding the costs associated with the management of childhood pneumonia is essential for resource allocation and priority setting for child health.Methods: We conducted a systematic review to identify studies reporting data on the cost of management of pneumonia in children younger than 5 years old. We collected unpublished cost data on non–severe, severe and very severe pneumonia through collaboration with an international working group. We extracted data on cost per episode, duration of hospital stay and unit cost of interventions for the management of pneumonia. The mean (95% confidence interval, CI) and median (interquartile range, IQR) treatment costs were estimated and reported where appropriate.Results: We identified 24 published studies eligible for inclusion and supplemented these with data from 10 unpublished studies. The 34 studies included in the cost analysis contained data on more than 95 000 children with pneumonia from both low– and–middle income countries (LMIC) and high–income countries (HIC) covering all 6 WHO regions. The total cost (per episode) for management of severe pneumonia was US$ 4.3 (95% CI 1.5–8.7), US$ 51.7 (95% CI 17.4–91.0) and US$ 242.7 (95% CI 153.6–341.4)–559.4 (95% CI 268.9–886.3) in community, out–patient facilities and different levels of hospital in–patient settings in LMIC. Direct medical cost for severe pneumonia in hospital inpatient settings was estimated to be 26.6%–115.8% of patients’ monthly household income in LMIC. The mean direct non–medical cost and indirect cost for severe pneumonia management accounted for 0.5–31% of weekly household income. The mean length of stay (LOS) in hospital for children with severe pneumonia was 5.8 (IQR 5.3–6.4) and 7.7 (IQR 5.5–9.9) days in LMIC and HIC respectively for these children.Conclusion: This is the most comprehensive review to date of cost data from studies on the management of childhood pneumonia and these data should be helpful for health services planning and priority setting by national programmes and international agencies

Zhang, Shanshan

Sammon, Peter M.

King, Isobel

Andrade, Ana Lucia

Toscano, Cristiana M.

Araujo, Sheila N

Sinha, Anushua

Madh, Shabir A.

Khandaker, Gulam

Yin, Jiehui Kevin

Booy, Robert

Huda, Tanvir M

Rahman, Qazi S

Arifeen, Shams El

Gentile, Angela

Giglio, Norberto

Bhuiyan, Mejbah U.

Ramirez, Katharine Sturm

Gessner, Bradford D.

Nadjib, Mardiati

Carosone– Link, Phyllis J.

Simões, Eric AF

Child, Jason A

Ahmed, Imran

Bhutta, Zulfiqar Ahmed

Soofi, Sajid Bashir

eCommons@AKU

English

Cost of management of severe pneumonia in young children: Systematic analysis

Background Childhood pneumonia is a major cause of childhood illness and the second leading cause of child death globally. Understanding the costs associated with the management of childhood pneumonia is essential for resource allocation and priority setting for child health.   Methods We conducted a systematic review to identify studies reporting data on the cost of management of pneumonia in children younger than 5 years old. We collected unpublished cost data on non-severe, severe and very severe pneumonia through collaboration with an international working group. We extracted data on cost per episode, duration of hospital stay and unit cost of interventions for the management of pneumonia. The mean (95% confidence interval, CI) and median (interquartile range, IQR) treatment costs were estimated and reported where appropriate.   Results We identified 24 published studies eligible for inclusion and supplemented these with data from 10 unpublished studies. The 34 studies included in the cost analysis contained data on more than 95 000 children with pneumonia from both low-and-middle income countries (LMIC) and high-income countries (HIC) covering all 6 WHO regions. The total cost (per episode) for management of severe pneumonia was US$ 4.3 (95% CI 1.5-8.7), US$ 51.7 (95% CI 17.491.0) and US$ 242.7 (95% CI 153.6-341.4)-559.4 (95% CI 268.9-886.3) in community, out-patient facilities and different levels of hospital in-patient settings in LMIC. Direct medical cost for severe pneumonia in hospital inpatient settings was estimated to be 26.6%-115.8% of patients&apos; monthly household income in LMIC. The mean direct non-medical cost and indirect cost for severe pneumonia management accounted for 0.5-31% of weekly household income. The mean length of stay (LOS) in hospital for children with severe pneumonia was 5.8 (IQR 5.3-6.4) and 7.7 (IQR 5.5-9.9) days in LMIC and HIC respectively for these children.   Conclusion This is the most comprehensive review to date of cost data from studies on the management of childhood pneumonia and these data should be helpful for health services planning and priority setting by national programmes and international agencies.WHO Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health division; China   Scholarship Council; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP 1096225]SCI(E)PubMedSSCIARTICLEharish.nair@ed.ac.uk1010408

Araujo, Sheila N.

Madhi, Shabir A.

Huda, Tanvir M.

Rahman, Qazi S.

El Arifeen, Shams

Sturm-Ramirez, Katharine

Carosone-Link, Phyllis J.

Simoes, Eric A. F.

Child, Jason A.

Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.

Soofi, Sajid B.

Khan, Rumana J.

Campbell, Harry

Nair, Harish

Institutional Repository of Peking University

Cost of management of severe pneumonia in young children: systematic   analysis

BACKGROUND: Childhood pneumonia is a major cause of childhood illness and the second leading cause of child death globally. Understanding the costs associated with the management of childhood pneumonia is essential for resource allocation and priority setting for child health.METHODS: We conducted a systematic review to identify studies reporting data on the cost of management of pneumonia in children younger than 5 years old. We collected unpublished cost data on non-severe, severe and very severe pneumonia through collaboration with an international working group. We extracted data on cost per episode, duration of hospital stay and unit cost of interventions for the management of pneumonia. The mean (95% confidence interval, CI) and median (interquartile range, IQR) treatment costs were estimated and reported where appropriate.RESULTS: We identified 24 published studies eligible for inclusion and supplemented these with data from 10 unpublished studies. The 34 studies included in the cost analysis contained data on more than 95 000 children with pneumonia from both low- and-middle income countries (LMIC) and high-income countries (HIC) covering all 6 WHO regions. The total cost (per episode) for management of severe pneumonia was US$ 4.3 (95% CI 1.5-8.7), US$ 51.7 (95% CI 17.4-91.0) and US$ 242.7 (95% CI 153.6-341.4)-559.4 (95% CI 268.9-886.3) in community, out-patient facilities and different levels of hospital in-patient settings in LMIC. Direct medical cost for severe pneumonia in hospital inpatient settings was estimated to be 26.6%-115.8% of patients' monthly household income in LMIC. The mean direct non-medical cost and indirect cost for severe pneumonia management accounted for 0.5-31% of weekly household income. The mean length of stay (LOS) in hospital for children with severe pneumonia was 5.8 (IQR 5.3-6.4) and 7.7 (IQR 5.5-9.9) days in LMIC and HIC respectively for these children.CONCLUSION: This is the most comprehensive review to date of cost data from studies on the management of childhood pneumonia and these data should be helpful for health services planning and priority setting by national programmes and international agencies.</p

Sammon, Peter M

Toscano, Cristiana M

Madhi, Shabir A

Bhuiyan, Mejbah U

Gessner, Bradford D

Carosone-Link, Phyllis J

Simões, Eric Af

Bhutta, Zulfiqar A

Soofi, Sajid B

Khan, Rumana J

Edinburgh Research Explorer

Cost of management of severe pneumonia in young children:systematic analysis

Shanshan Zhang

Peter M. Sammon

Isobel King

Ana Lucia Andrade

Cristiana M. Toscano

Sheila N Araujo

Anushua Sinha

Shabir A. Madhi

Gulam Khandaker

Jiehui Kevin Yin

Robert Booy

Tanvir M Huda

Qazi S Rahman

Shams El Arifeen

Angela Gentile

Norberto Giglio

Mejbah U. Bhuiyan

Katharine Sturm–Ramirez

Bradford D. Gessner

Mardiati Nadjib

Phyllis J. Carosone–Link

Eric AF Simões

Jason A Child

Imran Ahmed

Zulfiqar A Bhutta

Sajid B Soofi

Rumana J Khan

Harry Campbell

Harish Nair

Crossref

Cost of management of severe pneumonia in young children: systematic analysis

Background Childhood pneumonia is a major cause of childhood illness and the second leading cause of child death globally. Understanding the costs associated with the management of childhood pneumonia is essential for resource allocation and priority setting for child health. Methods We conducted a systematic review to identify studies reporting data on the cost of management of pneumonia in children younger than 5 years old. We collected unpublished cost data on non-severe, severe and very severe pneumonia through collaboration with an international working group. We extracted data on cost per episode, duration of hospital stay and unit cost of interventions for the management of pneumonia. The mean (95% confidence interval, CI) and median (interquartile range, IQR) treatment costs were estimated and reported where appropriate. Results We identified 24 published studies eligible for inclusion and supplemented these with data from 10 unpublished studies. The 34 studies included in the cost analysis contained data on more than 95 000 children with pneumonia from both low- and-middle income countries (LMIC) and high-income countries (HIC) covering all 6 WHO regions. The total cost (per episode) for management of severe pneumonia was US$ 4.3 (95% CI 1.5-8.7), US$ 51.7 (95% CI 17.4- 91.0) and US$ 242.7 (95% CI 153.6-341.4)-559.4 (95% CI 268.9-886.3) in community, out-patient facilities and different levels of hospital in-patient settings in LMIC. Direct medical cost for severe pneumonia in hospital inpatient settings was estimated to be 26.6%-115.8% of patients' monthly household income in LMIC. The mean direct non-medical cost and indirect cost for severe pneumonia management accounted for 0.5-31% of weekly household income. The mean length of stay (LOS) in hospital for children with severe pneumonia was 5.8 (IQR 5.3-6.4) and 7.7 (IQR 5.5-9.9) days in LMIC and HIC respectively for these children. Conclusion This is the most comprehensive review to date of cost data from studies on the management of childhood pneumonia and these data should be helpful for health services planning and priority setting by national programmes and international agencies

Simões, Eric A.F.

University of Queensland eSpace

Cost of management of severe pneumonia in young children:systematic analysis

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