A. Agüera

A.B. Martínez-Piernas

Ahmed

Ambrósio

American Public Health Association

Bahlmann

Brezina

Campos-Mañas

Carter

Chen

Christou

Deng

Dodgen

Donner

Fent

G. Mascolo

Ghasemian

Houeto

Huynh

Hübner

Jelic

Jelić

Kinney

Koba

Larivière

M.I. Polo-López

Malato

Martínez-Piernas

Miralles-Cuevas

P. Fernández-Ibáñez

Riemenschneider

S. Murgolo

S. Nahim-Granados

Schollée

Schymanski

Seiwert

Stein

Zhang

English

Crossref

Identification of transformation products of carbamazepine in lettuce crops irrigated with Ultraviolet-C treated water

Transformation of organic microcontaminants (OMCs) during wastewater treatments results in the generation of transformation products (TPs), which can be more persistent than parent compounds. Due to reuse of reclaimed wastewater (RWW) for crop irrigation, OMCs and TPs are released in soils being capable to translocate to crops. Furthermore, OMCs are also susceptible to transformation once they reach the soil or crops. The recalcitrant antiepileptic carbamazepine (CBZ) and some of its frequently reported TPs have been found in agricultural systems. However, there is no knowledge about the fate in reuse practices of multiple CBZ TPs that can be formed during wastewater treatment processes. For the first time, this work presents a study of the behavior of CBZ TPs generated after a conventional Ultraviolet-C (UVC) treatment in an agricultural environment. The UVC-treated water was used for the irrigation of lettuces grown under controlled conditions. The latter was compared to the fate of TPs generated in the peat and plant by irrigation with non-treated water containing CBZ. A suspect screening strategy was developed to identify the TPs using liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight (LC-QTOF-MS). The results revealed the presence of 24 TPs, 22 in UVC-treated water, 11 in peat and 9 in lettuce leaves. 4 of the TPs identified in peat (iminostilbene, TP 271B, TP 285A-B); and 3 in leaves (10–11 dihydrocarbamazepine, TP 271A-B) were not previously reported in soils or edible parts of crops, respectively. Comparing the TPs found in peat and lettuces derived from both irrigation conditions, no significant differences regarding TPs formation or occurrence were observed. UVC treatment did not contribute to the formation of different TPs than those generated by transformation or metabolism of CBZ in peat or plant material. This research improves the current knowledge on the fate of CBZ TPs in agricultural systems because of reuse practices. A lab scale study has evidenced the potential translocation of non-previously reported CBZ TPs in a lettuce crop irrigated with UVC-treated water which contained CBZ.</p

Martínez-Piernas, A. B.

Nahim-Granados, S.

Polo-López, M. I.

Fernández-Ibáñez, P.

Murgolo, S.

Mascolo, G.

Agüera, A.

Ulster University`s Research Portal

https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/ws/files/77748843/Manuscript_acepted_P_Fernandez.pdf

Identification of transformation products of carbamazepine in lettuce crops irrigated with Ultraviolet-C treated water

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Ulster University`s Research Portal