Control of Erwinia Soft Rot Disease of Calla Lily

Abstract

彩色海芋軟腐病(由E rwinia caro t o v o r a subsp. c a rotovora 引起) 為目前台灣海芋栽培上的限制因 子。田間觀察26 個彩色海芋品種罹患軟腐病之情形,顯示Pink opal 發病率最低,其餘發病率(在 20% 以下) 較低者有I n s p i r a t i o n、Pacific pink、及Dominque 三品種,發病率(在21 ~ 50% 之間) 中等 者有Chrystal glow、Soft glow、Hazel marie、Lavender petite、Butter scotch、I n n o c e n c e、G o l d e n s u n、Black eyed beauty、Star light、S e n s a t i o n、Vanity fair 及Melody 等12 個品種,而發病率(在5 1 % 以上) 較高者有Florex gold、Pot of gold、Majestic red、Pink persuasion、C a m e o、Tr e a s u r e、R o s e q u e e n、Black magic、Chianti 及Neroli 等10 個品種,品種間之發病率與花色無關。利用植栽袋或盆 缽充填人工介質種植彩色海芋與土播者比較,除可減少發病率外,並可增加塊莖採收後之重量與品 質。在實驗室內測試9 種殺菌劑及12 種拮抗微生物(或試劑) 對軟腐病菌之抑制效果,結果以鏈四環 黴素、銅鋅錳乃浦及鏈黴素之殺菌效果最好,其它處理之效果不佳。以混合藥劑C-mix 1 (稀釋5 0 0 倍之鏈黴素+鏈四環黴素+銅快得寧) 與稀釋500 倍之鏈四環黴素稀釋500 倍之銅鋅錳乃浦及稀釋2 0 0 倍之鏈黴素分別處理塊莖,發現混合藥劑有促進塊莖發芽之效果,且優於其它三種藥劑。以混合藥劑 C-mix 2 (稀釋700 倍之鏈黴素+ 稀釋500 倍之鏈四環黴素+ 稀釋700 倍之銅快得寧+ 稀釋500 倍之 鈣鎂精+ 0.1% 次氯酸鈉) 於田間進行防治試驗,發現可抑制罹病株繼續發病之外,並可使未受害之 芽點繼續生長發育。 The bacterial soft rot disease of calla lily (Z a n t e d e s c h i a) caused by E rwinia caro t o v o r a s u b s p . c a rotovora is a limiting factor for cultivation of the crops in Taiwan. This study reported some eff e c t i v e control measures, including cultivars, culture media and chemicals, for reducing the serious disease in the field. Among 26 cultivars of calla lily tested in the fields, Pink Opal was lest infected (2.5%) by the Erwinia soft rot bacterium. Infection rate of 3 other cultivars was less than 20%, and these cultivars included Dominque, Inspiration and Pacific Pink. Plants of 12 cultivars, including Chrystal Glow, Soft Glow, Hazel Marie, Lavender Petite, Butter Scotch, Innocence, Golden Sun,Black Eyed Beauty, Star Light, S e n s a t i o n , Vanity Fair and Melody, were 20-50% infected. Whereas 10 cultivars, including Florex Gold, Pot of Gold, Majestic Red, Pink Persuasion, Cameo, Treasure, Rose Queen, Black Magic, Chianti and Neroli, were highly infected (infection rate > 51%). Compared to those of planted in soil, tubers of calla lily cultivated in culture bags or in pots containing artificial media, such peatmoss+vermiculate+perlite, were less infected with the bacterial soft rot disease. Meanwhile, plants of calla lily grew much better and produced better tubers both in quality and quantity. More effective chemical bactericides were selected for control of soft-rotting bacterium. Among 8 chemical bacteriocides and 12 microorg a n i s m s / b i o a g e n t s screened, three chemicals including 10% streptomycin + tetracycline, 63%copper oxychloride + mancozeb and 12.5% streptomycin showed high effectiveness in inhibition the growth of the test Erwinia bacterium. Application of a chemical mixture C-mix1 (a mixture of 12.5% streptomycin 500X, 10%streptomycin + tetracycline 500X, and 40% oxine- copper + copper hydroxide 500X), compared to the chemicals used i n d i v i d u a l l y, to tuberous could stimulate tuber budding and reduce disease incidence of soft rot. Another chemical mixture C- mix2 (mixed with streptomycin 700X, streptomycin + tetracycline 500X, oxine-copper + copper hydroxide 700X,casicum and magnesium solution 500X and chloral 1000X) sprayed to calla lily plants also decreased infection of tubers by the soft-rotting bacterium and promoted tuber budding and plant growth in the field

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