This deliverable complements the deliverable D1 on “Model of Reading” (V1.6) by discussing the gaps concerning the definition of the State of Mind and describing an extended framework of concepts implemented from the V1.7 the Data model onward

Antonini, Alessio

Gravier, Guillaume

Vignale, François

Open Research Online (The Open University)

Open Research OnlineThe Open University’s repository of research publicationsand other research outputsREAD-IT deliverable D2 - Model of the State of MindV1.7OtherHow to cite:Antonini, Alessio; Vignale, François and Gravier, Guillaume (2020). READ-IT deliverable D2 - Model of theState of Mind V1.7. The Open University.For guidance on citations see FAQs.c© [not recorded]https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Version: Version of RecordCopyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyrightowners. For more information on Open Research Online’s data policy on reuse of materials please consult the policiespage.oro.open.ac.uk1        Model of the State of Mind V1.7 Complement of the Deliverable “The Model of Reading” on the State of Mind  Version: 1.0 Last Update: 30/01/2020 Author: Alessio Antonini - alessio.antonini@open.ac.uk                 Executive Summary This deliverable complements the deliverable D1 on “Model of Reading” (V1.6) by discussing the gaps concerning the definition of the State of Mind and describing an extended framework of concepts implemented from the V1.7 the Data model onward. 2 Model of the State of Mind   Contributors Alessio Antonini Knowledge Media Institute alessio.antonini@open.ac.uk François Vignale Le Mans Université françois.vignale@univ-lemans.fr Guillaume Gravier IRISA guig@irisa.fr  Changelog 30/01/2020 Alessio Antonini Document draft 19/04/2021 Alessio Antonini Template style 3 Model of the State of Mind V1.7     Index On STATE OF MIND in the Data Model V1.6 ............................................................................................... 4 Types of STATE OF MIND ...................................................................................................................................... 4 Reader’s DISPOSITION(s) ...................................................................................................................................... 4 Relations of STATE OF MIND ................................................................................................................................ 5 Roles of STATE OF MIND ....................................................................................................................................... 5 Framework of STATE OF MIND - V1.7+ ........................................................................................................ 6  Model of the State of Mind V1.7 6    On STATE OF MIND in the Data Model V1.6 The model of reading V1.6 introduces STATE OF MIND and a set of sub-concepts and relations. Following, the deliverable provides a summary of these concepts and clarifies their use. Types of STATE OF MIND The analysis of sources of reading experience highlighted several different types of cognitive response to reading. In the ontology of reading v1.6, we identified an open list of subtypes: JUDGMENT, EMOTION, AIM, ACHIEVEMENT, REMEMBRANCE, SELF-REFLECTION and readers’ DISPOSITIONS. In general, STATE OF MIND is Oriented toward the “self” (the reader) or an “external” entity, such as a fragment of content or a contingency of reading. In the reading ontology v1. Orientation is a feature of STATE OF MIND with possible values “self” or “external”. Furthermore, a STATE OF MIND does have a Sentiment value: “positive”, “negative” or “neutral”. The open list of possible types of STATE OF MIND can be sorted by considering a direct or indirect involvement of the activity of reading. Indeed, DISPOSITION are STATE OF MIND which do not emerge or guide directly the reading but indirectly affect the reader, e.g. literacy, political stand, social group, nationality. A DISPOSITION concerns the identity of a reader, his beliefs and skills of relevance for reading. DIfferently, the remaining types of STATE OF MIND are directly related to the activity of reading. The rest of the open list can be further sorted into three general categories:  ▪ MEMORY, concerning the recalling of facts or events of which the reader has experience of o REMEMBRANCE ▪ FEELING, concerning the feeling response of the reader o EMOTION ▪ BELIEF. concerning ideas and concepts directly or indirectly conceived by the reader o JUDGMENT o AIM o ACHIEVEMENT o SELF-REFLECTION  Summarising, the STATE OF MIND can concerns multiple aspects, such as cognitive skills, beliefs, memories, feelings. The reader’s mind includes all of the previous and more, and what we are able to capture are the changes fostered by reading and what the reader’s self awareness can point out as relevant. Reader’s DISPOSITION(s) The concept of DISPOSITION may include all the above, MEMORY, FEELING and BELIEF, but includes reader’s skills and habits of relevance for reading.  The ontology of reading V1.6 includes Habits as a feature of READER. HABIT was defined as the intensive description of the reader’s reading processes, i.e. a synthesis of how a reader reads. As such, HABIT is a combination of beliefs grounded on previous experiences, and thus, it is a STATE OF MIND. Furthermore, the cognitive SKILL of a reader, e.g. language skills, analytical skills, concern also the STATE OF MIND.  In this framing, we can define DISPOSITION a type of STATE OF MIND not directly related to a specific instance of READING PROCESS, but to a class (defined by a subset of features). For instance, a HABIT can concern an activity, place, time, topic, author, such as bedtime stories, while on travelling at work or russian authors.  Summarising, DISPOSITION should be framed as a type of role of a STATE OF MIND and the types of STATE OF MIND should include HABIT and SKILL. Model of the State of Mind V1.7 6    Relations of STATE OF MIND    In READ-IT conceptual model of reading experience, the concept STATE OF MIND represent the cognitive state of the reader. This concept is related to the READER, as state of the person engaged in a reading activity, to the READING PROCESS (abstraction of READING, READING SESSION and READING EXPERIENCE), and to the READING RESOURCE (abstraction of CONTENT and MEDIUM).  In the last formulation, READER is a state of the person. Thus, STATE OF MIND is part of of the READER. In the READ-IT ontology we express also the inverse relation READER “in a state of” STATE OF MIND. An instance of STATE OF MIND should target one or more instances of READING RESOURCE. We represent this relation with STATE OF MIND “involving “READING RESOURCE”, for instance a book, a sentence, a topic, a character, a story being target of a felling, memory or belief. Roles of STATE OF MIND The relations between STATE OF MIND and READING PROCESS are more articulated. An instance of STATE OF MIND can “precede”, “follow” or “co-occurring with” a READING PROCESS. This temporal articulation between STATE OF MIND and READING PROCESS is related to causal relations between READING PROCESS and STATE OF MIND. Indeed, an instance of a STATE OF MIND can be “premise of” a READING PROCESS or a READING PROCESS can be “effect of” a STATE OF MIND. The combination of temporal and causal relations configure three roles of STATE OF MIND in relations with a READING PROCESS: PREMISE, EFFECT and OUTCOME.  Roles of STATE OF MIND  DISPOSITION PREMISE EFFECT OUTCOME Temporal constraints precedes / co-occurring with precedes follows follows / co-occurring with Causal constraints not premise of / not effect of premise of effect of READING EXPERIENCE effect of READING SESSION / effect of READING Categories of STATE OF MIND SKILL HABIT MEMORY FEELING BELIEF MEMORY FEELING BELIEF MEMORY FEELING BELIEF MEMORY FEELING BELIEF  The articulation of the READING PROCESS used in the ontology of reading V1.6 include: READING, as the whole reading activity including reading sessions and pauses, e.g. the reading of Moby Dick taking several months  Model of the State of Mind V1.7 6    READING SESSION, a continuative interaction with a READING RESOURCE, e.g. from opening to closing Moby Dick. READING EXPERIENCE, the event of triggering a change in STATE OF MIND as effect of the reading activity and during a READING SESSION. In this frame, READING and READING SESSION do have a duration and can include other READING PROCESSES. We generalise the READING and READING SESSION with the abstract class READING FRAME. A READING FRAME can have PREMISE(s) and OUTCOME(s) while READING EXPERIENCE is considered an atomic event occurring in the frame of a session and reading. Thus, concerning the READING EXPERIENCE, we consider only following EFFECT, i.e. immediate responses.     READING PROCESS  READING FRAME   READING READING SESSION READING EXPERIENCE precedes DISPOSITION PREMISE DISPOSITION PREMISE Not Applicable co-occurring with EFFECT EFFECT follows OUTCOME OUTCOME EFFECT    READING PROCESS  READING FRAME   READING READING SESSION READING EXPERIENCE DISPOSITION preceeds OR co-occurring (if it preceeds a READING SESSION) preceeds N.A. PREMISE preceeds OR co-occurring (if it preceeds a READING SESSION) preceeds  N.A. EFFECT N.A. N.A. follows OUTCOME follows OR co-occurring (if it follows a READING SESSION)  follows OR co-occurring N.A.  Framework of STATE OF MIND - V1.7 By considering the three roles, the first three categories of STATE OF MIND, and the orientation, we can attempt structuring the open list of types of STATE OF MIND and identify missing concepts (highlighted below with a *).   FEELING Orientation PREMISE EFFECT OUTCOME self EMOTION Model of the State of Mind V1.7 6    external AFFECT*  In this framing, we consider EMOTION the feeling toward the self and AFFECT all feelings oriented toward other things, i.e. relational feelings.   MEMORY Orientation PREMISE EFFECT OUTCOME self REMEMBRANCE ASSOCIATION* REMEMBRANCE external  In this framing, we consider REMEMBRANCE the recollection of memory concerning reading but fostered by the reader during the preparation to, the reasoning about a reading or as delayed effect of reading. On the other hand, the concept of ASSOCIATION concerns the recollection of memory directly fostered by the direct interaction with a READING RESOURCE (during and effect of reading), i.e. mental associations created during reading.   Orientation BELIEF PREMISE EFFECT OUTCOME self AIM ACHIEVEMENT REFLECTION IMPRESSION* NOTION* AIM ACHIEVEMENT REFLECTION external JUDGEMENT JUDGEMENT  In this framing, AIM ACHIEVEMENT, REFLECTION and JUDGMENT are either a PREMISE or an OUTCOME of reading. On the other hand, the immediate response, i.e. effect of READING EXPERIENCE, to reading could be either an IMPRESSION or NOTION as immediate response to reading. Conclusions The presented framework of State of Mind V1.7 clarifies the use of the related concepts and highlights new concepts which did not emerge from the analysis of sources but logically derived from the V1.6 model. As for the previous version, the framing of the State of Mind is to be intended as a landscape to be filled by research partners and further developed in the context of case studies.  This update of State of Mind is been implemented in the stand-alone ontology of the Reading Experience Ontology available on the READ-IT GitHub repository (https://github.com/eureadit/reading-experience-ontology), data model V2.0+ (https://github.com/eureadit/reading-experience-ontology/blob/master/data-model-v2.owl).  

READ-IT deliverable D2 - Model of the State of Mind V1.7

http://oro.open.ac.uk/76044/1/D2%20-%20Model%20of%20the%20State%20of%20Mind.pdf

READ-IT deliverable D2 - Model of the State of Mind V1.7

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