The female of Perulernaea gamitanae gen. et sp. nov. (Copepoda: Cyclopoida: Lernaeidae) is described from the nasal fossae of an important food fish, Colossoma macropomum (CUVIER), collected in the Peruvian Amazon near lquitos. The new genus differs from others in the family by having blunt head anchors, a well defined slender "neck", a fusiform hindbody, uropods, four pairs of well separated legs, genital pores which are post-equatorial in the hindbody and multiseriate egg sacs. The host is one of the largest freshwater fish of the Amazon region and is of considerable economic importance

Paredes, V.

Thatcher, V.

English

The female of Perulernaea gamitanae is described from the Colossoma macropomum, collected in the Peruvian Amazon near Iquitos. -from Author

Thatcher, Vernon E.

Repositório do INPA

A parasitic copepod, Perulernaea gamitanae gen. et sp.nov. ( Cyclopoida: Lernaeidae), from the nasal fossae of a Peruvian Amazon food fish.

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AMAZONIANA x 2 169 - t75 Kiel, Juni 1985A parasitic Copepod, Perulernøeø gam¡tanoe gen. et sp. nov. (Cyclopoida :lærnaeidae), from the nasal fossae of a Peruvian Amazon food fishbyVernon E. Thatcher & Victoria ParedesDr. Vernon E. Thatcher, INPA - DBL, Caixa postal 478, 69.000 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil,Dra. Victoria Paredes, Laboratorio de Ictiopatología, Universidad Nacional Agratia,Apartado 456,La Molina, Lima, Peru(accepted for publication in Ma¡ch 1985)AbstractThe female of Perulernaea gamitanae gen. et sp. nov. (Copepoda: Cyclopoida: Lernaeidae) isdesc¡ibed from the nasal fossae of an important food fish, Colossomø macropomum (CUVIER),collected in the Peruvian Amazon near lquitos. The new genus differs from others in the family byhaving blunt head anchors, a well defined slender "neck", a fusiform hindbody, uropods, four paírs ofweli separated legs, genital pores which are post-equatorial in the hindbody and multiseriate egg sacs.The host is one of the largest freshwater fish of the Amazon region and is of considerable economicimportance.Keywords: Nasal parasite. lernaeid copepod, fishes, Amazon.ResumoA fêmea de Perulernaea gamitanae gen. et sp. nov. (Copepoda: Cyclopoicla: Lernaeidae) ódescrita das fossas nasais <ie um peixe importante no consumo humano, Colossoma macropomum(CUVIER), capturado na Amazônia peruana, cerca à Iquítos. O novo gênero distingue-se dos dcmáisgêneros da família em ter âncoras arredondadas na cabeça, um pescoço <lelgado, um corpo postcrior dctipo fusiforme, urópodos, quatro pares de pernas bem separadas, poros genítais pós-equatoriais no corpoposteriör e sacos de ovos multiseriados. O hospedeiro encontra-se entrc os maiotes poixcs cla Amazôniae cltega a ser de uma importância económica considerave L Este trabalho cita o tercciro lernaeíileo con-heciclo do continente sul-americano e o primeiro da Amazônia.0065-6755 I 1985 I 169 / o MPI fìir Limnologie, AG Tropenöko1ogic, Plön; INPA, Manaus169lærnaeidae is a small family of copepods in which the adult females are greatly modified forparasitizing freshwater and marine fishes. The females have a rel¿tively small head and an elongatethorax which are inserted within the host tissue while the posterior end with attached egg sacs projectsinto the water. These parasites feed on blood and frequently insert theirheads directly ínto bloodvessels. According to KABATA (1979), there are some 50 species, representing 9 genera, in this familymost of whíòh have been reported only from the Old Wo¡ld. The only lernaeids previously knownfrom South America arc Areotrachelus truchae (BRIAN L902) ftom Percíchthys trucha and Taurocherossalminísä BRIAN, 1924, from Salmínis brevidens. Apparently, both of these species were found in thePatagonian region of Argentina.Colossoma macropomum (CUVIER) is the largest of the Amazonian characins and reaches aweight of about 30 kilograms. This fish is of great commercial value since it is a food fish of the highestquality. The species ranges throughout the Amazon basin where it is known by the common names of :"gamitana" in Peru, "tambaqui" in Brazil and "cachama" in Venezuela. Specimens of this host capturednear Iquitos, Peru, were found to have as many as three parasitic copepods projecting from their nasalfossae. This parasite has been found to represent a new genus and species of Lernaeidae, and it is hereindescribed.Material and MethodsCopepods were dissected f¡om the nasal mucosa with needles and fixed in'10 % a1cohol. Theywere stained, cleared and mounted by the method explained in THATCFIER & BOEGER (1984).Drawings were made with the aid of a camera lucida and measurements with a measuring ocular.Measurements are expressed in millimeters unless otherwise indicated.Systematic SectionPerulernaea gen. novGeneric diagnosis. Cyclopoida. Lernaeidae. Female: Body divisible into head, neck and hindbody.Head bearing: two larye blunt laterat lobes and two small ventral lobes; mouthparts and first pair of legs.Neck region (thorax between legs 1 & 4) subcylindrical; about two thirds of total body length. Hind-body formed offusion of hit leg-bearing thoracic segment wíth genital segment and abdomen. Uropodspresent.Firstantennafive or six-segmented, provided with simple setae. Second antenna two orthree-segmented, terminating in stout claw and several simple setae. Mouthparts: second maxilla bifurcate;maxilliped with several terminal claws. Four pairs of biramous legs present;all rami three-segmentedand provided with spines and setae. Egg sacs multiseriate.Male: Unknown.Type species: Perulernaea gamítønae sp. nov.Perulernaea gømítanae sp. nov.(Figs. 1 - 14)Host: Colossoma macropomum (CUVIER).Site: N asal fossae.Locality: Amazon River, near lquitos, Peru.Holotype (female): Instituto Naciónal de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.Paratypes (2 females): Universidad Nacional Agraúa, Lima, Peru, and University of Nebraska StateMuseum, Lincoln, Nebraska.Male: Unknown.Etymology: The generic name incorporates the country of origin with the name of the type genus ofthe family and the species is taken from the local name of the host fish.170Species diagnosis (based on 3 entire specimens and hindbodies of4: measurements in table l):Female: Body elongate, with head, neck and hindbody (Fig. 1). Head region with two large lateral andtwo small venttal anchors; mouthparts and first pair of legs between ventral anchors. Neck region sub-cylindrical; expanded anteriorly; represents about two-thirds ofbody length; provided with secondand third pairs of legs; has bulbous glands anteriorly (Figs. l2 and 13) and simple glands posteriorly(Fig. 14). Hindbody fusiform in dorso-ventral view (Fig. 1); bulges ventrally over genital pores (Fig. 5);contains fourth pair oflegs and uropods; each uropod with two simple setae (Fig. 4).First antenna (Fig. 6) six-segmented, provided with simple setae;setalfo¡mula = 1 : 3 : 4 :3'.3 :5totat = 19. Second antenna (Fig. 8) two-segmented; first segment without spines or setae; second segmentwith one lateral spine and three medial spine-like sensilla on shaft and one large claw and five setae ter-minally.Mouthparts (Figs. 2, 3 and 11) strongly developed. Second maxilla bifurcate, scissors-like, pointsstraþht or curved. Maxilliped two-segmented;first segment with blunt spine-like projection posteriorly;second segment with one sharp spine posteriorly and five claws terminally.Legs (Figs, 7 , 9 and 10) biramous; four pairs present; all rami three-segmented. Coxae læge; eachwith single plumose seta medially. Basipods paúially contained within coxae; each with single simplespine laterally and fÍst with prominent tooth medially. Legs 2 and 3 closely similar. All setae on legsplumose; all spines pectinate. Leg armature as in table 2 with Roman numerals for spines and Arabicfo¡ setae.DiscussionPerulernaea gømitanae gen. et sp. nov. plainly belongs to the family Lemaeidae in víew of itsgeneral morphology and its mouthparts a.re rather simíla¡ to those of the type genus, Lernaea L., 1758.The new genus differs from the latter in having blunt non-branching head anchors, a well defined neckand a fusiform hindbody. The new genus can be distinguished from the previously known South Americanforms by the following characters. The hindbody is about one-half of the body lenglh in AreotrachelusWLSON, 1924,and only about one-fou¡th inPerulemaeøgen. nov. Taurocheros, which was described byBRIAN, 1924, from a freshwater fish of the Plata River of Argentina, somewhat resembles the new genusbut it has long slender head anchors and the mouthparts are anterior to these structures. Additionally,the genital pores are post-equatorial in the hindbody of the new genus and preæquatonalin Taurocheros.Apparently, neck glands, whích are prominent features of Perulernaea gen. nov., have not been reportedfor the other genera of the family.ReferencesBRIAN, A. (1924): Descrizione di un nuovo e curioso copopode lerneideo parassita di Salmínis brevídensraccolto dal P¡of. Filippo Silvestri nell'America de1 Sud.- Boll. Lab. Zoo1. R. Sc. Agri. Portici l8:32- 37.KABATA, Z. (19'19): Parasitic Copepoda of British Fishes.- The Ray Society, London: 468 pp. &2,031 figs.THATCHER, V.E. & W.A. BOEGER (1984): The parasitic crustaceans of fishes from the BrazilianAmazon, 14, Gamispinus díabolícus gen. et sp. nov. (Copepoda: Poecilostomatoida: Vaigamidae)from the nasal fossae of Ageneiosus brevifilis VALENCIENNES.- Amazoniana 8 (4): 505 - 510.rll2L-lTable 1: Measurements in Millimeters of Fem¿les of Perulernaea gamitanae gen. et sp. novLength18.0 - 21.7 (19.9)1.1 - 1.2 (1.1s)12.0 - 15.0 (12.7)s.0- s.5( 5.1)2.0- 4.0(2.8)widthBodyHead and AnchorsNeckHindbodyEgg Sac4.s - s.0 (4.7)0.32 - 0.93 (0.61)1.2 - 1.0 (1.6)0.43 - 0.63 (0.s4) L-250 ¡r 3L-3 EeorftTable 2: Relationship of Spines to Setae on the Legs of Perulernaea gamitanae gen. et sp. nov(adult female)Leg Endopod Exopod 25u4I23400001,01,01,01,01,II-42,tr-42,il-42,il -311111, II1, IIIl. In1, III{55L-4EEo.o5Figs. 1 - 5:Perulernaea gamítønae gen. et sp. nov. (female),l: Entire specimen (ventral). 2: Second maxilla. 3: Maxilliped.4: Uropods. 5: Hindbody.112 1136750¡ãooI9loFigs. 6 - 10:Perulcrnaea gømitanae gen, et sp. nov. (female).6: First antenna, 7: Leg I. 8: Second antenna. 9: Leg 2 (= leg 3). l0z Leg 4.(Figs. 6 and 8 to same scale: 7, 9 and 10 to same scale).174Figs. 11- 14:Perulernaea gamítanae gen. et sp. nov. (female).1l: Mouthparts (Lb = labrum; MX = second maxilla; Mxp = -*111tned).l2z Projecting neck gland.13: Pair of projecting neckglands. 14: Simple neck gland.175

A parasitic copepod, Perulernaea gamitanae gen. et sp. nov. (Cyclopoida: Lernaeidae), from the nasal fossae of a Peruvian Amazon food fish

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