Birkegård, Anna Camilla

Hisham Beshara Halasa, Tariq

Toft, Nils

Anna Camilla Birkegård

Tariq Halasa

Nils Toft

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Preventive Veterinary Medicine

Sampling pig farms at the abattoir in a cross-sectional study − Evaluation of a sampling method

A cross-sectional study design is relatively inexpensive, fast and easy to conduct when compared to other study designs. Careful planning is essential to obtaining a representative sample of the population, and the recommended approach is to use simple random sampling from an exhaustive list of units in the target population. This approach is rarely feasible in practice, and other sampling procedures must often be adopted. For example, when slaughter pigs are the target population, sampling the pigs on the slaughter line may be an alternative to on-site sampling at a list of farms. However, it is difficult to sample a large number of farms from an exact predefined list, due to the logistics and workflow of an abattoir. Therefore, it is necessary to have a systematic sampling procedure and to evaluate the obtained sample with respect to the study objective. We propose a method for 1) planning, 2) conducting, and 3) evaluating the representativeness and reproducibility of a cross-sectional study when simple random sampling is not possible. We used an example of a cross-sectional study with the aim of quantifying the association of antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial consumption in Danish slaughter pigs. It was not possible to visit farms within the designated timeframe. Therefore, it was decided to use convenience sampling at the abattoir. Our approach was carried out in three steps: 1) planning: using data from meat inspection to plan at which abattoirs and how many farms to sample; 2) conducting: sampling was carried out at five abattoirs; 3) evaluation: representativeness was evaluated by comparing sampled and non-sampled farms, and the reproducibility of the study was assessed through simulated sampling based on meat inspection data from the period where the actual data collection was carried out.In the cross-sectional study samples were taken from 681 Danish pig farms, during five weeks from February to March 2015. The evaluation showed that the sampling procedure was reproducible with results comparable to the collected sample. However, the sampling procedure favoured sampling of large farms. Furthermore, both under-sampled and over-sampled areas were found using scan statistics. In conclusion, sampling conducted at abattoirs can provide a spatially representative sample. Hence it is a possible cost-effective alternative to simple random sampling. However, it is important to assess the properties of the resulting sample so that any potential selection bias can be addressed when reporting the findings

Online Research Database In Technology

Sampling pig farms at the abattoir in a cross-sectional study − Evaluation of a samplingmethod - DTU Orbit (09/11/2017) Sampling pig farms at the abattoir in a cross-sectional study − Evaluation of a sampling methodA cross-sectional study design is relatively inexpensive, fast and easy to conduct when compared to other study designs.Careful planning is essential to obtaining a representative sample of the population, and the recommended approach is touse simple random sampling from an exhaustive list of units in the target population. This approach is rarely feasible inpractice, and other sampling procedures must often be adopted. For example, when slaughter pigs are the targetpopulation, sampling the pigs on the slaughter line may be an alternative to on-site sampling at a list of farms. However, itis difficult to sample a large number of farms from an exact predefined list, due to the logistics and workflow of an abattoir.Therefore, it is necessary to have a systematic sampling procedure and to evaluate the obtained sample with respect tothe study objective. We propose a method for 1) planning, 2) conducting, and 3) evaluating the representativeness andreproducibility of a cross-sectional study when simple random sampling is not possible. We used an example of a cross-sectional study with the aim of quantifying the association of antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial consumption inDanish slaughter pigs. It was not possible to visit farms within the designated timeframe. Therefore, it was decided to useconvenience sampling at the abattoir. Our approach was carried out in three steps: 1) planning: using data from meatinspection to plan at which abattoirs and how many farms to sample; 2) conducting: sampling was carried out at fiveabattoirs; 3) evaluation: representativeness was evaluated by comparing sampled and non-sampled farms, and thereproducibility of the study was assessed through simulated sampling based on meat inspection data from the periodwhere the actual data collection was carried out.In the cross-sectional study samples were taken from 681 Danish pigfarms, during five weeks from February to March 2015. The evaluation showed that the sampling procedure wasreproducible with results comparable to the collected sample. However, the sampling procedure favoured sampling oflarge farms. Furthermore, both under-sampled and over-sampled areas were found using scan statistics. In conclusion,sampling conducted at abattoirs can provide a spatially representative sample. Hence it is a possible cost-effectivealternative to simple random sampling. However, it is important to assess the properties of the resulting sample so thatany potential selection bias can be addressed when reporting the findings. General informationState: PublishedOrganisations: National Veterinary Institute, EpidemiologyAuthors: Birkegård, A. C. (Intern), Hisham Beshara Halasa, T. (Intern), Toft, N. (Intern)Number of pages: 8Pages: 83-90Publication date: 2017Main Research Area: Technical/natural sciences Publication informationJournal: Preventive Veterinary MedicineVolume: 145ISSN (Print): 0167-5877Ratings: BFI (2017): BFI-level 2 Web of Science (2017): Indexed yes BFI (2016): BFI-level 2 Scopus rating (2016): CiteScore 2.2 SJR 1.185 SNIP 1.329 Web of Science (2016): Indexed yes BFI (2015): BFI-level 2 Scopus rating (2015): SJR 1.26 SNIP 1.23 CiteScore 2.1 Web of Science (2015): Indexed yes BFI (2014): BFI-level 2 Scopus rating (2014): SJR 1.267 SNIP 1.421 CiteScore 2.37 Web of Science (2014): Indexed yes BFI (2013): BFI-level 2 Scopus rating (2013): SJR 1.247 SNIP 1.552 CiteScore 2.49 ISI indexed (2013): ISI indexed yes Web of Science (2013): Indexed yes BFI (2012): BFI-level 2 Scopus rating (2012): SJR 1.274 SNIP 1.452 CiteScore 2.45 ISI indexed (2012): ISI indexed yes Web of Science (2012): Indexed yes BFI (2011): BFI-level 2 Scopus rating (2011): SJR 1.211 SNIP 1.303 CiteScore 2.24 ISI indexed (2011): ISI indexed yes Web of Science (2011): Indexed yes BFI (2010): BFI-level 2 Scopus rating (2010): SJR 1.155 SNIP 1.28 Web of Science (2010): Indexed yes BFI (2009): BFI-level 2 Scopus rating (2009): SJR 1.022 SNIP 1.34 Web of Science (2009): Indexed yes BFI (2008): BFI-level 2 Scopus rating (2008): SJR 1.066 SNIP 1.273 Web of Science (2008): Indexed yes Scopus rating (2007): SJR 1.006 SNIP 1.36 Web of Science (2007): Indexed yes Scopus rating (2006): SJR 1.056 SNIP 1.305 Web of Science (2006): Indexed yes Scopus rating (2005): SJR 0.926 SNIP 1.438 Web of Science (2005): Indexed yes Scopus rating (2004): SJR 0.807 SNIP 1.147 Web of Science (2004): Indexed yes Scopus rating (2003): SJR 0.865 SNIP 1.346 Web of Science (2003): Indexed yes Scopus rating (2002): SJR 0.924 SNIP 1.423 Web of Science (2002): Indexed yes Scopus rating (2001): SJR 1.044 SNIP 1.415 Web of Science (2001): Indexed yes Scopus rating (2000): SJR 0.945 SNIP 1.272 Web of Science (2000): Indexed yes Scopus rating (1999): SJR 0.639 SNIP 1.008 Original language: EnglishSampling procedure, Pig farm, Cross-Sectional study, Slaughterhouse, AbattoirDOIs: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.07.002 Publication: Research - peer-review › Journal article – Annual report year: 2017 

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Sampling pig farms at the abattoir in a cross-sectional study − Evaluation of a sampling method

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