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research
Upper ocean oxygenation dynamics from I/Ca ratios during the Cenomanian-Turonian OAE 2
Authors
Adams
Alegret
+107 more
Andy Ridgwell
Arthur
Arthur
Barclay
Bentum
Bluhm
Blättler
Bradley B. Sageman
Bralower
Broecker
Broecker
Brumsack
Campos
Campos
Chance
Chance
Christopher K. Junium
Dalton S. Hardisty
Du Vivier
Edwards
Eldrett
Elrick
Erba
Erbacher
Erbacher
Farrenkopf
Farrenkopf
Forster
Forster
Friedrich
Frijia
Gale
Gale
Gill
Hardisty
Harris
Hart
Hasegawa
Helmond
Hetzel
Higgins
Hugh C. Jenkyns
Jarvis
Jenkyns
Jenkyns
Jenkyns
Jeremy D. Owens
Jones
Joo
Kauffman
Keller
Kennedy
Kennedy
Kolonic
Kuroda
Kuypers
Little
Loope
Lu
Luther
Luther
Meyers
Monteiro
Montoya-Pino
Ogg
Ogg
Ohkouchi
Orth
Owens
Pancost
Parente
Paytan
Pearce
Pogge von Strandmann
Ridgwell
Rue
Sageman
Sageman
Schlanger
Schlanger
Schnetger
Scopelliti
Scopelliti
Sinninghe Damsté
Snow
Staudt
Takashima
Tian
Timothy W. Lyons
Topper
Tribovillard
Tsikos
Turgeon
Turgeon
Waite
Walker
Weissert
Westermann
Wignall
Wong
Wong
Wong
Xiaoli Zhou
Xin-Yuan Zheng
Zheng
Zhou
Zunli Lu
Publication date
13 May 2015
Publisher
'Wiley'
Doi
Cite
Abstract
Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2015. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Paleoceanography 30 (2015): 510–526, doi:10.1002/2014PA002741.Global warming lowers the solubility of gases in the ocean and drives an enhanced hydrological cycle with increased nutrient loads delivered to the oceans, leading to increases in organic production, the degradation of which causes a further decrease in dissolved oxygen. In extreme cases in the geological past, this trajectory has led to catastrophic marine oxygen depletion during the so-called oceanic anoxic events (OAEs). How the water column oscillated between generally oxic conditions and local/global anoxia remains a challenging question, exacerbated by a lack of sensitive redox proxies, especially for the suboxic window. To address this problem, we use bulk carbonate I/Ca to reconstruct subtle redox changes in the upper ocean water column at seven sites recording the Cretaceous OAE 2. In general, I/Ca ratios were relatively low preceding and during the OAE interval, indicating deep suboxic or anoxic waters exchanging directly with near-surface waters. However, individual sites display a wide range of initial values and excursions in I/Ca through the OAE interval, reflecting the importance of local controls and suggesting a high spatial variability in redox state. Both I/Ca and an Earth System Model suggest that the northeast proto-Atlantic had notably higher oxygen levels in the upper water column than the rest of the North Atlantic, indicating that anoxia was not global during OAE 2 and that important regional differences in redox conditions existed. A lack of correlation with calcium, lithium, and carbon isotope records suggests that neither enhanced global weathering nor carbon burial was a dominant control on the I/Ca proxy during OAE 2.Z.L. thanks NSF OCE 1232620. J.D.O. is supported by an Agouron Postdoctoral Fellowship. T.W.L. acknowledges support from the NSF-EAR and NASA-NAI. A.R. thanks the support of NERC via NE/J01043X/1.2015-11-1
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