Palani, Kalaiselvi

Panandam, Jothi Malar

Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository

UPM Research Report 1997-2000, Vol fI, Section 2-Extended AbstractsMilk Production and Reproduction Performance of the Mafriwal Dairy Cattle ofMalaysiaKslalseM P ana Pananaam JMFaculty of AgricultureUniversiti Putra Malaysia43400 UPM, Serdang, SelangorMalaysiaTelephone Number of Corresponding Author: 03-89466896E-mail ofCorrespondingAuthor:jothi@agri.upm.edu.mvKey words: Mafriwal, Sahiwal-Friesian, milk, production, reproductionIntroductionThe dairy market in Malaysia is mainly dependent on imported milk and milk products. The demand for milk hasincreased over the years (DYS, 2002) and is expected to continue to rise with the increase in population andchange in lifestyle. There is a need to increase milk production in order to reduce importation, ensure foodsecurity and reduce loss of foreign exchange. Malaysia had, under the 7'h Malaysian plan, targeted to achieve10% self-sufficiency in liquid milk by the year 2000, and by the year 2010 to achieve 30% self-sufficiency.Among the efforts to achieve this were the development of the Mafriwal dairy cattle of Malaysia, a tropicalisedcomposite synthetic breed type with varying Friesian genes gene content, and the adoption of modernmanagement practices. Mafriwal was the result of selectively breeding for adaptation to the hot and humid localenvironment and improved milk production and growth performance. Since Mafriwal is a new breed type and hasa varying Friesian gene content, it is essential that its performance be evaluated regularly. The objective of thisstudy are to evaluate the productive and reproductive performance of the Mafriwal dairy cattle with Sahiwal-Friesian gene base and 50-75% Friesian genes at the nucleus herd at Institut Haiwan Kluang, Johor.Materials and MethodsRetrospective data on milk production and reproduction traits of 1058 Mafriwal cows of four genetic groups (M-50, M-56, M-63 and M-75, having 50, 56, 63 and 75% Friesian genes, respectively) with Sahiwal-Friesian gene base, born and raised atInstitut Haiwan Kluang, Johor, of the Department of Veterinary Services Malaysia, over a period of 14 years (1982-1996) werecollected, validated and analysed. Data from animals with unknown parents (unknown gene content) and incompleteinformation were excluded from the study. The data was confined to the first four lactations and the first four parities. Datawere analysed by generalized least square procedure.Results and DiscussionLactation number x Friesian gene percentage had no significant interaction effect on the milk production traits investigated:total milk yield (LTOM), projected 305 days milk yield (P305M), days in peak milk (PM), lactation length (LL), average dailymilk yield (ADMY) and dry period length (DP). The percentage of Friesian genes too had no effect on these milk productiontraits. The year of birth and lactation number had significant (P<0.05) effects on projected 305 days milk yield, peak milkyield, and average daily milk yield. The milk production performance was significantly (P<O.OI) lower in the first lactationthan in the subsequent lactations (ADMY: 5.72±O.25 L per day in first lactation versus 6.36±O.25 and 6.45±O.39 L per day insecond and third lactations). The year of birth had a significant (P<0.05) effect on lactation total milk yield and lactationlength. However, both effects were non significant for dry period. Age at calving had a significant (P<0.05) effect only onpeak milk yield.The significant effects of year of birth are expected as the environment was not constant and the system of management wascontinuously being improved. The lack of significant difference in the milk production traits of the four genetic groups is asreported by Raymond and Hawari (1996) and Raymond and Ratnakumar (1997). The improved milk production performancewith lactation number may be attributed to the increased maturity of dam (Schmidt, 1971); similar trends were also observedby Van Due and Taneja (1983) and Misra et al. (1979).Calving year had significant (P<O.OI) effect on the reproductive traits: number of services to conception (NSC), days fromcalving to first heat (CFH), days from calving to first service (CFS), days from calving to conception (CCON) and calvinginterval (Cl). Friesian gene percentage of the cows had significant (P<0.05) effect on NSC and CFS. NSC was significantly(P<0.05) lower for the M-50 (2.50 ± 0.16) and M-63 (2.87 ± 0.25) cows than for M-56 (3.37 ± 0.26) and \1-75 (330 ± 032)cows. The M-50 cows exhibited significantly (P<O.05) longer CFS than M-56 cows (83.63 ± 3.51 versus 68.71 ± 5.74 days).Parity had significant (P<0.05) effect on CFH and CFS (service was done at the onset of the next heat). CFH and CFS weresignificantly (P<O.OI) longer for the first parity (70.81 ± 4.29 and 98.84± 5.17 days, respectively) than the other parities(54.92± 4.73 and 70.83± 5.68 days for third and 47.41± 6.95 and 65.97± 8.37 days for fourth parity, respectively). Age atcalving had no significant effect on the reproductive traits investigated.The significant (P<0.05) longer CFH and CFS after the first parity may be attributed to the cows being young mothers andrequiring longer time for recovery after parturition. However, it must be remembered that NSC and CFS are traits generally200Agricultural SCiencesinfluenced by management. The first is also influenced by the proficiency of the inseminator and the latter by the heatdetection practices on the farm.Calving year, Friesian gene percentage, parity and calf sex had significant (P<O.OI) effects on calf birth weight. M-SO hadsignificantly (P<O.OS) lower calf birth weight (25.04 ± 0.27 kg) than M-56 (26.62 ± 0.52 kg) and M-63 (26.28 ± 0.46 kg). Calfbirth weight was significantly (P<0.05) lower in the first parity (24.33 ± 0.40 kg) than the later parities (25.89 ± 0.38, 26.32 ±0.60 and 26.86 ± 1.29 kg for second, third and founh parities, respectively).The higher calf birth weights of M-56 and M-63 were in accordance to the observation by Shamsuddin et al. (1998). Theheavier calves in the later parities may be due to the cows having attained full growth being able to use their energy for thegrowth of their young.ConclusionsThe Mafriwals of Sahiwal-Friesian base and with 50 - 75% Friesian genes, generally, appeared to perform similarly. Theyonly differed in terms of their calf birth weights and days from calving to first heat and first service. This is one of the reasonswhy the Department of Veterinary Services Malaysia has decided to allow these genetic groups to interbreed to produce acomposite synthetic breed for the country. However, because of the diverse gene pool of the mafriwal, the selective breedingshould be continued for the nucleus herd, ifnot at the farmers' level, and the performance of the animals, both at the nucleusherds and the farmers' herds, should be monitored.Benefits from the studyThe Mafriwal has been decided as the dairy breed for Malaysia. It is still in the development stage. In addition, its gene poolis constantly changing especially since it is a composite breed type with varying percentage of Friesian genes. It is, therefore,vital that its performance be continuously monitored. This would reflect not only the improvement achieved throughmanagement and selection and also the changes in the genetic variability of the populations.Patent(s), if applicable:NilStage of Commercialization, if applicable:NilProject Publications in Refereed Journals:NilProject Publications in Conference ProceedingsI. Kalaiselvi P, Panandam 1M, Tan SG and YusofTK. 2002. Association between microsatelJite markers and milk production traits inMafriwal dairy cattle. Proceedings of the 12thScientific Meeting and 13thAnnual General Meeting of the Malaysian Society for MolecularBiologyand Biotechnology,2002; p 39 (abstract).Kalaiselvi P, Panandam 1M, YusofTK and Tan SG. 2002. Microsatellite polymorphism in Mafriwal dairy cattle of Malaysia. Proceedings ofthe 25thMalaysian Societyof Animal production Annual Conference, 1-3 August 20m, Melaka, pp. 93-94.Graduate ResearchName'Graduateof Research Topic Field of Expertise Degree Awarded Graduation YearKalaiselvi Palani Genetic Animal Geneticscharacterisation ofthe .Mafriwal dairycattle of Malaysiausing quantitativeand molecularmethodsPh.D (working Anticipated 2004towards)(RP A Project number09-02-04-0 125UPM Research Cluster:AFFProject Leader Jothi Malar Panandam201

Milk production and reproduction performance of the Mafriwal dairy cattle of Malaysia

http://psasir.upm.edu.my/42234/1/milk%20production%20and%20reproduction%20performances.pdf

Milk production and reproduction performance of the Mafriwal dairy cattle of Malaysia

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository