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Influence of fore-arc structure on the extent of great subduction zone earthquakes
Authors
Abercrombie
Ammon
+67 more
Andrea L. Llenos
Backus
Backus
Backus
Backus
Bassin
Bevington
Byrne
Carlo
Cloos
Dalguer
Das
Delouis
Dziewonski
Efron
Ekstrom
Fujii
Fuller
Guatteri
Honda
Hyndman
Ihmlé
Iwata
Jeffrey J. McGuire
Kelleher
Kodaira
Kodaira
Koketsu
Komatitsch
Lay
Lay
Lay
Marone
McCaffrey
McGuire
McGuire
Miyazaki
Miyazaki
Mogi
Nishimura
Oleskevich
Pacheco
Polet
Pritchard
Pritchard
Ritsema
Ruff
Sandwell
Scholz
Scholz
Shaw
Silver
Silver
Song
Thatcher
Tichelaar
Tukey
Vandenberghe
von Huene
Wang
Wells
Wessel
Wibberley
Yagi
Yagi
Yamanaka
Yamanaka
Publication date
6 September 2007
Publisher
'American Geophysical Union (AGU)'
Doi
Cite
Abstract
Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2007. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 112 (2007): B09301, doi:10.1029/2007JB004944.Structural features associated with fore-arc basins appear to strongly influence the rupture processes of large subduction zone earthquakes. Recent studies demonstrated that a significant percentage of the global seismic moment release on subduction zone thrust faults is concentrated beneath the gravity lows resulting from fore-arc basins. To better determine the nature of this correlation and to examine its effect on rupture directivity and termination, we estimated the rupture areas of a set of Mw 7.5–8.7 earthquakes that occurred in circum-Pacific subduction zones. We compare synthetic and observed seismograms by measuring frequency-dependent amplitude and arrival time differences of the first orbit Rayleigh waves. At low frequencies, the amplitude anomalies primarily result from the spatial and temporal extent of the rupture. We then invert the amplitude and arrival time measurements to estimate the second moments of the slip distribution which describe the rupture length, width, duration, and propagation velocity of each earthquake. Comparing the rupture areas to the trench-parallel gravity anomaly (TPGA) above each rupture, we find that in 11 of the 15 events considered in this study the TPGA increases between the centroid and the limits of the rupture. Thus local increases in TPGA appear to be related to the physical conditions along the plate interface that favor rupture termination. Owing to the inherently long timescales required for fore-arc basin formation, the correlation between the TPGA field and rupture termination regions indicates that long-lived material heterogeneity rather than short timescale stress heterogeneities are responsible for arresting most great subduction zone ruptures.A. Llenos was supported by a National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate fellowship
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