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Using indirect methods to constrain symbiotic nitrogen fixation rates : a case study from an Amazonian rain forest
Authors
AE Russell
Alan R. Townsend
+71 more
AR Barron
Benjamin Z. Houlton
BZ Houlton
BZ Houlton
BZ Houlton
C Gehring
C Neill
C Neill
C Neill
C Neill
C Potter
CC Cleveland
Christopher Neill
Cory C. Cleveland
CW Jordan
D Binkley
D Markewitz
DC Garcia-Montiel
DC Garcia-Montiel
DC Garcia-Montiel
E Freiberg
EA Davidson
EB Rastetter
ED Schulze
FR Warembourg
G Likens
GP Robertson
H ter Steege
JB Kauffman
JI Sprent
JI Sprent
JM Melillo
JM Tiedje
JN Galloway
JN Galloway
KK Treseder
LA Martinelli
LA Martinelli
LP Olander
O Allen
PA Matson
PA Matson
PA Sanchez
PM Groffman
PM Vitousek
PM Vitousek
PM Vitousek
PM Vitousek
PM Vitousek
R Sylvester-Bradley
RA Dahlgren
RC Burns
RE Ley
RF Hughes
RTT Forman
S Germer
Sasha C. Reed
SC Reed
SC Reed
T Yoshinari
TE Crews
TE Crews
TJ Chestnut
TW Walker
V Matzek
VP Gutschick
W Cramer
W McDowell
WB McGill
Y Son
Yingping Wang
Publication date
1 January 2009
Publisher
'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
Doi
Cite
Abstract
© The Authors 2009. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License. The definitive version was published in Biogeochemistry 99 (2010): 1-13, doi:10.1007/s10533-009-9392-y.Human activities have profoundly altered the global nitrogen (N) cycle. Increases in anthropogenic N have had multiple effects on the atmosphere, on terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems, and even on human health. Unfortunately, methodological limitations challenge our ability to directly measure natural N inputs via biological N fixation (BNF)—the largest natural source of new N to ecosystems. This confounds efforts to quantify the extent of anthropogenic perturbation to the N cycle. To address this gap, we used a pair of indirect methods—analytical modeling and N balance—to generate independent estimates of BNF in a presumed hotspot of N fixation, a tropical rain forest site in central Rondônia in the Brazilian Amazon Basin. Our objectives were to attempt to constrain symbiotic N fixation rates in this site using indirect methods, and to assess strengths and weaknesses of this approach by looking for areas of convergence and disagreement between the estimates. This approach yielded two remarkably similar estimates of N fixation. However, when compared to a previously published bottom-up estimate, our analysis indicated much lower N inputs via symbiotic BNF in the Rondônia site than has been suggested for the tropics as a whole. This discrepancy may reflect errors associated with extrapolating bottom-up fluxes from plot-scale measures, those resulting from the indirect analyses, and/or the relatively low abundance of legumes at the Rondônia site. While indirect methods have some limitations, we suggest that until the technological challenges of directly measuring N fixation are overcome, integrated approaches that employ a combination of model-generated and empirically-derived data offer a promising way of constraining N inputs via BNF in natural ecosystems.We acknowledge and are grateful for financial support from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation (C.C. and B.H.), the National Science Foundation (NSF DEB-0515744 to C.C. and A.T. and DEB-0315656 to C.N.), and the NASA LBA Program (NCC5-285 to C.N.)
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