Kalidas, C

Linga Prabu, D

Manojkumar, P P

Suja, C P

CMFRI Digital Repository

rsocnrysrs garoana IS a rr1lr;rualya. IL IS a1 I uutstanding feed for various bivalve larvae and is now widely cultured for use in the bivalve aquaculture industry. This unicellular alga is investigated for its high amount of Fucoxanthin. Size is 3-6pm. Chaetoceros calcitrans is a marine diatom widely used in aquaculture industries, as its nutritional value is suitable for most marine filter feeders. Cells are more or less rectangular in girdle view and elliptical in valve view. Size is 4-6pm. Chlorella sp is a single-cell green algae belonging to the phylum Chlorophyta. It is spherical in shape, about 2 to 10 pm in diameter, and is without flagella. It contains the green photosynthetic pigments chlorophyll-a and-b in its chloroplast. I TUTlCORlN RESEARCH CENTRE I n Dunaliella salina is a type of halophile green micro- algae. It is well known for its antioxidant activity due to the presence of large amount of carotenoids. Size is 4-5pm. Nannochloropsis sp. by the way of providing nutrition and improving water quality can effectively promote the growth of rotifer, shrimp and crab larvae etc., and can I obviously raise survival rate. Size is 2-4pm. Marine microlalgae has been used not only as feed for marine organisms but also for emerging fields such as biofuel, bioremediation, commercial and research applications. More than 15000 novel compounds have been extracted and identified from microalgae for diverse purposes. The active compounds isolated from microalgae are potential in anticancer, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiinflammatory and antibacterial activities. Some important products derived from microalgae are EPS (Exopolysaccharides), highly unsaturated fatty acids ( DHA - Docosahexanoic acid, EPA-Eicosapentanoic acid), several enzymes and supplementary proteins etc. These products are significantly used in aquaculture, neutraceutical, pharmaceutical and various other commercial industries. MARINE MICROALGAL CULTURE - Prepared by- Dr. C.P. Suja Shri. C. Kalidas Shri. D. Linga Prabu Dr. P. P. Manojkumar I - Published by - Dr. A. Gopalakrishnan Director, ICAR - Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, d FB.No. 1603, Kochi - 682018, India. I m.d.g.-fi - LD&@LU ffi~eE,&&  WIT&&^ @~DwLuL~> ~ ~ & r p  &&!Jrrrirfftfl mu)uLb ICAR - Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute Tuticorin Research Centre Microalgae are the primary producers of the marlne food chain synthesizing food using solar energy, inorganic nutrients and carbon dioxide (CO,). They provide basic food to all the zooplankton and larval forms< of crustaceans, mollusks, echinoderms and fin fishes. Algae have recently received a lot of attention for its enormous uses, a new biomass source for the production -' --iewable energy, production of food, fertilizer, ~pdstics, dyes and colorants, chemical feed stock, ~armaceuticals and can also be used as a means of ,Ilution control. Earlier marine micro algal studies were -I lrsd mainly for providing suitable feed to the hatchery ,ms. Microalgae could become the potential ingredient of fish feed particularly during early stages of life due to its high nutritivevalue. The isolation of pure culture from the innumerable organisms from the seawater and its maintenance is a difficult task. It needs specific physical and chemical requirements for its optimum growth. Tuticorin Research Centre of CMFRl has a pioneer marine phytoplankton laboratory started in 1980's in the country. It conserved fifteen different species of marine microalgae. Recently new strains of microalgae were isolated from Gulf of Mannar and added to the repository. The stock cultures were benefited by the students, researchers and farmers for their research and hatchery purpose. By exploiting the phototactic movements: The phytoflagellates will move to one direction where light Algal culture can be done by Semi-Continuous culture methods. source is present and can be isolated. Batch culture : This method employs single inoculation Agar plating method : The isolated species can be of algal cells into a container of fertilized seawater picked up by sterile needle or sterile loop under followed by a growing period of several days and microscope and streaked on the surface of 1.5% of aaar harvesting when reaches its maximum density. The batch I - plate. Once, it has grown into a colony in an agar plate, culture is generally done in the series of test tubes, 2 L removed by sterile loop and transferred to culture flasks flasks, 5 and 20 L carboys, 150 L cylinders, 500 L ind (250 ml) and largerflasks and subsequently the algae can tanks, 5,000 L to 25,000 L outdoor tanks. The volume d be cultured on a mass scale. the inoculum is generally 2-10% of volume of the preceding stage in the upscaling process. Continuous culture: Supply of fertilized seawater is continuously pumped into a growth chamber and the Semi-continuous: In this method partial periodic Different species of microalgae grown on agar plate harvesting is practiced and immediately the volume of Dilution culture method: Aseptically add 1 ml of culture is maintained to oriainal volume bv the addition of " enrichment sample to the first tube (10.') and mix gently. seawater and supplementing with nutrients to achieve the Take 1 ml of this dilution and add to the next tube (1 0-7 mix mriginal level of enrichment, gently. Likewise it can be serially diluted up to 1 0-6 - to get a unialgal culture. Nutrients & Culture Media : Concentrations of cells in phytoplankton cultures are generally higher than those ALGAL CULTURE I found in nature. Algal cultures must therefore be Algae can be cultured using a wide variety of enriched with nutrients to make up for the deficiencies in methods, ranging from closely-controlled laboratory the seawater in algal culture laboratory. Macronutrients methods to outdoor mass culture methods. such as nitrate, phosphate (in an approximate ratio of excess culture is simultaneously washed out that permits the maintenance of cultures very close to the maximum growth rate. Two categories of continuous cultures are turbidostat and chemostat culture. ' 1 1  I I I I Indoor : Indoor culture allows control over illumination, .- Pi~ette method: The inoculum is obtained bv selectina temperature, nutrient level and prevent contamination. It " single cells of the desired species by means of a is a closed culture system using culture vessels such as micropipette under a microscope. tubes, flasks, carboys, bags etc. w . . Centrifugation method: Centrifugation will b Outdoor : Outdoor algal systems make it very difficult to I performed repeatedly for six times to expel most of th grow specific algal cultures for extended periods. It is an microorganisms presented in algal sample and the cell culture system nracticed in ~~ncovered ponds and nks. will be then streaked on to agar plates. -6:1), and silicate are essential for algal culture. Micronutrients consist of various trace metals and the 7 vitamins thiamin (Bl), cyanocobalamin (B12) and d s o m e t i m e s  biotin is required for micro algal culture. During the first stages of the isolation procedure Conway' -or Walne's medium. modified Guillard's f/2 medium and TMRL medium are commonly used. 

Marine microlalgal culture

http://eprints.cmfri.org.in/12497/1/Marine%20Microalgal%20Culture%20Brochure_Tuticorin_2017_Suja%20C%20P.pdf

Marine microlalgal culture

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