As an important production factor and an element of the fixed capital,
mechanization has significant role in the process of agricultural production. Its
importance has both technical and socio-economic character, as the tractors and other
agricultural machinery had radically changed rural life as well as the way of land
cultivation – they increased labour productivity in agricultural production and decreased
the operating costs.
In the preparation period for integration of our country into the European countries'
family, technical equipping of agriculture has reflected the basic component important for
functionality of the new agrarian structures. Replacement of depreciated mechanization
and provision of enough high-performance tractors as well as other modern agricultural
machinery necessary for the farms (both in direct way or in an indirect one – through
different forms of financing, cooperation and mutual support), represent determinants for
undisturbed and in-time implementation of agricultural in-field operations as well as other
activities in crop and livestock production.
In this paper the authors try to display the basic economic aspects of agricultural
mechanization utilization in Serbia as well as to compare existing situation with the
similar one in neighbouring countries (area of ex-SFRJ), then with the Central and
Eastern Europe countries (CEE) and finally with some EU countries (EU-15).
In addition to that, this analysis includes the basic characteristics of agrarian policy
aiming at agricultural mechanization recovery and improvement in Serbia, as well as the
support of this policy (supporting financial resources for recovery of agricultural
equipment and mechanization as well as for rural improvement).Kao važan proizvodni faktor i element fiksnog kapitala, mehanizacija ima
značajnu ulogu u procesu poljoprivredne proizvodnje. Njen značaj ima kako tehnički,
tako i društveno-ekonomski karakter, budući da su traktori i poljoprivredne mašine
radikalno izmenile život na selu i način obrade zemljišta - povećale su produktivnost
rada u poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji i smanjile troškove eksploatacije.
U pripremnom periodu za integraciju naše zemlje u porodicu evropskih zemalja,
tehnička opremljenost poljoprivrede reflektuje osnovnu komponentu od koje zavisi
funkcionalnost novih agrarnih struktura. Zamena dotrajale mehanizacije i obezbeđenje
dovoljnog broja visoko-performansnih traktora i ostalih savremenih poljoprivrednih
mašina za potrebe poljoprivrednih gazdinstava (bilo direktno, bilo indirektno – kroz
različite forme finansiranja, kooperacije i uzajamne pomoći), jeste determinanta za
nesmetano i blagovremeno obavljanje kako poljskih, tako i ostalih radova koji prate
aktivnosti u biljnoj i stočarskoj proizvodnji.
U ovom radu autori nastoje da prikažu osnovne ekonomske aspekte korišćenja
mehanizacije u poljoprivredi Srbije i da izvrše komparaciju sa stanjem koje u tom
domenu vlada u susednim zemljama (područje bivše SFRJ), zatim u zemljama Centralne
i Istočne Evrope (CIE) i najzad u jednom broju zemalja Evropske unije (EU-15).
Pored toga, analizom su obuhvaćene i osnovne postavke politike obnove i
unapređenja poljoprivredne tehnike u Srbiji, bazirane na merama i podsticajnim
sredstvima domaće agrarne politike (podsticajna sredstva za obnovu poljoprivredne
opreme i mehanizacije i podsticajna sredstva za unapređenje sela)
