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    Development and Application of the Global Ecological Education Program for Increasing Eco-Literacy

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ • ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ต์œก์ „๊ณต, 2022.2. ๊น€์žฌ๊ทผ.The global ecosystem faces various and severe environmental and ecological problems such as biodiversity loss, climate change, and land desertification. Ecological literacy education is essential to solving the future ecosystem's issues. The recent changes in the global ecosystem have resulted in individuals and communities that have a more significant impact on the national and international levels due to globalization. To recognize the global ecological crisis, a fundamental understanding of these issues is required based on an environmental perspective that includes individuals, populations, communities, biomes, and global ecosystems. Therefore, it is necessary to emphasize the global perspective by reflecting social and environmental trends in ecological education. Since informal educational institutions complement formal education, environmental ecology education should reflect a global view, including social-environmental trends. To this end, it is necessary to discuss specific methods for expanding the objects and subjects away from the existing nature experience-centered ecological education provided by informal educational institutes. This study tried to propose a model of the 'Global Ecological Education Program,' which reflects the global perspective that can suggest the direction of ecological education for adults (e.g., university students). In chapter โ… , based on the necessity of research related to the development of ecological literacy and ecological education programs targeting Korean university students to solve future global ecological issues, I tried to elucidate the level of awareness of ecological literacy and influence factors for diagnosing the current status of university students. In order to measure the ecological literacy of Korean university students, a statistically representative scale (more than 1,000 people) was extracted, and a survey and analysis were conducted on the ecological literacy awareness level of university students of the corresponding size (i.e., sample size: 1,009 students). As a result, first, the recognition level of the integrated ecological literacy of Korean university students was overall above 'average.' By ecological literacy component, ecological values & attitudes, sensibility, knowledge & understanding showed an average level of recognition. In contrast, ecological thinking ability was low, and although they had the willingness to act, they lacked experience. Second, there was no regional difference in the characteristics of ecological literacy perception. Still, by gender, women were higher than men, and by university type, four-year university students were slightly higher than two-year college students. There was a difference in the level of awareness of ecological literacy by major fields, and it was different for each ecological literacy component. The ecological literacy of education-majored students was the highest overall. At the same time, natural, engineering, and pharmaceutical majors showed high knowledge & understanding, thinking ability, and humanities; arts & physical education majors showed high sensitivity and values โ€‹โ€‹& attitudes. Third, the correlation between the components showed a close correlation between values & attitude and sensitivity, knowledge & understanding and thinking ability, and action willingness and action experience. Fourth, as an influencing factor, the willingness of 'I' is the most important. The experience of observing nature and discussing and debating ecological issues was the most influential factor in the ecological literacy component. In addition, indirect experiences through books & media and the experience of participating in out-of-school educational programs affect the cultivation of ecological literacy. Fifth, Korean university students showed a different preference for ecological education program topics by major. The preferred program types were field trips and camps that students could directly participate. Considerations for students' participation in the program included participation fees, compensation system, reinforcement of public relations, and academic impact. Finally, the influence of parents on behavioral experiences for ecological practice and participation was significant. As a result of the study, it is necessary to promote the cultivation of ecological literacy of Korean university students. For this purpose, it is essential to provide opportunities for experience through the development and provision of various ecological education programs considering the characteristics of university students in informal educational institutes. In chapter โ…ก, I reviewed the importance of developing an ecological education program reflecting the trend of the times. Then, I proposed a model of the ecological education program development procedure for informal educational institutes that reflected the management characteristics of public institutes (i.e., informal education institutes). The first procedure was selecting the foundation model that reflects the operating characteristics of the public institute. Secondly, informal educational institutes should have chosen the educational procedure elements through a prior study review. Later, the revised procedural model was developed by examining the issues in the management evaluation of the public institute. As a case study (fourth procedure), the model applied to the โ€˜2018 Global Ecology Cooperation Academy' of the National Institute of Ecology. The final process was presented by checking and modifying the complements of the procedures. Based on the P-D-C-A model (i.e., foundation model), the case study could supplement the model's availability and develop the procedure model of the ecological education program development. Based on these analyses, it was possible to suggest applying for the development and evaluation of ecological education programs considering the characteristics of the public institute. In chapter โ…ข, The 'Global Ecology Education Program' developed and applied to nurture global citizens who cultivate ecological literacy for university students and older adults. The program was designed as a framework for the five components of ecological literacy (sensibility, values & attitudes, knowledge & understanding, thinking ability, practice & participation) according to chapter โ…ก. The program consists of 4 modules (44 hours) (โ‘  international cooperation status of environmental and ecological field in Korea and other countries, โ‘ก nature's contributions to people lecture, โ‘ข participation in global biodiversity and ecosystem service assessment, โ‘ฃ field trips). The developed program applied to 18 students from August 21st to 27th (7days), 2019. The result of the program is as follows. (1) Participants perceived participation in the academy as a communication platform to expand information exchange with people who have similar interests in ecology and environment. In addition, they recognized it as an opportunity to access career information and find a way to solve their problems. (2) The global ecological education program effectively cultivated participants' ecological literacy, improved their willingness to make career decisions, and gained confidence in new challenges. Modules 2 and 3 were the most meaningful modules for cultivating ecological literacy. Module 2 improved ecological values and attitudes by making the participants aware of the importance of an ecocentric perspective. Module 3 helped improve ecological thinking ability to discover and solve global issues related to biodiversity and ecosystem services. Participants generally prefer programs focused on international discussion trends and international cooperation practice and utilization. In addition, they felt a sense of accomplishment and satisfaction in training & participation-oriented learning rather than lecture-oriented learning. (3) Participants actively used participation opportunities in the learning process by interacting with various stakeholders (e.g, other participants, instructors, mentors, operators, etc.) to maximize their learning effects. (4) After the program, students' participation experience increased confidence in new challenges, improving their willingness to practice specific actions in related fields. As a result of the evaluation of circumstance factors, they preferred to create an intensive and efficient condition that did not significantly affect the individualโ€™s main work (e.g., study, job, etc.). Moreover, providing an immersed environment in the program leads to overall satisfaction improvement. In conclusion, this study suggested the framework of ecological education reflecting the global perspective and the necessity of expanding ecological education for adults based on the review of ecological literacy from the global citizenship perspective. In addition, the โ€˜Global Ecological Education Program (actual education program of the public institute)โ€™ was developed by the model of the ecological education program development procedure for informal educational institutes. Korean university students felt the lack of learning opportunities for ecological education programs and demanded the experience of various ecological education programs for career development. Moreover, the ecological literacy cultivation education program (i.e., Global Ecological Education Program) reflecting the global perspective effectively cultivated the ecological literacy of university students. It promoted their willingness to act by improving ecological thinking and providing behavioral experiences. This study can be applied as a model for developing ecological literacy programs through the life cycle of informal educational institutes.์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ๊ฐ์†Œ, ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”, ํ† ์ง€ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰ํ™” ๋“ฑ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝโ€ค์ƒํƒœ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ ์†Œ์–‘ ํ•จ์–‘๊ต์œก์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ฐœ์ธ๊ณผ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ํ–‰์œ„๊ฐ€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ , ์ง€๊ตฌ์  ์ฐจ์›์— ์ ์ฐจ ๋” ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ์œ„๊ธฐ ์ธ์‹์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐœ์ฒดโ€ค๊ฐœ์ฒด๊ตฐโ€ค๊ตฐ์ง‘โ€ค์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ตฐ๊ณ„(๋ฐ”์ด์˜ด)โ€ค์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ์ƒํƒœํ•™์  ๊ด€์ ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์  ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ƒํƒœ๊ต์œก์— ์‚ฌํšŒโ€คํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ด€์ ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ™˜๊ฒฝโ€ค์ƒํƒœ๊ต์œก์—์„œ ํ˜•์‹๊ต์œก๊ณผ ์ƒ๋ณด์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„ํ˜•์‹ ๊ต์œก๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์—ญํ• ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๊ต์œก์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋น„ํ˜•์‹ ๊ต์œก๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ž์—ฐ ์ฒดํ—˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์ƒํƒœ๊ต์œก์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜, ๋Œ€์ƒ๊ณผ ์ฃผ์ œ ํ™•์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์„ฑ์ธ(๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ)์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”, ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ด€์ ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ ์†Œ์–‘ ํ•จ์–‘ ๊ต์œก์ธ โ€˜๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์ƒํƒœ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจโ€™์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 1์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์ง€๊ตฌ ์ƒํƒœ ์ด์Šˆ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ ์†Œ์–‘ ๋ฐ ์ƒํƒœ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ, ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ƒํƒœ ์†Œ์–‘ ์ธ์‹ ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ ์†Œ์–‘์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ณธ์„ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  1,009๋ช…์˜ ์ƒํƒœ ์†Œ์–‘ ์ธ์‹ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์„ค๋ฌธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ฒซ์งธ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ ์†Œ์–‘ ํ†ตํ•ฉ ์ธ์‹ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ โ€˜๋ณดํ†ตโ€™ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ธ์‹ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒํƒœ ์†Œ์–‘ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ ๋ณ„๋กœ๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€๊ณผ ํƒœ๋„, ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ, ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ์ดํ•ด๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต์˜ ์ธ์‹ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋ณด์ธ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ƒํƒœ์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋‚ฎ์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ–‰๋™ ์˜์ง€๋Š” ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ƒํƒœ ์†Œ์–‘ ์ธ์‹์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์„ฑ๋ณ„๋กœ๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’๊ณ , ๋Œ€ํ•™์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„๋กœ๋Š” 4๋…„์ œ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ•™์ƒ์ด ์ „๋ฌธ๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ•™์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ „๊ณต๊ณ„์—ด๋ณ„๋กœ๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ ์†Œ์–‘ ์ธ์‹ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ต์œก๊ณ„์—ด ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ ์†Œ์–‘์ด ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ž์—ฐโ€ค๊ณตํ•™โ€ค์˜์•ฝ ๊ณ„์—ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ์ดํ•ด์™€ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด, ์ธ๋ฌธโ€ค์˜ˆ์ฒด๋Šฅ ๊ณ„์—ด์€ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€๊ณผ ํƒœ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ ๊ฐ„ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€-ํƒœ๋„์™€ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ, ์ง€์‹-์ดํ•ด์™€ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ํ–‰๋™ ์˜์ง€์™€ ํ–‰๋™ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ์€ โ€˜๋‚˜โ€™ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ž์—ฐ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ธฐ, ์ƒํƒœ ์ด์Šˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ† ์˜โ€คํ† ๋ก  ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์ƒํƒœ ์†Œ์–‘ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ์ค€ ์š”์ธ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋„์„œ์™€ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ฐ„์ ‘ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต ๋ฐ– ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์ƒํƒœ ์†Œ์–‘ ํ•จ์–‘์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์„ฏ์งธ, ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ƒํƒœ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์„ ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์ „๊ณต๊ณ„์—ด๋ณ„๋กœ ์„ ํ˜ธ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฒฌํ•™โ€ค์บ ํ”„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ง์ ‘ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™œ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์œ ํ˜•์„ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๊ณ ๋ ค์‚ฌํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ฐธ๊ฐ€๋น„, ๋ณด์ƒ์ œ๋„ ๋งˆ๋ จ, ํ™๋ณด ๊ฐ•ํ™”, ํ•™์—…์— ์˜ํ–ฅ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ƒํƒœ์  ์‹ค์ฒœ๊ณผ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ–‰๋™ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ ์†Œ์–‘ ํ•จ์–‘ ์ฆ์ง„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋น„ํ˜•์‹ ๊ต์œก๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ์ œ๊ณต์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 2์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ๋น„ํ˜•์‹ ๊ต์œก๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์šด์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ, ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋น„ํ˜•์‹ ๊ต์œก๊ธฐ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ–์ถ”์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ต์œก์  ์ ˆ์ฐจ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ ์Ÿ์  ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ ๊ฒ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์ •๋œ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ์ƒํƒœ์› โ€˜2018 ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์ƒํƒœํ˜‘๋ ฅ ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธโ€™์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ˆ์ฐจ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ณด์™„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์‚ฌํ•ญ๋“ค์„ ์ ๊ฒ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ์ข… ์ ˆ์ฐจ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, P-D-C-A๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋น„ํ˜•์‹ ๊ต์œก๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹œ๋ฒ” ์šด์˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™œ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ ์ด๊ณ  ์„ธ๋ถ„ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์‹œํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‹ค์ œ์ ์ธ ๋ฉ”๋‰ด์–ผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 3์—์„œ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ ์ด์ƒ ์„ฑ์ธ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ ์†Œ์–‘์„ ํ•จ์–‘ํ•œ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์–‘์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด โ€˜๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์ƒํƒœ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจโ€™์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 2์˜ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ƒํƒœ ์†Œ์–‘ 5๊ฐœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ(๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ, ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€๊ณผ ํƒœ๋„, ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ์ดํ•ด, ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ์‹ค์ฒœ๊ณผ ์ฐธ์—ฌ)๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํ‹€๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, โ‘  ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝโ€ง์ƒํƒœ ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ, โ‘ก ์ž์—ฐ์ด ์ธ๋ฅ˜์— ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜œํƒ, โ‘ข ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์ฐธ์—ฌ, โ‘ฃ ๊ฒฌํ•™โ€ง์ฒดํ—˜/๊ต์œก ์šด์˜ ์ด 4๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ(44์‹œ๊ฐ„)๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ 2019๋…„ 8์›” 21์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 27์ผ, 6๋ฐ• 7์ผ ๋™์•ˆ ์ด 18๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค์€ ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒํƒœใƒปํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ์ •๋ณด๊ต๋ฅ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐˆ์ฆ์„ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œํ†ต์˜ ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ, ์ง„๋กœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ ‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ ๋ฏผ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์ƒํƒœ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž์˜ ์ƒํƒœ ์†Œ์–‘ ํ•จ์–‘๊ณผ ์ง„๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ • ์˜์ง€ ํ–ฅ์ƒ, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋„์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ํš๋“์— ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒํƒœ ์†Œ์–‘ ํ•จ์–‘์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์€ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒํƒœ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ฃผ์˜์  ๊ด€์ ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒํƒœ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€๊ณผ ํƒœ๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค€ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ 2์™€, ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์„œ๋น„์Šค์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์ด์Šˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ตดํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•™์Šต์œผ๋กœ ์ƒํƒœ์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ ฅ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ 3 ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค์€ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตญ์ œ์ ์ธ ๋…ผ์˜ ๋™ํ–ฅ๊ณผ ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ ์‹ค๋ฌดโ€คํ™œ์šฉ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ•์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ํ•™์Šต๋ณด๋‹ค ์‹ค์Šต๊ณผ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ํ•™์Šต์—์„œ ์„ฑ์ทจ๊ฐ๊ณผ ๋งŒ์กฑ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ํ•™์Šต ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค์€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ํ•™์Šต ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž(๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž, ๊ต์ˆ˜์ž, ๋ฉ˜ํ† , ์šด์˜์ง„ ๋“ฑ)์™€ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ํ›„ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋„์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ํ–‰๋™ ์‹ค์ฒœ ์˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ œ๋ฐ˜ ์‚ฌํ•ญ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ฃผ ์—…๋ฌด(ํ•™์—…, ์ง์—… ๋“ฑ)์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ ์ง‘์•ฝ์ ใƒปํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์กฐ์„ฑ์„ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชฐ์ž…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ณต์ด ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ƒํƒœ ์†Œ์–‘์„ ์žฌ์กฐ๋ช…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ด€์ ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๊ต์œก์˜ ํ‹€์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ , ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์„ฑ์ธ ์ƒํƒœ๊ต์œก ํ™•์žฅ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ , โ€˜๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์ƒํƒœ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจโ€™์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœโ€ค์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ƒํƒœ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ํ•™์Šต์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•จ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ง„๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ด€์ ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ ์†Œ์–‘ ํ•จ์–‘ ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ โ€˜๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์ƒํƒœ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจโ€™์€ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ ์†Œ์–‘ ํ•จ์–‘์— ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ƒํƒœ์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ ฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๊ณผ ํ–‰๋™ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ์ œ๊ณต์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ํ–‰๋™ ์˜์ง€๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ƒ์•  ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ณ„ ๋น„ํ˜•์‹ ๊ต์œก๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ƒํƒœ ์†Œ์–‘ ํ•จ์–‘ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ํ™•๋Œ€ ์ ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  6 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฐœ์š” 7 โ…ก. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 9 1. ์ƒํƒœ๊ต์œก 9 1.1. ์ƒํƒœ๊ต์œก์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 9 1.2. ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์†Œ์–‘, ์ƒํƒœ์  ์†Œ์–‘, ์ƒํƒœ ์†Œ์–‘์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ 13 1.3. ์ƒํƒœ ์†Œ์–‘ ํ•จ์–‘๊ต์œก ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ 29 2. ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ต์œก 33 2.1. ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์†Œ์–‘ 33 2.2. ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ ํ•จ์–‘๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ 39 3. ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์ƒํƒœ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ 46 3.1. ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ด€์ ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ ์†Œ์–‘ ์ •์˜์™€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ 46 3.2. ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์ƒํƒœ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 50 โ…ข. ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ ์†Œ์–‘ ํ•จ์–‘ ์ธ์‹ ์กฐ์‚ฌ 52 1. ์„œ๋ก  52 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ ˆ์ฐจ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 54 2.1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฐœ์š” 54 2.2. ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ 54 2.3. ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋„๊ตฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 58 2.4. ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ 67 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 68 3.1. ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ ์†Œ์–‘ ์ธ์‹ ์ˆ˜์ค€ 68 3.2. ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ ์ „๊ณต๊ณ„์—ด๋ณ„ ์ธ์‹ ์ˆ˜์ค€ 72 3.3. ์ƒํƒœ ์†Œ์–‘ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ ๊ฐ„ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„ 75 3.4. ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ ์†Œ์–‘ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ 77 3.5. ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์ƒํƒœ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์š”๊ตฌ ๋ถ„์„ 82 4. ๋…ผ์˜ 87 5. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 90 โ…ฃ. ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๋น„ํ˜•์‹ ์ƒํƒœ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ ˆ์ฐจ ๋ชจํ˜• ์ œ์•ˆ 94 1. ์„œ๋ก  94 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ ˆ์ฐจ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 97 2.1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฐœ์š” 97 2.2. ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์„ ์ • : PDCA 97 2.3. ์ˆ˜์ • ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฒ” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ ์ ์šฉ 98 2.4. ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ 99 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๋…ผ์˜ 100 3.1. 1์ฐจ ์ˆ˜์ • ๋ชจํ˜• 100 3.2. 2์ฐจ ์ˆ˜์ • ๋ชจํ˜• 106 3.3. ์ˆ˜์ • ๋ชจํ˜• ์ ์šฉ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 113 3.4. ์ตœ์ข…๋ชจํ˜• 146 4. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 148 โ…ค. ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์ƒํƒœ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ ์ ์šฉ 150 1. ์„œ๋ก  150 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ ˆ์ฐจ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 152 2.1. ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 152 2.2. ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ ์šฉ 153 2.3. ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ 154 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 159 3.1. ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์ƒํƒœ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๊ณผ ๋ชฉ์  159 3.2. ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์ƒํƒœ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 161 3.3. ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ ์šฉ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ถ„์„ 170 4. ๋…ผ์˜ 205 5. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 207 โ…ฅ. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 210 1. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  210 2. ์ œ์–ธ 214๋ฐ•

    ๊ตญ์ œ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ ์ธ์žฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์‚ฌ์—…(2018)

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    ์ด ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ(์œ ๋„ค์Šค์ฝ” ๋ฐฉ์ฝ• ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์†Œ)์— ๋ณธ์›์˜ ์ง์—…๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ง์›์„ ํŒŒ๊ฒฌํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ฒ”์ ์ธ ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์•„์‹œ์•„๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์— ์ „ํŒŒํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์˜ ๋นˆ๊ณค ํ‡ด์น˜ ๋ฐ ๋ฐœ์ „์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•จ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์—, ์ง์—…๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๋ณธ์›์˜ ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ œ๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณธ์›์ด ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—… ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€. ๊ตญ์ œ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ ์ธ์žฌ ํŒŒ๊ฒฌ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ TVET ๋ถ„์•ผ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ ์ฒซ์งธ, ํ•œ๊ตญ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์›์€ ์œ ๋„ค์Šค์ฝ” ์ง€์ • ์ง์—…๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ ๋ถ„์•ผ ์ง€์—ญ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ ์„ผํ„ฐ(Regional Center of Excellence in TVET)๋กœ์„œ ์•„์‹œ์•„ยทํƒœํ‰์–‘ ์ง€์—ญ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์˜ ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ ์ฒด์ œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ž๋ฌธ ๋ฐ ์ง€์›์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•ด ์™”๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ํ•œ๊ตญ์ด ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฐœ์ „์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ๋“ค์ด ๋ฒค์น˜๋งˆํ‚นํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฒ”์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•œ ์ง์—…๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์•„์‹œ์•„ ์ง€์—ญ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋“ฑ ์œ ๋„ค์Šค์ฝ” ํšŒ์›๊ตญ๋“ค์ด ํฐ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ํ‘œ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ ์ˆ˜์›๊ตญ์—์„œ ๊ณต์—ฌ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•œ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ ์„ฑ๊ณต์  ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๊ตญ์ œ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ฑ…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ์œ ๋„ค์Šค์ฝ” ํšŒ์›๊ตญ๋“ค์˜ ์ง์—…๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ธ์ ์ž์› ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋™ํ–ฅ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์›๊ตญ์˜ ์ž๋ฆฝ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตญ์ œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ์˜ ์šฐํ˜ธ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ฆ์ง„ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜. ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์˜ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ๊ตญ์ œ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์— ํŒŒ๊ฒฌ๋œ ์ง์›์˜ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์™€ ์ด ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํŒŒ๊ฒฌ์ž๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ•ด์™ธ ์œ ๊ด€๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๋ฐ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค๊ณผ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํ‚นํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋กœ์„œ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์œ ๊ด€๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ณผ์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๋งˆ๋ จ ๋ฐ ๊ณผ์ œ ๋ฐœ๊ตด ๋“ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ์•ผ๋ฅผ ๋„“ํž ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŒŒ๊ฒฌ์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์ง๋Šฅ์›์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํŒŒ๊ฒฌ์ž ๋ณธ์ธ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค์˜ 2์ฐจ์ ์ธ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊พ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.์š” ์•ฝ vii ์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก _1 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์‚ฌ์—… ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  3 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์‚ฌ์—… ์ถ”์ง„ ์ฒด์ œ 7 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์‚ฌ์—… ๋‚ด์šฉ 8 ์ œ2์žฅ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ ์ธ์žฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์‚ฌ์—… ์šด์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ(2010~2018)_13 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์‚ฌ์—… ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 15 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์‚ฌ์—… ์„ธ๋ถ€ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 23 ์ œ3์ ˆ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํŒŒ๊ฒฌ ์ง์›๋ณ„ ํ™œ๋™ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 32 ์ œ3์žฅ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ ์ธ์žฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์‚ฌ์—… ์šด์˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ์ง€์›_41 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์šด์˜ ์ง€์› ๊ฐœ์š” 43 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์ง์› ํŒŒ๊ฒฌ ์ค€๋น„ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ 44 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์ง์› ํŒŒ๊ฒฌ ์‹คํ–‰ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ 53 ์ œ4์ ˆ ์ง์› ๊ท€๊ตญ ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ 54 ์ œ4์žฅ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„_57 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฐœ์š” 59 ์ œ2์ ˆ ํŒŒ๊ฒฌ ์ง์› ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๊ณผ 61 ์ œ3์ ˆ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ TVET ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์„ค๋ฌธ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 71 ์ œ4์ ˆ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„ 80 ์ œ5์žฅ ์‚ฌ์—… ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐœ์„  ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ_85 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์‚ฌ์—… ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 87 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์‚ฌ์—… ๊ฐœ์„  ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 91 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ_99 ๋ถ€ ๋ก_101 1. Feb.-Mar. 2017 103 2. April-May 2017 112 3. June.-July . 2017 115 4. Aug 2017 to Sept. 2017. 119 5. ํŒŒ๊ฒฌ ์ง์› ๋Œ€์ƒ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€ 122 6. TVET ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€ 13

    Critical success factors of government-led international technological cooperation for national defense core-technology R&D projects

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    In the defense core technology field, it is important to secure core technologies at a pace that is in line with the pace of technological development, which has become more advanced over time. However, the pace of technological advancement is faster than ever, and the need for weapons systems with new technologies is increasing. Nevertheless, it can be said that independently securing core technologies in all fields is almost impossible, considering the required costs and duration. International technology cooperation can overcome these cost and period constraints, and strengthen relations between countries. International technology cooperation in the field of defense core technology has began to overcome difficulties in independent development; however, the sharing and joint development of key defense-related technologies among countries has encountered various difficulties. Therefore, in this study, the factors affecting the performance (quantitative and qualitative) of core technology R&D projects in the defense sector were divided into individual competencies (professional skills, communication skills, leadership, and foreign language skills) and external factors (legal system, interrelationship, cost reduction, and period reduction), and research models and hypotheses were established. This hypothesis was verified through a survey and a multiple regression analysis. The analysis revealed that the derived influencing factors had a positive (+) effect on project performance, confirming that both individual competency and external factors are important in project performance

    Critical success factors of government-led international technological cooperation for national defense core-technology R&D projects

    Get PDF
    In the defense core technology field, it is important to secure core technologies at a pace that is in line with the pace of technological development, which has become more advanced over time. However, the pace of technological advancement is faster than ever, and the need for weapons systems with new technologies is increasing. Nevertheless, it can be said that independently securing core technologies in all fields is almost impossible, considering the required costs and duration. International technology cooperation can overcome these cost and period constraints, and strengthen relations between countries. International technology cooperation in the field of defense core technology has began to overcome difficulties in independent development; however, the sharing and joint development of key defense-related technologies among countries has encountered various difficulties. Therefore, in this study, the factors affecting the performance (quantitative and qualitative) of core technology R&D projects in the defense sector were divided into individual competencies (professional skills, communication skills, leadership, and foreign language skills) and external factors (legal system, interrelationship, cost reduction, and period reduction), and research models and hypotheses were established. This hypothesis was verified through a survey and a multiple regression analysis. The analysis revealed that the derived influencing factors had a positive (+) effect on project performance, confirming that both individual competency and external factors are important in project performance

    A Study on the International Cooperation for Sea Training

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    Recently, in a state that an imbalance phenomenon of seafarer supply has been aggravated all over the world, it is expected that there will be shortages of about 8,000 ship officers and about 30,000 ratings in 2020. Although high-quality maritime training and education are needed to solve the problem, it is reality that developing countries supplying a half scale of worldwide crew manpower do not have their own training ships as well as it is difficult for them to implement systematic on-board education and training due to significant shortage of their own fleets. Thus, this dissertation suggests desirable operation types of shipboard training by grasping present conditions of training ships of the world and on-board education systems per nation and also intends to seek international cooperation schemes for on-board training in order to supply seafarers smoothly to the world maritime industry regardless of the insufficiency. Owing to increase of trade volume in accordance with economic growth, both vessel enlargement and new ship supply quantity are increasing at the worldwide maritime market. Hence, demands for competent ship officers and ratings are anticipated to rise steadily. There are 42 training vessels (1,000 tons and over) for on-board education and training throughout the world. Among them, sailing training ships are 11, merchant training ships are 5, and exclusive training ships are 26. Average tonnage of sailing training ships is 2,311 tons and the average age is 45 years. Average tonnage of merchant training ships is 11,656 tons and the average age is 22 years. And, average tonnage of exclusive training ships is 5,381 tons and the average age is 28.7 years. In order of Japan, Poland, Taiwan, the Republic of Korea, China, and the USA, they possess training ships which are below the average ages of vessels. Exclusive training ships which are run by Korea, HANNARA and SAEYUDAL, are planned to retire in 2019 and substitute training ships are under construction. Average age of retiring training ships is 23 years. It is 5.7 years lower than the world average age of training ships (28.7 years). Accordingly, for an international cooperative on-board training program which was proposed to resolve the imbalance of the seafarer supply as part of international cooperation methods, it is possible to utilize HANNARA and SAEYUDAL. Recently maritime education systems tend to be largely divided into multi-stage sea training, continuous sea training, on-board training of a merchant ship, and on-board training of a training ship. Countries to adopt the multi-stage training and combine the sea training of a merchant ship are the UK, USA, Japan, Russia and Poland, etc. Korea, China, Philippines, India, Myanmar, and so on in Asia assume the form of the continuous training. The rest of Asia except for the Republic of Korea and China adopt the sea training on merchant ships. As one of international cooperation schemes for on-board training, this study suggested a measure to establish GSTC (Global Sea Training Center), which selects the type of the continuous sea training targeting countries which have no other choice but to depend on the sea training of a merchant ship, because they cannot maintain their own training ships. In addition, about detailed promotion plans and business plans for the GSTC establishment, they will be processed by organizing a task force team for the establishment that consists of experts of government and maritime education.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1 1.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 1.2 ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 2 1.3 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 3 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์Šน์„ ์‹ค์Šต์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ตญ์ œ์  ๋™ํ–ฅ 6 2.1 STCW ํ˜‘์•ฝ ๋งˆ๋‹๋ผ ๊ฐœ์ •๊ทœ์ • 6 2.1.1 ํ˜‘์•ฝ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ์ •ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 6 2.1.2 STCW ํ˜‘์•ฝ ๋งˆ๋‹๋ผ ๊ฐœ์ •๊ทœ์ • ์ฃผ์š”๋‚ด์šฉ 8 2.2 2006 ํ•ด์‚ฌ๋…ธ๋™ํ˜‘์•ฝ 12 2.2.1 ํ˜‘์•ฝ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 12 2.3 ์Šน์„ ์‹ค์Šต ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ตญยท๋‚ด์™ธ ๊ทœ์ • 14 2.3.1 ์„ ๋ฐ•์ง์›๋ฒ• 14 2.3.2 ํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ธฐ๋ก๋ถ€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ทœ์ • 14 2.3.3 ํ•ด๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฉดํ—ˆ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์Šน๋ฌด๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ 15 2.4 ์š”์•ฝ 16 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์„ ์›์ธ๋ ฅ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 17 3.1 ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์„ ์›์ธ๋ ฅ ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 17 3.1.1 Manpower Update 18 3.1.2 ์„ ์› ๊ณต๊ธ‰ 18 3.1.3 ์„ ์› ์ˆ˜์š” 20 3.1.4 ์„ ์› ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰ ๋น„๊ต 21 3.2 ์„ ์› ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰ ์˜ˆ์ธก 22 3.2.1 ์„ธ๊ณ„ ํ•ด์šด ์‹œํ™ฉ 22 3.2.2 ์„ ์› ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰ ์ „๋ง 23 3.3 ์„ ์› ๊ณต๊ธ‰๊ตญ๊ฐ€ 25 3.4 ์š”์•ฝ 27 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์‹ค์Šต์„  ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ๋ฐ ์Šน์„ ์‹ค์Šต ํ˜•ํƒœ 29 4.1 ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์‹ค์Šต์„  ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 29 4.1.1 ์œ ๋Ÿฝ/์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์ง€์—ญ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 29 4.1.2 ์•„์‹œ์•„ ์ง€์—ญ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 36 4.1.3 ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด ์ง€์—ญ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 42 4.1.4 ์‹ค์Šต์„  ์šด์˜ํ˜•ํƒœ 45 4.2 ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ณ„ ์Šน์„ ์‹ค์Šต ํ˜•ํƒœ 46 4.2.1 ์˜๊ตญ 46 4.2.2 ๋ฏธ๊ตญ 49 4.2.3 ์ผ๋ณธ 53 4.2.4 ์ค‘๊ตญ 56 4.2.5 ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ 58 4.2.6 ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜ 58 4.2.7 ํด๋ž€๋“œ 60 4.2.8 ํ•œ๊ตญ 60 4.3 ์š”์•ฝ 64 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ์Šน์„ ์‹ค์Šต ํ˜•ํƒœ ์ œ์•ˆ ๋ฐ ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 68 5.1 ์Šน์„ ์‹ค์Šต ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ํŠน์ง• 68 5.2 ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•œ ์Šน์„ ์‹ค์Šต ํ˜•ํƒœ ์ œ์•ˆ 70 5.2.1 ์Šน์„ ์‹ค์Šต ์‹œ๊ธฐ 70 5.2.2 ์Šน์„ ์‹ค์Šต ์šด์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 72 5.3 ์Šน์„ ์‹ค์Šต ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ตญ๋‚ดยท์™ธ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 72 5.3.1 ์„ ์› ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰ ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜• 72 5.3.2 ์•„์‹œ์•„ ์ฃผ์š” ์„ ์›๊ณต๊ธ‰ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์Šน์„ ์‹ค์Šต ๋ถ„์„ 73 5.4 ์Šน์„ ์‹ค์Šต ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 77 5.4.1 ์Šน์„ ์‹ค์Šต ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 77 5.4.2 ์Šน์„ ์‹ค์Šต ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 77 5.4.3 ์Šน์„ ์‹ค์Šต ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 79 5.5 ์š”์•ฝ 85 ์ œ 6 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  86 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 9

    [์ด์Šˆ ๋ถ„์„] ์ง์—…๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ์˜ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋ฐ ์ „๋žต

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    โ… . ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๋ชฉ์  โ…ก. ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ์™€ ๋ชฉ์  1. ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ํ˜•ํƒœ 2. ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜ ์‚ฌ์—… ๋‚ด์šฉ 3. ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ โ…ข. ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ˜‘๋ ฅ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์œ„์น˜์™€ ์žฅ์  โ…ฃ. ํ•œ๊ตญ ์ง์—…๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต ์š”์ธ: ๊ฐœ๋„๊ตญ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  1. ์ง์—…๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์  ์ถ”์ง„ 2. ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ์„ ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง์—…๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์ถ”์ง„ 3. ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์  ์ง์—…๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ ์ œ๋„์˜ ๋„์ž…๊ณผ ์ถ”์ง„ 4. ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ๊ด€๋œ ์ •์ฑ… ์ถ”์ง„ 5. ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฌธํ™”์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์กฐํ™”๋œ ์ง์—…๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ ์ •์ฑ… โ…ค. ์ง์—…๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ์˜ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋ฐ ์ „๋žต 1. ๊ฐœ๋„๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์˜ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ์ œ์‹œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๊ฐ€. ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ ยท์ด๋ก ์  ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๋‚˜. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋„๊ตญ์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ์™€ ํ•„์š”์˜ ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 2. ๊ฐœ๋„๊ตญ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜ ํƒœ๋„์™€ ์ž์„ธ 3. ์ง์—…๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋„๊ตญ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ˜‘๋ ฅ ์ฃผ์š” ์˜์—ญ 4. ๊ฐœ๋„๊ตญ ์ง์—…๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ ์ž๋ฌธ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง„๋‹จ ๋ฐ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ํ™œ๋™ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 5. ์ง„๋‹จ ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•œ ์ž๋ฌธ ๊ณ„ํš ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ ์ „๋žต 6. ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ์ž๋ฌธ ํ™œ๋™ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ โ…ฅ. ๋งบ๋Š”

    ๊ตญ์ œํ•™ ๋„์„œ๊ด€ ํƒ๋ฐฉ

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    ๊ตญ์ œํ•™๋„์„œ๊ด€์˜ ์„ค๋ฆฝ ๋ชจ์ฒด์ธ ๊ตญ์ œ๋Œ€ํ•™์›์˜ ๊ธฐ์›์€ 1992๋…„ ์ง€์—ญ์ข…ํ•ฉ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ๋‹ค. ์ง€์—ญ์ข…ํ•ฉ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฐ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ •์น˜, ๊ฒฝ์ œ, ์‚ฌํšŒ, ๋ฌธํ™”, ์—ญ์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค๊ฐ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์ด๊ณ  ํ•™์ˆ ์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ค๋ฆฝ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ๋Š” ํ•ด์™ธ์ง€์—ญ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์™€ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์—…๋ฌด ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฐ„๋˜๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ด€๋ จ ๋„์„œ์™€ ํ•™์ˆ ์ง€, ์˜์ƒ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์˜ ํšŒ์› ๋ฐ ์ง€์—ญ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ด์™ธ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ณด๊ธ‰ ์ฐฝ๊ตฌ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•ด ์™”๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Š” 1996๋…„ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๊ตญ์ œ์ „๋ฌธ์ธ๋ ฅ์–‘์„ฑ ํŠน์„ฑํ™”์‚ฌ์—… ์ง€์›๋Œ€์ƒ ๋Œ€ํ•™์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ •๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  1997๋…„ 2์›” ์ด๋ฅผ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์กฐ์ง์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ง€์—ญ์ข…ํ•ฉ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋Œ€ยท๊ฐœํŽธํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ ๊ตญ์ œ๋Œ€ํ•™์›์ธ ๊ตญ์ œ์ง€์—ญ์›์„ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ตญ์ œ์ง€์—ญ์›์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์ข…ํ•ฉ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ํ•ด์™ธ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘, ๋ฐœ๊ฐ„, ๋ณด๊ธ‰ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์Šน๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค

    ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ต์œกํ•™์ˆ ์ •๋ณด์›KERIS : ๊ต์ˆ˜ํ•™์Šต์ž๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์ŠคKOCW์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด

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    21์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ํ”ํžˆ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๋ง ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”๊ต์œก์ •๋ณดํ™”์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฏธ ๋“ค์–ด์„ ์ง€ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์ •๋ณดํ™”์‹œ๋Œ€์—์„œ ๊ต์œก์ •๋ณดํ™”๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ ‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ๊ต์œก์ •๋ณดํ™” ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ๊ต์œกํ•™์ˆ ์ •๋ณด์›(์ดํ•˜ KERIS) ์†Œ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ต์œก์ •๋ณดํ™” ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ , ์ฃผ์š”์‚ฌ์—… ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ํŠนํžˆ ๊ต์ˆ˜ํ•™์Šต์ž๋ฃŒ ๊ณต๋™ํ™œ์šฉ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์ธ KOCW๋ฅผ ์ค‘์ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค

    The Countermeasures to the Openness of the Social and Vocational Education Market

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ‰์ƒ์ง์—…๊ต์œก์‹œ์žฅ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์ด ํ•„์—ฐ์ ์ž„์„ ์ „์ œํ•˜๊ณ (WTO์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ต์œก์‹œ์žฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ ํ˜‘์ƒ๊ณผ ๋ฌด๊ด€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ตญ์ œํ™”๋ผ๋Š” ๋ช…๋ชฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ„ยท๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ฐ„ ํ˜‘์•ฝ๊ณผ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์ƒ๋‹น ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ต์œก์‹œ์žฅ์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž„), ํ‰์ƒ์ง์—…๊ต์œก์‹œ์žฅ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์˜ ํ•™์Šต๊ถŒ ๋ณด์žฅ๊ณผ ํ‰์ƒ์ง์—…๊ต์œก๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ์œ ์ง€๋ฅผ ์กฐํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๋Œ€์‘๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•จ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.This is to research on the establishment of countermeasures to the openness of lifelong and vocational education market. Since 2001, after the decision of Doha Development Agenda, Multilateral negotiation of service industry had begun. Education is one of service industry. So, Education industry is one of negotiation agendas, and DDA principles are applicable to the education industry. Korean government are striving to tackle the openness of the education market. But most of endeavors focus on the general and formal education. So, there is a need to establish the countermeasures focusing on social and vocational education. The outcomes of this research are as follows, The basic principles of policy on formating countermeasure are to guarantee the learning rights of the individual and to security the publicness of education, The concrete negotiation measures are to the framework plan on the educational internationalization, to the review of regulations of domestic and foreign countries, to survey the current status and actual states of internationalization in the field of social and vocational education extensively, to make and impact analysis on the openness of educational market, to guarantee the participation of stakeholder, to consider and review the agreements, conventions, recommendations and current status of international organizations periodically, to strengthen the bi-lateral cooperation in the field of education, to use the FTA properly, to redirect and re-engineer the international cooperation activities strategically, and so on. And then, the direction of negotiation, which are about vocational high school, junior college, cyber university, lifelong education center in university, and vocational training institute, is proposed. Finally, the necessity of establishment of the consolidation of governmental regulation and supporting mechanism is also proposed for the reinforcement of educational competitiveness and educational marketing power internationally. For these, lots of ideas are proposed. Such are to set up the legal ground on educational internationalization, to establish the education quality assurance system, the reorganize the national qualification system, to set-up the plan to prevent the consumer damages, and so on.โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 ๊ฐ€. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 ๋‚˜. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  5 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋‚ด์šฉ 5 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 6 ๊ฐ€. ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ๋ฌธํ—Œ๋ถ„์„ 6 ๋‚˜. ๋ฒ•๋ น ๋ถ„์„ 6 ๋‹ค. ๋ฉด๋‹ด ์กฐ์‚ฌ 6 ๋ผ. ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ํ˜‘์˜ํšŒ 7 ๋งˆ. ํ•ด์™ธ ์ถœ์žฅ ์กฐ์‚ฌ 7 ๋ฐ”. ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ 7 4. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ œ์•ฝ์  8 โ…ก. WTO์™€ ๊ต์œก์‹œ์žฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ 9 1. ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”์˜ ํ๋ฆ„๊ณผ WTO 9 ๊ฐ€. ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”์™€ WTO์˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅ 9 ๋‚˜. ์ง€์—ญํ™” ํ๋ฆ„์˜ ๋ณ‘ํ–‰ 10 ๋‹ค. ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ 14 2. WTO์™€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์‹œ์žฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด 15 ๊ฐ€. GATT์ฒด์ œ์™€ URํ˜‘์ • 15 ๋‚˜. WTO ์ฒด์ œ ๊ฐœ์š” 20 ๋‹ค. ๋„ํ•˜๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜์ œ(DDA)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด 30 ๋ผ. DDAํ˜‘์ƒ์˜ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์˜ํ–ฅ 37 3. ๊ต์œก์‹œ์žฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ์˜๋ฏธ 44 ๊ฐ€. ๊ต์œก์‹œ์žฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 44 ๋‚˜. ๊ต์œก์‹œ์žฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ๊ณผ ๊ต์œก๊ตญ์ œํ™”์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 45 ๋‹ค. ๊ต์œก์‹œ์žฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ์ดํ•œ ์ž…์žฅ 46 ๋ผ. ๊ต์œก์‹œ์žฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ 50 ๋งˆ. ๊ต์œก์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ๊ฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹๋ณ„ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ 52 ๋ฐ”. ๊ต์œก์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ •์ฑ…๋ฌธ์ œ 54 4. ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  55 โ…ข. ํ‰์ƒ์ง์—…๊ต์œก์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ ๋ฒ”์œ„์™€ ์™ธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์š”๊ตฌ ๋ถ„์„ 57 1. ํ‰์ƒ์ง์—…๊ต์œก์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 57 ๊ฐ€. ๊ต์œก์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ 57 ๋‚˜. ํ‰์ƒ์ง์—…๊ต์œก์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 58 ๋‹ค. ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 67 2. ํ‰์ƒ์ง์—…๊ต์œก์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 68 ๊ฐ€. UR๊ณผ ๊ต์œก์‹œ์žฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ 69 ๋‚˜. ํ‰์ƒ์ง์—…๊ต์œก์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 69 3. ์™ธ๊ตญ์˜ ์–‘ํ—ˆ์š”์ฒญ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ 85 ๊ฐ€. ์™ธ๊ตญ์˜ ์–‘ํ—ˆ ์š”์ฒญ ๋‚ด์šฉ 85 ๋‚˜. ๋ถ„์„ 87 4. ์™ธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ต์œก์„œ๋น„์Šค ์‹œ์žฅ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 92 5. ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  95 โ…ฃ. ํ‰์ƒ์ง์—…๊ต์œก์‹œ์žฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ๋Œ€์‘๋…ธ๋ ฅ ์‹คํƒœ 101 1. ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๋Œ€์‘ ์›€์ง์ž„ 101 ๊ฐ€. Mode๋ณ„ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๋Œ€์‘ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ 101 ๋‚˜. ๊ตญ์ œ๊ต๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์  ์ธก๋ฉด ๊ฐ์†Œ ๋Œ€์ฑ… 108 ๋‹ค. ๊ต์œก์ธ์ ์ž์›๋ถ€์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ„ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ํ™œ๋™ 110 2. ํ‰์ƒ์ง์—…๊ต์œก๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์‹œ์žฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹ 110 ๊ฐ€. ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ ํ™œ๋™ 111 ๋‚˜. ์‹œ์žฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹ 122 3. ์™ธ๊ตญ ๋™ํ–ฅ 132 ๊ฐ€. ์ฃผ์š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„ 132 ๋‚˜. ๊ตญ์ œ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„ 136 4. ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  138 โ…ค. ํ‰์ƒ์ง์—…๊ต์œก์‹œ์žฅ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋Œ€์‘๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 141 1. ์ •์ฑ…์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 141 ๊ฐ€. ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ํ•™์Šต๊ถŒ ๋ณด์žฅ 142 ๋‚˜. ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ณต๊ณต์„ฑ ๋ณด์žฅ 143 ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋“์‹ค(ๅพ—ๅคฑ)์˜ ๋น„๊ตํ˜•๋Ÿ‰ 144 ๋ผ. ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ตญ์ œํ™”์™€ ์‹œ์žฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๋ ค 145 2. ํ˜‘์ƒ๋Œ€์ฑ… 146 ๊ฐ€. ๊ต์œก๊ตญ์ œํ™” ์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ 147 ๋‚˜. WTO์ฒด์ œ ๋‚ด์—์„œ์˜ ํ˜‘์ƒ๋Œ€์‘๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 148 ๋‹ค. ํ‰์ƒ์ง์—…๊ต์œก๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ„ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ ๊ฐ•ํ™” 149 ๋ผ. ํ˜‘์ƒ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ด€๋ จ๋ถ€์ฒ˜์™€์˜ ์œ ๊ธฐ์  ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ฒด์ œ ๊ตฌ์ถ• 152 ๋งˆ. ๊ต์œก์ธ์ ์ž์›๋ถ€ ์ฃผ๋„์˜ ์ž์—ฐ์ธ์˜ ์ด๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ 153 ๋ฐ”. ๊ต์œก๊ธฐ๊ด€(์‹œ์„ค) ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ํ˜‘์ƒ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 155 ์‚ฌ. ํ˜‘์ƒ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๊ธฐํƒ€์‚ฌํ•ญ 157 3. ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€๊ทœ์ œ ์ •๋น„์™€ ์ง€์›์ฒด์ œ ๊ตฌ์ถ• 158 ๊ฐ€. ์ •๋ถ€๊ทœ์ œ ์ •๋น„ 159 ๋‚˜. ์ง€์›์ฒด์ œ ๊ตฌ์ถ• 167 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 169 Abstract 177 ๋ถ€๋ก 17
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