Toxicity and Bioaccumulation of Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) in Tigriopus japonicus

六溴环十二烷（Hexabromocyclododecane，HBCD，C12H18Br6）作为全球用量最多的三大溴代阻燃剂之一（另外两种是多溴联苯醚Polybrominateddiphenylethers，PBDEs和四溴双酚ATetrabromobisphenonalA，TBBPA），被广泛应用于纺织材料、电子产品和建筑绝热材料中，具有阻燃效果好、成本低等特点。由于HBCD本身的持久性有机污染物特性及其使用量的不断增加，由它产生的环境问题也逐渐引起科研工作者的关注。2013年5月，HBCD被正式列入《斯德哥尔摩公约》受控名单中。 工业上生产的HBCD（tHBCD）有多种立体异构体，其中主要...Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD, C12H18Br6 ) is the third most widely used brominated flame retardant in the world (the others are polybrominated diphenyl ethers, PBDE and tetrabromobisphenol A, TBBPA). It is heavily used on textile materials, electrical products and building insulation materials, due to the good flame retardant effect and low cost. As HBCD is persistent in the environment and bioac...学位：理学硕士院系专业：环境与生态学院_环境科学学号：3312012115165

Chronic Toxicity of the Organophosphate Flame Retardant Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) in Marine Medaka

有机磷系阻燃剂（organophosphorusflameretardants，OPFRs）被广泛应用到各种家具材料和各种工业产品中，如电子产品、塑料、纺织品、家具和建筑材料。在许多国家和地区，溴代阻燃剂（brominatedflameretardants，BFRs）因其环境毒性被限制或禁止使用。近年来，OPFRs作为BFRs最重要的替代物，其使用量和环境检出频率都急剧升高。三（1，3-二氯异丙基）磷酸酯（Tris(1，3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate，TDCPP）是一种被大量使用的OPFRs，容易释放到环境中。在全球各种环境中和生物体内，如：室内外空气、表层水（包含...Organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) have been widely used in various household and industrial products, such as electronic equipments, plastic products, textiles, furniture and building materials. Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) have been associated to environmental toxicity and have been limited and baned in many areas and countries. As the most important replacement of BFRs, the usage a...学位：理学硕士院系专业：环境与生态学院_环境科学学号：3312014115169

Study on Embryotoxicity and Bioaccumulation of the Combined Exposure of Typical Antibiotics in Oryzias Melastigma Embryos

抗生素以其优良的抗菌作用，被人类广泛地使用，致使其以各种途径，大量地进入到自然环境中，尤其是水环境中。其中，磺胺类和氟喹诺酮类药物因其广谱的抗菌性而被大量使用，因此成为水环境中检出率最高、检出浓度最大的两类抗生素。目前，环境中抗生素的研究主要集中于痕量检测，对于水生生物毒性研究多针对于大型溞、浮萍、月芽藻等低等水生生物，而对低剂量、长期暴露下抗生素对鱼类的生理毒性效应，及其在生物体内的富集研究相对较少，其在水环境中潜在的生态毒理效应尚未有明确的评价，有必要对相关的生态毒理数据进行完善，同时，研究手段上偏重生物学方法，与化学相结合来研究毒性作用机制非常欠缺。 本研究从磺胺类和氟喹诺酮两大类抗生...Antibiotics have been widely used by people with its excellent antibacterial effect, which result in a large number of antibiotics into the environment through a variety of ways, especially water environment. The sulfonamides and fluoroquinolones were widely used, and this has caused that they became one of the highest detection rate and quantity antibiotics. Currently, most reseach focus on trace...学位：理学硕士院系专业：海洋与地球学院_海洋化学学号：2232012115130

Study on Oxidativestress and Bioaccumulation of Three Typical Brominated Flame Retardants in Oryzias melastigma Embryos

多溴联苯醚(Polybrominateddiphenylethers,PBDE)、四溴双酚A(TetrabromobisphenolA,TBBPA)和六溴环十二烷(Hexabromocyclododecane,HBCD)是目前世界上广泛使用的三大溴代阻燃剂(brominatedflameretardants,BFRs)。由于它们的亲脂性、环境稳定性、在生物体中的富集放大作用以及对水生生态系统和人体健康产生一定的毒性效应而受到各界的广泛关注和重视。本研究选取BDE-47、TBBPA和HBCD三种典型溴代阻燃剂，研究其对海洋模式鱼类-海水青鳉(Oryziasmelastigma)胚胎的毒性效应和可...Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) are the most widely used brominated flame retardants (BFRs). As the additive or the reactive flame retardants, they are likely to release into the environment due to the rapid growth in their production and usage. They are concerned greatly due to their lipophilic, environmental stability and bio...学位：理学硕士院系专业：环境与生态学院_环境科学学号：2262010115141

Study on toxic effect of alkyl phenanthrenes and the influence of humic acid on the bioavailability of them

烷基取代多环芳烃（AlkylPolycyclicAromaticHydrocarbons，AlkylPAHs）作为环境中PAHs的重要组成部分，因其毒性效应强、种类繁多，且与母环PAHs（ParentPolycyclicAromaticHydrocarbons，ParentPAHs）致毒机理差异显著已逐步成为研究热点。然而，多数毒理学研究忽略了实际环境因素对烷基取代PAHs生物有效性的影响。本研究首先从形态学指标（心脏拉长、心率、孵化率和孵化时间）、生化指标（SOD、CAT活力及MDA水平）两个层面探讨了母环PAHs与烷基取代PAHs毒性效应差异。其次，为深入了解环境因素对烷基取代PAHs环境...Alkyl polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Alkyl PAHs), an important component of PAHs in the environment, has gradually became the research focus for its variety, high toxicity and unique toxic mechanism. However, most toxicology studies ignored the effects of realistic environmental factors on the bioavailability of Alkyl PAHs. The study first discussed the toxicity differences of parent PAHs and a...学位：理学硕士院系专业：环境与生态学院_环境科学学号：3332013115172

Determination and Food Safety Risk Assessment of Avermectin Residues in Grouper

建立高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时定量检测石斑鱼血浆、肌肉组织、肝脏组织中阿维菌素、伊维菌素、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐方法。样品经乙腈提取,碱性氧化铝; 固相萃取柱和LC-C_(18)固相萃取柱串联净化, Thermo Hypersil Gold C_(18)色谱柱分离,10; mmol/L乙酸铵-0.1%甲酸溶液和乙腈梯度洗脱,电喷雾正离子模式下以多反应监测方式检测,基质匹配法外标定量。分别以环境水体中阿维菌素上下限质; 量浓度(4、8 ng/mL)、伊维菌素上下限质量浓度(6、12; ng/mL)作为受试质量浓度开展生物富集、消除实验,并对石斑鱼的食用安全进行了风险评估。结果表明,阿维菌素和伊维菌素在2.5~200; ng/mL范围内,甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐在0.25~20 ng/mL范围内,线性回归系数均大于0.99。方法检出限分别为2.5、2.5、0.25; ng/mL(血浆),1、1、0.1 mug/kg(肌肉组织), 2.5、2.5、0.25; mug/kg(肝脏组织),方法定量限分别为5、5、0.5 ng/mL(血浆),2、2、0.2 mug/kg(肌肉组织), 5、5、0.5; mug/kg(肝脏组织)。3个添加量的平均回收率为74.6%~93.6%,日内相对标准偏差为2.3%~10.9%,日间相对标准偏差为9.2%~1; 2.6%。阿维菌素、伊维菌素均属于非生物累积性物质,在石斑鱼体内代谢规律相同,均按一级动力学过程从体内消除。本研究条件下,环境水体中药物质量浓度; 是石斑鱼肌肉组织中药物残留质量浓度及消除时间的重要因素。为保证食用安全,环境水体中阿维菌素质量浓度达到4~8 ng/mL时,石斑鱼浸浴72; h后安全食用时间为22 d;环境水体中伊维菌素质量浓度达到6~12 ng/mL时,石斑鱼浸浴72 h后安全食用时间为39 d。A multi-residue method based on high performance liquid; chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLCMS/ MS) was developed for; the quantitative determination of abamectin, ivermectin and emamectin; benzoate in grouper plasma, muscle and liver. The target analytes were; extracted wtih acetonitrile and then cleaned up with an alkaline alumina; column/LC-C_(18) SPE column. The analytes were separated on a Thermo; Hypersil Gold C_(18) column by gradient elution with 0.1% formic acid-10; mmol/L ammonium acetate as mobile phase A and acetonitrile as mobile; phase B, and detected by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) with; electrospray ionization (ESI) under positive ion mode. The target; compounds were quantified by the matrix-matched external standard; method. Both pesticides could move into water through various; environmental routes. Therefore, the bioaccumulation and elimination of; avermectin and ivermectin in groupers were studied by bath; administration at the upper and lower concentration limits (4 and 8; ng/mL for avermectin, and 6 and 12 ng/mL for ivermectin) in; environmental water. Meanwhile, the food safety risk of the pesticide; residues in fish was assessed. The results showed that the calibration; curves were linear R(2 > 0.99) in the concentration range of 2.5-200; ng/mL for abamectin and ivermectin and 0.25-20 ng/mL for emamectin; benzoate. The limits of detection (LOD) for abamectin, ivermectin and; emamectin benzoate were 2.5, 2.5 and 0.25 ng/mL in plasma, 1, 1 and 0.1; mug/kg in muscle, 2.5, 2.5 and 0.25 mug/kg in liver, respectively. The; limits of quantification (LOQ) were 5, 5 and 0.5 ng/mL in plasma, 2, 2; and 0.2 mug/kg in muscle, 5, 5 and 0.5 mug/kg in liver, respectively.; The average recoveries at three spiked levels ranged from 74.6% to; 93.6%. Intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) were; 2.3%-10.9% and 9.2%-12.6%, respectively. Abamectin and ivermectin were; no-bioaccumulative substances and their elimination processes in grouper; conformed to a first order kinetics equation . Under the conditions of; this study, drug concentration was anm i portant factor affecting the; residual drug concentration and elimination time in grouper muscle; tissues. Gouper was safe fo rconsumption 22 and 39 days after 72 h bath; administration for 4-8 ng/mL abamectin and 6-12 ng/mL ivermectin,; respectively.福建省海洋经济创新发展区域示范项目(闽台重要海洋生物资源高值化开发技术公共服务平台);; 厦门南方海洋研究中心项目(福建重要海洋经济生物种质库与资源高效开发技术公共服务平台); 福建省海洋与渔业科技项目; 福建省海洋高新产业发展专项;; 国家海洋局海洋公益性行业科研专

Toxicity and Bioaccumulation of Sulfamethazine in Oryzias Melastigma

抗生素作为良好的抗菌剂及生长促进剂而被广泛应用于水产及畜牧养殖业中，由于相应监管及处理措施的缺乏，使得施用动物体内的抗生素大部分以原药和代谢产物的形式进入淡水及海洋环境中，威胁水生生物及海洋生物的生长发育，并造成生化生理毒性。而水生环境中，尤以磺胺类抗生素在环境中的检出频率较高，因此，本研究选取典型磺胺类抗生素磺胺二甲基嘧啶（Sulfamethazine，SM2）及其乙酰化代谢产物（AcetylatedSulfamethazine，N-SM2）为目标化合物，以海水青鳉（Marinemedaka，Oryziasmelastigma）为受试生物，通过长短期的暴露实验，比较研究海水青鳉对SM2的吸收...The antibiotics are commonly used in aquaculture and livestock farming for its broad-spectrum antibacterial properties and growth promoter, but the antibiotics are excreted to the aquatic and marine environment in parent and metabolite via animal manure without effective supervision, which will threaten the growth and development of aquatic organisms and marine life, and cause bioc...学位：理学硕士院系专业：环境与生态学院_环境科学学号：3312014115170

Distribution and Risk Assessment of Perfluorinated Compounds in Jiulong River Watershed-Estuary System

九龙江是闽南和闽西地区重要的饮用水源和工农业用水水源，但近年来九龙江污染日趋严重，河流生态系统承受着巨大的压力，其中持久性有机污染物(POPs)因其难降解性、生物富集性和高致毒性备受人们关注。全氟化合物(PFCs)是一类碳链上氢原子全部被氟原子取代的有机化合物，由于其良好的疏水、疏油特性，已被广泛应用于多种工业和民用产品中，与人类生产生活密切相关。由于PFCs稳定性极强，目前已在包括水、土壤、大气等环境介质及生物体中大量检出。毒理学研究表明，部分PFCs具有致癌性、肝毒性、神经毒性、生殖毒性、免疫毒性等，因此，近年来PFCs引起了世界各国的广泛关注。目前国内有关PFCs的研究主要集中于水、土壤...Jiulong River is the main water source of drinking water for urban citizens and water use for industry and agriculture in southwestern Fujian. In recent years, the water pollution is serious increasingly, which has made the river ecosystem under a tremendous amount of stress. Among these pollutants, POPs (persistent organic pollutants) have attracted much attention because of their resistance to d...学位：理学硕士院系专业：环境与生态学院_环境科学学号：3332013115171

极大螺旋藻生物富钙作用的研究

为开发一种新型功能食品——富钙螺旋藻,分别以透析和直接添加两种方式向螺旋藻培养液中加入CaCO3、CaSO4以及贝壳等钙盐,研究极大螺旋藻对钙的生物富集作用及在相应条件下的生长状况。结果表明:两种培养方式下,极大螺旋藻的生长情况尚好,但或多或少受到一定程度的抑制,尤其是直接加入CaCO3和CaSO4的螺旋藻。螺旋藻对钙的富集作用并不随培养液中游离钙离子浓度的增加而增加。添加的几种钙盐中,直接加入CaCO3和CaSO4的螺旋藻钙含量高,分别是对照的14倍和23倍,其次是加入贝壳,其钙含量是对照的8～10倍,而采用透析方法加入CaCO3和CaSO4的螺旋藻,其钙含量与对照相差无几,甚至比对照还低。因此,直接加入粉末状含钙化合物,能提高螺旋藻对钙的亲和力,强化其对钙的富集作用

Effect of marine phytoplankton on metal sorption, bioaccumulation, and species distribution in the euphotic layer of the coastal seawater

研究海洋浮游植物、微量金属及其耦合作用引发光化学过程的机制；建立海水中微量金属锑的价态检测新技术；探讨近海浮游植物在氮磷富营养化状况下对金属吸附、吸收、生物富集和形态分布的影响；探究近海真光层中营养盐、浮游植物、重金属多元体系中光致羟自由基的形成，即光诱导微量金属价态转化的可能机制。取得了以下主要成果： 1.建立锑价态分析、有效避免Sb(III)氧化的新方法 锑的形态分析是痕量元素形态分析的热点和难点，因为锑被美国环境保护规划署、欧共体和德国列为污染控制优先污染物和环境激素类重金属，Sb(III)极易被氧化；锑在环境、生物和地球化学样品中主要以Sb(III)和Sb(V)存在；Sb(III)...1. A novel method for prevention of the oxidation of Sb(Ⅲ) during sample pretreatment, preconcentration of Sb(Ⅲ) and Sb(V) with nanometer size titanium dioxide (rutile) and speciation analysis of antimony, has been developed. Antimony(III) could be selectively determined by flow injection-hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry, coexisting with Sb(V). Trace Sb(Ⅲ) and Sb(V) were all adsor...学位：博士后院系专业：海洋与环境学院海洋学系_海洋科学学号：BH1700021