Paleoenvironment and East Asian summer monsoon rainfall evolution in southern Taiwan during last deglaciation and early Holocene

末次冰消期一直以来是古气候研究的热点，这一时期地球气候系统发生了一系列剧烈的快速气候变化事件（H1冰阶-H1，Bølling-Allerød暖期-BA和新仙女木事件-YD），研究这些气候事件有助于我们认识全球气候系统的演变及其驱动机制。东亚季风是全球气候系统的重要一环，在全球和区域水汽循环中都扮演着重要作用。东亚季风的盛衰影响着东亚地区降水分布与生态环境演化，进而影响着季风区社会经济发展和文明演替。因此研究东亚季风的演化还具有重大的现实意义。 台湾位于东亚季风的前缘区，属于典型的季风气候，年均降水量约2000毫米，其中90%的降水主要集中5-9月份。此外，该地区常常遭遇台...The climate variability during the last deglaciation is one of the most intriguing areas of paleoclimate research due to a serial abrupt climatic oscillation (Heinrich stadial 1-H1, Bølling-Allerød-BA, and Younger Dryas event-YD). A better understanding of these events may advance our understanding of global climate system and its forcing. The East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) is an impor...学位：理学博士院系专业：海洋与地球学院_海洋化学学号：2232013015376

Spatial-temporal Distribution and Ecological Risk Assessment of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds in Urban Estuarine Sediments

四季铵盐化合物（QACs）是一类主要的阳离子表面活性剂，广泛使用于衣物柔顺剂、消毒剂、个人护理品等产品中。QACs易吸附于沉积物上且不易降解，欧美国家于上世纪八十年代已经禁止部分难降解QACs的使用，而亚洲国家仍在大量使用QACs作为商业产品的主要有效成分。在城市化河口环境中关于QACs的分布特征和环境行为的研究还很少。本研究进一步优化了QACs在沉积物的痕量分析方法，选取珠江口这一典型城市化河口区域，研究其表层沉积物中QACs的分布特征和环境行为，并对比分析珠江口沉积物中其他污染物（207种）的浓度和储量；通过解析珠江口和东京湾沉积柱中QACs的沉积记录，反演其在不同区域的污染输入历史；最后...Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are one of the major classes of cationic surfactants used as the ingredients in fabric softeners, disinfectants, personal care products and so on. QACs tend to adsorb strongly on sludge and sediment due to their physicochemical properties, therefore QACs tend to be persistent in the nature environment. European countries carried out a voluntary phase-out of Dia...学位：理学硕士院系专业：环境与生态学院_环境科学学号：3332013115173

Environmental Geochemistry Characteristics of Phthalate Esters in the Jiulong River and its Estuary, Fujian, China

邻苯二甲酸酯（Phthalateesters，PAEs）是一种普遍存在的全球性污染物，具有内分泌干扰效应和“致畸、致癌、致突变”作用。PAEs难溶于水，进入水环境后易吸附于颗粒物而进入沉积相，或被水生生物吸收而蓄积于生物体内。河流及河口作为连接陆地与海洋之间的过渡带，是陆源污染物质输送至海洋的最重要通道，研究PAEs在陆地河流及入海河口的污染状况、迁移过程、输送通量以及污染历史，是环境地球化学的重要内容，可为河流、河口及海洋生态环境PAEs的污染控制提供重要的理论依据。 论文选择九龙江及其河口为研究区域，以PAEs为研究对象，系统研究2014年4月-2015年1月期间，该区域PAEs在丰水期...Phthalate esters (PAEs) are one group of pollutants most widely used worldwide, which have endocrine disruptors, teratogenic, carcinogenic and mutagenic effects. Due to their hydrophobic properties, PAEs in the aquatic environment are apt to absorb to particles and accumulate into sediment, and also easily absorbed by aquatic organisms and accumulated into their body. River and estuary, as the tra...学位：理学博士院系专业：环境与生态学院_环境科学学号：3312012015355

The distribution and palaeoenvironment meaning of carbon, sulfur, and biogenic silica in the sediments of the western arctic ocean

北极环境变化与系统内生物地球化学过程有密切联系，生源要素的变化趋势在一定程度上记录了环境的变化。这种驱动与响应之间的信息被保留到沉积物中，以各种地球化学参数的沉积记录表现出来。 本研究是利用中国首次、第二次北极科学考察所采集的西北冰洋楚科奇海及邻近海域39个表层沉积物样品、12个短岩芯和2个长岩芯沉积物样品为分析对象，测定了其中的总碳、总硫、有机碳、无机碳和生源硅等生源要素，通过参考前人研究成果，如沉积物颜色、粒径等特征，并结合西北冰洋海域的物质来源、环境状况及其演变趋势的分析，探索影响各参数的生源要素分布与变化特征，通过沉积物岩芯的研究，对西北冰洋海域不同时间尺度的古海洋环境变化情况进行初...Environmental changes in the Arctic Ocean are related to biogeochemical process, the behavior of biological elements are affected by the earth’s environment to a certain extent, and also affect the earth’s environment at the same time. The information, between the drive and response, be transferred to the surface sediments and recorded by variety geochemical parameters. Based on the backgroud of ...学位：理学硕士院系专业：海洋与环境学院_海洋化学学号：2242010115132

1426—1949年腾格里沙漠边缘区旱涝灾害初探

通过对腾格里沙漠边缘区相关气候灾害的史料和文献进行搜集整理与归纳分析,利用统计分组、时间数列、滑动平均、旱涝等级划分等方法对研究区1426—1949年旱涝灾害的时空变化特征和干湿变化特征进行了研究。结果表明:1426—1949年,腾格里沙漠边缘区共发生旱灾149次(平均每3.52年1次)、涝灾98次(平均每5.35年1次);因各县、区的地貌和建置时间不同,旱涝灾害具有明显的时空差异,在时间尺度上,清朝发生旱涝的频率最高,分别为51%、78.6%,在空间尺度上,沙坡头区发生旱涝灾害次数最多,分别为旱灾110次、涝灾78次;腾格里沙漠边缘区在明朝时期相对干旱,清朝、民国时期湿度增加,这与小冰期全球性的降温、西风强盛导致相对湿度增加和西风带位置南移导致降水增多有关。国家科技基础资源调查专项(2017FY101003);;国家自然科学基金项目(41372180

Population characteristics and environmental indications of dinoflagellate cysts from the northern Yellow Sea

甲藻是一种单细胞的海洋真核浮游生物，其中10-20%的甲藻会产生休眠孢囊来度过不良的环境条件，沉积物中保存下来的孢囊可以提供有关生产力、海水温度、盐度、海平面和赤潮等海洋环境信息。黄海为中国大陆与朝鲜半岛之间的半封闭陆架浅海，来自黄河和长江的大量泥沙输入，形成巨厚的沉积层，记录着丰富的古海洋、古气候信息。本文通过对北黄海西部19个表层沉积物和山东半岛东部B07孔54个样品中的甲藻孢囊进行鉴定分析，阐述了孢囊的水平和垂直分布特征；结合粒度、温盐、水深数据分析了表层沉积孢囊与环境之间的关系；建立了柱状样的年代框架，并结合表层分析结果和前人资料探讨了黄海三百多年来的海洋环境变化。本研究的主要认识如下...Dinoflagellates are unicellular, primarily marine eukaryotic plankton and 10-20% of them can produce resting cysts to get through the hard environment in their life cycle. Dinoflagellate cysts records have paleoenvironmental significance on sea-surface productivity, temperature, salinity, sea-level and the potential for recording eutrophication and forecasting future red tides events. The Yellow S...学位：理学硕士院系专业：海洋与地球学院_海洋地质学号：2232014115137

Lacustrine sedimentary response to natural hazards

Lacustrine sediments store a wealth of information and are often used to indicate climate change. Natural disasters such as earthquake, flood, landslide or collapse usually form characteristic disturbances in lacustrine sediments, which can be analyzed and identified using lake geology methods. This paper reviews the research progress of lacustrine sediments, systematically summarizes the characteristics of typical natural disasters in lacustrine sediments, and focuses on the identification methods of natural disaster events in lacustrine sediments. Among them, the comprehensive analysis method integrates various analysis methods for sedimentary identification of lake events at the present stage. ① Identify the endogenous and exogenous origin based on the relationship between sedimentary facies and event-induced deposits(EID)；② Recognize the most likely trigger based on the elimination of impossible triggers；③ Verify the correctness of the most likely trigger according to the existing identification criteria. This method integrates the advantages of typical mark analysis and exclusion method, and is the most effective analysis method at present. This paper also discusses the advantages, disadvantages and constraints of the study of lacustrine sediment disaster events. The continuity, sensitivity and high resolution of lacustrine sediments are conducive to the study of disaster events, but the establishment of sedimentary identification markers of typical natural disaster events in lakes is still the key to restricting the study of lake abnormal events in the future

Geochemistry of surface sediments from the continental shelf of the East China Sea and small rivers of SE China: Constraints on chemical weathering and provenance

沉积物元素地球化学特征可为沉积环境演化历史提供重要信息，包括沉积物物源、物源成分特征、物源区岩石风化侵蚀程度、成岩作用、沉积物传输、沉积过程及古气候变化等。本研究于东海大陆架，瓯江、闽江和晋江河口共采集79个表层沉积物样品，分析其常微量元素地球化学特征并探讨物源区性质及化学风化特征。UCC和UC-YC标准化蛛网图表明，CaO、Na2O、Ba和Sr呈现出不同程度的亏损，而Rb元素则轻微富集。硅酸盐风化指数(CIA、PIA和CIW)及三角形图(A-CN-K、(A-K)-C-N和A-CNK-FM)表明东海陆架沉积物物源区经历了低-中等的化学风化作用。与东海相比，瓯江、闽江和晋江河口沉积物的风化指数波...Major and trace elemental geochemistry of sediments can provide information central to interpreting the sedimentary history, including chemical weathering conditions, the nature and composition of provenance, sediment transport processes, diagenetic changes and paleoclimate. In this study, seventy-nine surface sediments collected from the continental shelf of the East China Sea (ECS) and the estua...学位：理学硕士院系专业：海洋与地球学院_海洋化学学号：2232012115130

DECADAL CHANGE IN DIATOM AND OTHER SILICEOUS ALGAE PRODUCTION AND CARBON CONTENTS IN EAST CHINA SEA AND SOUTH CHINA SEA, CHINA

近几十年来，气候变化始终是科学界的一个主要议题。科学家一直在尝试解释气候变化这一现象，阐明其对生态稳定性以及直接和间接地对人类活动造成的影响。然而，由于生态系统的复杂性和不稳定的物种响应方式，要准确阐明生态系统对气候变化的响应并不容易。硅藻是一种真核浮游藻类，由于其细胞壁能在沉积物中保存以及其对环境变化的即时反应，常被作为环境变化的指示物种。硅藻的丰度和种类组成与水体中营养盐以及光照的热物动力学变化具有内在联系。因此，在过去的几十年中，硅藻被用于以往气候变化的分析以及未来气候的预测。本文主要研究了近年来的气候变化和人类活动对北太平洋西部两大边缘海域所造成的影响。分别从中国南海的雷州半岛（N20...It has been decades that climate change becomes a major issue in scientific communities. Scientists have been trying to elucidate the climate change and its impact on the ecological stability and its direct and indirect influence on human lively hood, however, due to its complexity and erratic way of species responses, it has not been easy to show the reaction of ecosystems. Diatoms are eukaryotic...学位：理学博士院系专业：生命科学学院_生物学学号：2162011015418