人間進化と二つの教育：人間進化の過程において教育はどの ような役割を果たしたか

This paper examines the theory of natural pedagogy theory especially by focusing on its explanation of overimitation

UVA Assisted 4-Thiothymidine for Cancer Treatment

This article reviews the developments of 4-thiothymidine analogues, assisted with UVA light, as a novel cancer therapy. First, the key points on synthetic chemistry, photochemistry and cellular toxicity of 4-thiothymidine are summarized. As the chemical structure of 4-thiothymidine is very similar to that of its parent thymidine, thus 4-thiothymidine can be readily incorporated into cellular DNA, and with the help of thymidine kinase, much more preferably into cancerous DNA. Unlike thymidine, 4-thiothymdine can absorb strongly in UVA (longer wavelengths of UV) light. Thus UVA-assisted 4-thiothymidine offers an effective cancer treatment. Some underlying mechanisms of action by 4-thiothymidine/UVA and compares this cancer approach with the commonly used photodynamic therapy are discussed. The various interactions between 4-thiothymidine with human serum albumin are introduced. Finally, a short conclusion on the past efforts and a brief prospect for future work in this exciting research field are given

口語英語における連結詞脱落に課せられた制約

口語英語において、文中に生起する定形の連結詞は脱落する傾向にある。この現象は、通常、簡潔さを求める情報伝達上の要請に起因すると考えられている。本論文は、コミュニケーション上の簡潔性が損なわれるような効果を持つ、連結詞脱落に課せられた形式的な制約が存在していることを示す。より具体的に述べると、本論文の主な目的は、文中に生起する定形の連結詞の分布が、口語英語において、少なくとも２種類の制約（すなわち、主語に関する制約と述部に関する制約）により規制されていることを論証することである。さらに、これらの制約をより一般的な原理から導出する可能性が論じられる。In spoken English, finite copulas at a sentence-medial position tend to be dropped. This phenomenon is usually considered to be due to communicative pressure for brevity. This article shows that there are formal constraints on the copula drop to the effect that communicative succinctness is undermined. More concretely, the main purpose of this article is to argue that the distribution of sentence-medial finite copulas in spoken English is regulated by at least two types of syntactic constraint, one being concerned with the subject and the other concerned with the predicate. Further possibilities are discussed to derive these constraints from more general principles.東京海洋大学学術研究院海事システム工学部門Department of Maritime Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology (TUMSAT

文化進化を研究するとはどういうことか

This paper reviews current situations of cultural evolutionary studies