Determination of the minimum integral entropy, water sorption and glass transition temperature to establishing critical storage conditions of beetroot juice microcapsules by spray drying

The aim of this work was to microencapsulate beetroot juice (BJ) (Beta vulgaris L.) by spray-drying using as protective colloid gum Arabic. The adsorption isotherms of the microcapsules and the minimum integral entropy (∆S int)T were determined at 25, 35 and 40 ◦C. The glass transition temperature (Tg) was measured by differential scanning calorimetry and modeled by GordonTaylor equation. The water contents-water activity (M-aW ) sets obtained from (∆S int)T , and critical water content (CWC) and critical water activity (CWA) from the Tg were similar, being in the range of water content of 5.11-7.5 kg H2O/100 kg d.s. and in the water activity range of 0.532-0.590. These critical storage conditions were considered as the best conditions for increase the stability of the microcapsules, where the percentage of retention Betanin in the microcapsules was higher compared with other storage conditions in the temperature and aw range studied. Keywords: beetroot juice, microcapsules, minimum integral entropy, glass transition temperature, critical water content, critical water activity

Formulation and statistical evaluation of a ready-to-drink whey based orange beverage and its storage stability

A value-added functional beverage is formulated utilizing unprocessed liquid whey. Whey has excellent nutritional qualities and bland flavors; it is easy to digest and has a unique functionality in a beverage system. The ready-to-drink beverage is formulated with concentrated whey, orange juice along with an adequate amount of sugar, stabilizer, citric acid and flavor. Orange juice is used since the acidic flavor of whey is compatible With citrus flavors and particularly orange. The health and nutrition benefits of orange further imparts the value to the formulated beverage. Nine blend formulations are prepared by varying the dry matter of whey, fruit juice and sugar content Based on a statistical analysis of the sensory evaluation of the drinks, the optimal formulation is found to have a ratio 3:2 for concentrated liquid whey and orange juice followed by an addition of 8% sugar (w/v) and 0.1% stabilizer (w/v). The shelf-life of the final product is carried out both at room temperature (30+/-2 degrees C) and refrigeration temperature (7+/-1 degrees C) with and without addition of preservatives. The product remains in good condition up to eleven days at room temperature and up to three months under refrigeration condition with addition of 150 ppm of sodium benzoate

On the concept of ‘definitive text’ in Somali poetry

The concept of text is one central to the study of literature, both oral and written. During the course of the Literature and Peformance workshops organized by the AHRB (Arts and Humanities Research Board) Centre for Asian and African Literatures, the word "text" has been used widely and in relation to various traditions from around the world. Here I shall consider the concept of text and specifically what I refer to as "definitive text" in Somali poetry. I contend that the definitive text is central to the conception of maanso poetry in Somali and is manifest in a number of ways. I look at aspects of poetry that are recognized by Somalis and present these as evidence of "the quality of coherence or connectivity that characterizes text" (Hanks 1989:96). The concept of text understood here is, therefore, that of an "individuated product" (ibid.:97). Qualitative criteria both extra- and intratextual will be presented to support this conception.Issue title: Performance Literature II

Synchronous fluorescence and multivariate classification analysis as a screening tool for determining Sudan I dye in culinary spices

Spices are a globally traded commodity which has been found to be adulterated with forbidden Sudan dyes. This work proposes a screening method for determining the adulteration of paprika varieties (mild, hot and smoked) with Sudan I dye, based on constant-wavelength synchronousfluorescence spectros-copy with multivariate classification. Different wavelength-intervals (Dl) were evaluated. Classification models were built with Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) at two Sudan I dye con-centration levels (1 and 5 mg/L) and they were tested with samples at a lower level (0.5 mg/L). Classification results were quite satisfactory when a strategy based onfirst-derivative spectra was used for improving classification results. nm was chosen as the optimum wavelength interval giving a 100% of sensitivity and specificity. These results are promising because the risk of assigning adulterated samples as safe to be consumed is highly minimized. The proposed method is feasible, rapid and simple taking advantage of Sudan Ifluorescence phenomena in a direct way.Fil: Di Anibal, Carolina Vanesa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Química del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Química. Instituto de Química del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Rodríguez, María Sol. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Química del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Química. Instituto de Química del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Albertengo, Liliana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Química del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Química. Instituto de Química del Sur; Argentin

Rootstock effect on yield, initial fruit quality, and lycopene content of ‘Tasti Lee’ tomatoes

Tomatoes are a high-value crop commonly grown in high tunnel systems in the central United States. Grafting is an important tool for mitigation of soil borne disease pressure and abiotic stresses in tomato production and is used world-wide in protected growing systems such as high tunnels. ‘Tasti Lee’ is a high-quality tomato cultivar that is grown in the southeastern U.S. and has been bred for superior fresh-eating quality and enhanced lycopene content. Previous high tunnel trials in Kansas have shown that ‘Tasti-Lee’ significantly increases marketable yields when grafted to the vigorous rootstock ‘Maxifort.’ The objective of this trial was to investigate the yield and potential fruit quality impacts of ‘Tasti-Lee’ when grafting to five different roostocks and grown in a central U.S. high tunnel with little disease pressure. Due to the diverse impacts of grafting on fruit quality found in the literature, it is important to conduct localized rootstock trials and make conclusions on specific rootstock/scion combinations. ‘Tasti Lee’ tomatoes were grafted to ‘Maxifort,’ ‘DRO 141 TX,’ ‘Fortamino,’ ‘Estamino,’and ‘RST-04-106’ rootstocks and grown in a high tunnel system in Kansas in 2019. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design. Total yield, marketable yield, and fruit size were assessed for the whole season on a per plant basis. Red ripe tomato fruit were used for assessing soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), lycopene content, and ascorbic acid content. Although the results were not statistically significant, all rootstocks increased the marketable fruit number and fruit size over the non-grafted control. ‘Maxifort, ‘Fortamino,’ and ‘Estamino’ were the best performing rootstocks. No differences in SSC, TA, lycopene content, or ascorbic acid were found due to grafting. Our results indicate that ‘Tasti-Lee’ could be a successful candidate for high-tunnel grafting systems in the central U.S

PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF SYNTHETIC ANTIOXIDANTS AND ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF BACOPA MONNIERI AGAINST LEAD TOXICITY INDUCED METABOLIC DYSFUNCTIONS IN MICE BRAIN AND LIVER HOMOGENATES: AN IN VITRO APPROACH

Objective: The main objective of the present study was to investigate the ameliorative potential of synthetic antioxidants mixture comprising N-acetyl cysteine, ascorbic acid, tocopheryl acetate, and thiamine as micronutrient combinational therapy and ethanolic extract of Bacopa monnieri as herbal antioxidant therapy approach against lead toxicity-induced metabolic dysfunctions in vitro. Methods: Experimental study involved in vitro exposure of mice brain and liver homogenates to different doses (100 μM, 250 μM, and 500 μM) of lead acetate. The study also involved coadministration of high-dose lead acetate (500 μM) and specific dosage of synthetic antioxidants or ethanolic extract of B. monnieri separately to homogenate cultures. Alterations in metabolic parameters of protein levels and lipid peroxidation were analyzed for evaluating the protective effect of synthetic antioxidants and B. monnieri against lead intoxication. Results: Results revealed dose-dependent statistically significant (p<0.001) reduction in protein levels and elevation in lipid peroxidation in lead acetate exposed mice brain and liver homogenates as compared to their respective control groups. Coadministration of lead acetate and synthetic antioxidants mixture or B. monnieri in the brain and liver homogenates conferred protection and manifested maintenance of studied biochemical parameters nearest to control groups. Ameliorative efficacy of B. monnieri against lead-induced neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity was found to be more pronounced than that of a mixture of synthetic antioxidants. Conclusion: Synthetic antioxidants mixture (N-acetyl cysteine, ascorbic acid, tocopheryl acetate, and thiamine) and B. monnieri exhibited remarkable therapeutic efficacy against lead toxicity-induced metabolic dysfunctions in mice brain and liver homogenates by virtue of their antioxidant, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective abilities