DIE AARD, STUDIEVELD EN FUNKSIE VAN DIE KRYGSGESKIEDENIS

THE NATURE, SCOPE AND FUNCTION OF MILITARY HISTORY As a result of the tremendous impact the military has had on society and vice versa, the scope of military history has become practically as wide as that of history in general. Military history has both an educational and a practical use. It enables the soldier to see warfare in perspective, to relate it to the times of peace and the societies from which it originated, with the way in which societies determine the nature and extent of wars and the way in which societies are influenced by wars. It makes the soldier aware of the continuity of certain factors in warfare, yet also of the ever-changing nature and character of warfare. With a knowledge of what others before him have attempted, of what succeeded and what did not, the soldier can tackle the problems of his time with greater insight and perspective. While the study of military history does not bring immediate solutions to contemporary problems or ensure success on the battlefield, it remains the only alternative for personal experience.</p

Driepootpotverhaalbemarkingsmodel vir Kleindorpse Toerismebestemmings

Abstract in English, Afrikaans and XhosaThe problem investigated in this study is the lack or poor use of local stories by destination managers in the marketing of their destinations. This neglect of the potential use of local stories limits the potential market share, especially of small towns. This study is based on the role of storytelling in the marketing sphere as a whole and specifically in the tourism industry. Key components of storytelling in marketing are identified and analysed along with existing narrative marketing models. In the process of developing and implementing a narrative-based destinations marketing model, the focus is on small towns in South Africa. The study aims to achieve the following: fill the void in the South African literature in destination marketing; document the storytelling process; and develop a workable, strategic destination marketing model, and implement this model. In achieving the secondary objectives, the study succeeded in its primary objective, namely to develop a three-legged pot or story pot (“driepootpot”) marketing model. The narrative destination marketing model was developed through quantitative and qualitative research in area served by the Drakenstein Municipality, located in the Western Cape in South Africa. A combination of phenomenology and grounded theory was used to analyse the data.Ingxaki ephandwayo kwesi sifundo kukunqaba okanye kukusetyenziswa buthathaka kwamabali endawo ngabaphathi beendawo xa beququzelela ukuthengwa kweendawo zabo. Oku kungawasebenzisi amabali endawo kucutha isabelo sengeniso, ngakumbi kwiidolophana ezincinci. Esi sifundo sisekelwe kwindima yokubalisa amabali ekuququzeleleni intengo, ngakumbi kurhwebo lokhenketho. Kuchongwe, kwahlalutywa amanqanaba aphambili okubalisa amabali, kwaqwalaselwa neendlela zokuququzelela intengo ngokubalisa. Kwinkqubo yokuphuhlisa nokusebenzisa indlela yokuququzelela intengo ngokubalisa amabali endawo, kugxininiswe kwiidolophana ezincinci eMzantsi Afrika. Esi sifundo sijonge ukufezekisa ezi njongo zilandelayo: ukuvala isikhewu esikhoyo kuncwadi loMzantsi Afrika malunga nokuququzelela intengo ngokubalisa amabali endawo; ukubhala inkqubo yokubalisa amabali; nokuphuhlisa indlela esebenzayo yokuququzelela intengo ngokubalisa amabali endawo kwanokuyisebenzisa le ndlela iphuhlisiweyo. Ekufezekiseni iinjongo ezayamileyo, isifundo esi siphumelele ekufezekiseni injongo engundoqo, leyo ikukuphuhlisa indlela yokuququzelela intengo eyimbiza emilenze mithathu okanye imbiza yamabali (“driepootpot”). Indlela yokuququzelela intengo ngokubalisa amabali endawo yaphuhliswa ngokuqhuba uphando ngokuzathuza nangokobuninzi bedatha kwisithili esiphantsi koMasipala iDrakenstein, kwiphondo leNtshona Koloni eMzantsi Afrika. Idatha ihlalutywe ngokuxuba iingcingane zobume bamava (iphenomenology) neyentsingiselo yedatha eqokelelweyo (igrounded theory).Die probleem wat in hierdie studie ondersoek word, is die gebrek of swak gebruik van verhale deur plaaslike bestemmingsbestuurders in die bemarking van hul bestemmings. Hierdie verwaarlosing van die potensiële gebruik van plaaslike verhale en stories beperk die potensiële markaandeel van veral klein dorpies. Hierdie studie is gegrond op die rol van vertelkuns (storytelling) in die bemarkingsfeer as geheel en spesifiek in die toerismebedryf. Sleutelkomponente van storievertelling in bemarking word geïdentifiseer en ontleed saam met bestaande narratiewe bemarkingsmodelle. In die proses om ’n verhaal-gebaseerde bemarkingsmodel vir bestemmings te ontwikkel en te implementeer, val die fokus op klein dorpies in Suid-Afrika. Die studie het ten doel om die volgende te bereik: die leemte te vul in die Suid-Afrikaanse literatuur ten opsigte van bestemming bemarking; die verhaalproses te dokumenteer; en ’n werkbare, strategiese bemarkingsmodel vir bestemmings te ontwikkel vir implementering. Deur die sekondêre doelwitte te behaal, het die studie daarin geslaag om sy primêre doel te bereik, naamlik om ’n driepootpot-verhaalbemarkingsmodel te ontwikkel. Die driepootpot-verhaalbemarkingsmodel vir bestemmings is ontwikkel deur middel van kwantitatiewe en kwalitatiewe navorsing in gebied wat deur die Drakenstein Munisipaliteit, geleë in die Wes-Kaap in Suid-Afrika, gedien word. ’n Kombinasie van fenomenologie en gegronde teorie is gebruik om die data te analiseer.Business ManagementD. Phil. (Bestuurstudie

Nie-gewelddadige aksie (NGA) en die ontwikkeling van swart plaaslike regering : 'n histories-kritiese ontleding, 1982 tot 1994

Text in AfrikaansSuid-Afrika het as gevolg van apartheid vir etlike dekades oor 'n gedeeltelik legitieme plaaslike regeringstelsel beskik. Die probleem is dat die land se apartheidsregering afsonderlike stelsels vir blankes en swartes in aparte woongebiede in stand gehou het, welke beleid vir meeste Suid-Afrikaners onaanvaarbaar was. Swart plaaslike owerhede wat swart plaaslike regering moes bedryf, was nog polities nog ekonomies lewensvatbaar. Die rede hiervoor is dat hul enersyds deur die gemeenskap verwerp is en andersyds nie voldoende inkomstebronne gehad het om plaaslike owerheidsdienste finansieel onafhanklik te lewer nie. Stedelike swart gemeenskappe was aan 'n, vir hulle, onaanvaarbare apartheidsgestruktureerde swart plaaslike regeringstelsel onderworpe. Swart plaaslike owerhede was voorts as gevolg van hul ekonomiese nie-lewensvatbaarheid, gekniehalter in die lewering van plaaslike owerheidsdienste asook die daarstelling en instandhouding van kapitale ontwikkelingsprojekte. Stedelike swartes was dus blootgestel aan gebrekkige dienslewering in aparte, onderontwikkelde "slaapdorpe" waar hulle noodgedwonge moes woon. 'n Vraag waarna gevolglik gekyk word, fokus op die kenmerke van 'n ideeeltipiese model van plaaslike regering wat die gedeeltelik legitieme stelsel behoort te vervang. As gevolg van die onaanvaarbaarheid van die swart plaaslike regeringstelsel was swart plaaslike owerhede sedert die vroee tagtigerjare die teikens van aksioniste teen hierdie apartheidsproduk. Aksioniste het nie-gewelddadige aksie (NGA), geskoei op die Gandhiaanse filosofie en metodiek van Satyagraha, aangewend ten einde swart plaaslike owerhede te vernietig. NGA (wat dikwels ook tot gewelddadigheid gelei het), het tot gevolg gehad dat die owerheid later noodgedwonge 'n nuwe plaaslike regeringstelsel vir die totale Suid-Afrikaanse samelewing, met alle deelvennote moes beding. Onderhandelings het vervolgens meegebring dat 'n oorgangsproses na legitieme (demokratiese) plaaslike regering vir alle Suid-Afrikaners ingevolge die Oorgangswet op Plaaslike Regering, 1993 (Wet No. 209 van 1993) geaktiveer is. In hierdie proefskrif is gevolglik vasgestel: (1) welke invloed die politieke bedeling (apartheidsbedeling) op die ontwikkeling van stedelike swart gemeenskappe en die bedryf van swart plaaslike regering gehad het; (2) wat die aard en effek van NGA op die ontwikkeling van swart plaaslike regering was; en (3) hoe geldig die onderhandelde plaaslike regeringstelsel is, vergeleke met die ideeel-tipiese model wat geidentifiseer is.As a result of apartheid South Africa possessed a partially legitimate local government system for several decades. The problem is that the country's apartheid government maintained separate systems for whites and blacks in separate residential areas, a policy that was unacceptable to the majority of South Africans. Black local authorities who had to maintain black local government were neither politically nor economically viable because they were rejected by the community and lacked sufficient sources of revenue to render financially independent local government services. Urban black communities were subject to what, for them, was an unacceptable apartheid-structured black local government system. Black local authorities were also prevented by their economic nonviability from delivering local government services effectively and from instituting and maintaining capital development projects. Urban blacks were therefore subjected to poor service delivery in separate, underdeveloped "dormitory towns" where they were forced to live. An issue to be considered in this regard concerns the characteristics of an ideal-typical model of local government that should replace this partially legitimate system. As a result of the unacceptability of the black local government system local authorities became the targets of activists who waged a campaign against this product of apartheid since the early eighties. Activists used non-violent action (NV A), based on the Gandhian principle of Satyagraha, to destroy black local authorities. As a result of NVA (which often led to violence) the central government was eventually forced to negotiate a new local government system for the whole of South African society with all stakeholders. Negotiations led to a process of transition to legitimate (democratic) local government for all South Africans as promulgated in the Local Government Transition Act, 1993 (Act No. 209 of I 993). Consequently the following has been established in this thesis: (1) the influence of the political dispensation (apartheid dispensation) on the development of urban black communities and the maintenance of black local government; (2) the nature and the effect of NV A on the development of black local government; and (3) how valid the negotiated local government system is, compared to the identified ideal-typical model.Development StudiesD. Litt. et Phil. (Ontwikkelingsadministrasie

Bestaansbeveiliging : 'n ekonomiese perspektief

Text in AfrikaansSocial security is an important instrument of government to reduce the risks of economic insecurity to indivi~uals and the community. Social security usually consists of social insurance (for example pensions, unemployment insurance and workmen's compensation) and social assistance (for example social pensions, disability grants and maintenance grants). In view of South Africa's low economic growth, high and rising unemployment, widespread poverty, skew distribution of income and the disintegration of the family, social security requires urgent attention. This issue is even more pressing during the political transition since most policy measures and institutions are reconsidered, while pressure on government expenditure increases. This study commences with a discussion of basic aspects of social security, such as its definition, the rationale for social security in a market economy, the possible influence on economic behaviour, targeting, the financing of social security through a payroll tax and general taxation and the financing of a national pension fund. One of the sources of information of social security is the experience of other countries in this regard. The second part, which constitutes the core of the study, involves a comparative study of social security. After a general discussion on comparative studies, the origin and development of social security in welfare states (the USA, Britain and the Netherlands) and developing countries (Chile, Mexico, Guatemala, Cuba and Sri Lanka) are studied. African countries and the "miracle" countries of the East also receive brief attention. The main emphasis is on equity and efficiency, and aspects such as affordability, financing, targeting, the extension of coverage, a negative income tax, traditional social security and specific programmes that could be of importance to South Africa. In the last section the origin and development of and the fiscal scope for social security are discussed. Besides social insurance and assistance, programmes such as in-kind transfers, public works programmes and tax expenditure receive attention. Aspects of social security such as poverty alleviation, means testing, take-up rates, administration and corruption are discussed, while recommendations are made on topics such as a "voluntarily" national pension scheme, employment creation programmes and food stamps.Bestaansbeveiliging is 'n belangrike instrument in die hande van die owerheid om die risiko' s van ekonomiese onsekerheid vir individue en die gemeenskap te verminder. Bestaansbeveiliging bestaan gewoonlik uit maatskaplike versekering (waaronder pensioene, werkloosheidsversekering en ongevalleversekering) en maatskaplike bystand (byvoorbeeld maatskaplike pensioene, ongeskiktheidstoelaes en onderhoudstoelaes). In die lig van Suid-Afrika se lae ekonomiese groei, hoe en stygende werkloosheid, wydverspreide armoede, skewe verdeling van inkome en gesinsverbrokkeling, verg bestaansbeveiliging dringende aandag. Die aangeleentheid is des te dringender gedurende die politieke oorgangsperiode waartydens die meeste beleidsmaatreels en instellings in heroorweging geneem word en daar voortdurend druk op die owerheid is om meer van die land se skaars bronne te gebruik. Ter inleiding word enkele kemaspekte van bestaansbeveiliging bespreek, waaronder die definisie daarvan, die rasionaal vir bestaansbeveiliging in 'n markekonomie, die moontlike invloed van bestaansbeveiliging op ekonomiese gedrag, die rol van teikenstelling, die finansiering van bestaansbeveiliging deur middel van 'n loonstaatbelasting en algemene belastings en die finansiering van 'n nasionale pensioenfonds. Een bron van inligting oar bestaansbeveiliging is die ervaring van ander lande op hierdie terrein. Die tweede gedeelte, wat die kern van die studie is, behels 'n vergelykende studie van bestaansbeveiliging. Na 'n inleidende bespreking oar vergelykende studies in die algemeen, word die ontstaan en ontwikkeling van bestaansbeveiliging in welvaartstate (die VSA, Brittanje en Nederland) en in ontwikkelende lande (Chili, Mexiko, Guatemala, Kuba en Sri Lanka) bestudeer. Afrikalande en die "mirakel-lande" van die Coste kry oorsigtelik aandag. Die nadruk in die gedeelte val veral op billikheid en doeltreffendheid en aspekte soos bekostigbaarheid, finansiering, teikenstelling, uitbreiding van dekking, negatiewe inkomstebelasting, tradisionele bestaansbeveiliging en programme wat vir Suid-Afrika van betekenis kan wees. In die laaste gedeelte word die ontstaan en ontwikkeling van en die fiskale ruimte vir bestaansbeveiliging in Suid-Afrika bespreek. Benewens maatskaplike versekering en bystand, kry programme soos in natura oordragte, openbare werke-programme (werkskeppingsprogramme) en belastinguitgawes aandag. Aspekte van bestaansbeveiliging soos armoedeverligting, die middeletoets, opneemkoerse, administrasie en korrupsie word bespreek en aanbevelings word onder me er gemaak ten opsigte van 'n "vrywillige" nasionale pensioenskema, werkskeppingsprogramme en voedselkoepons.SociologyD. Litt. et Phil. (Ekonomie

Vloedbeheer deur damme.

Proefskrif (Ph.D.) -- Universiteit van Stellenbosch, 1978.Full text to be digitised and attached to bibliographic record

Spatiotemporal analysis of encroachment on wetlands : hazards, vulnerability and adaptations in Kampala City, Uganda

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2016.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Wetlands provide vital ecosystem services including water purification, flood control and climate moderation, which enhance environmental quality, promote public health and contribute to risk reduction. The biggest threat to wetlands is posed by human activities that transform wetlands, often for short-term consumptive uses. Population pressure, urbanization and industrial developments, among other factors, have resulted in severe degradation of wetlands. In the face of increased climate variability, several hazards continue to emerge, affecting the vulnerable sectors of society, especially the poor. This study sought to quantify and map the extents and spatiotemporal dynamics of human activities in wetlands, taking a case of Nakivubo wetland that drains Kampala city’s wastewater to Lake Victoria; assess the range of hazards, perceived vulnerabilities and associated factors among wetland communities, and assess the benefits and opportunities informal wetland communities in Kampala Uganda derive from their location in the wetland and how they adapt to minimise vulnerability to hazards such as floods and disease vectors. In order to achieve the study objectives, a mix of methods were used. These included GIS and Remote sensing techniques for analysis of very high resolution aerial photos and satellite imagery (captured in 2002, 2010 and 2014), a survey of 551 households, four focus group discussions among wetland communities and five key informant interviews with stakeholders. Analysis of land cover in Nakivubo wetland showed a 62% loss of wetland vegetation between 2002 and 2014, which is mostly attributed to crop cultivation. Results from the survey showed floods and waterlogging as the principal hazards; however, secondary effects of floods and waterlogging such as disease vectors and diseases affect more people than the floods. Tenants were more likely to be exposed to floods, but less likely to prefer to adapt, and to perceive themselves able to afford adaptation than landlords/homeowners, and households that spend more than US$80 per month were less likely than households that spend less to be exposed to floods. Households that had been exposed to floods before were more likely to perceive themselves as vulnerable. Free water from spring wells and cheaper rental units topped the benefits associated with location while the main benefit associated with the wetland itself is that it supports crop farming. However, cultivation in the buffer wetland vegetation makes it unstable to anchor to the substrate, implying that it will likely be calved away by receding lake waves as evidenced by the 2014 data. With barely no wetland vegetation buffer around the lake, the heavily polluted wastewater streams will further deteriorate the quality of lake water. Furthermore, with increased human activities in the wetland, exposure to flooding and pollution will likely have more impact on the health and livelihoods of vulnerable communities. There is a need for coordinated adaptation strategies that involve all stakeholders, and a multi-faceted approach such as ecosystem-based adaptation needs to be implemented; possibly through zoning out the wetland and restricting certain activities to specific zones so as to enhance equitable utilisation of wetland resources without compromising their ecosystem services and benefits.AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Vleilande bied belangrike ekosisteemdienste soos watersuiwering, vloedbeheer en klimaat moderering, wat die omgewingsgehalte verbeter, openbare gesondheid bevorder en bydra tot risiko vermindering. Die grootste bedreiging vir vleilande is die transformasie daarvan as gevolg van kort termyn menslike aktiwiteite en hul verbruikende doeleindes. Bevolkingsdruk, verstedeliking en industriële ontwikkelings, onder andere, het gelei tot ernstige agteruitgang van vleilande. In die aangesig van die verhoogde klimaat variasie, kom sekere gevare steeds na vore wat die kwesbare sektore van die samelewing, veral die armes, affekteer. Hierdie studie poog om die mate en tyd-ruimtelike dinamika van menslike aktiwiteite in vleilande te kwantifiseer en te karteer, en neem 'n gevallestudie van Nakivubo vleiland wat Kampalastad se afvalwater na Lake Victoria dreineer; evalueer die omvang van gevare, waarneming van kwesbaarhede en verwante faktore onder vleiland gemeenskappe, en om die voordele en geleenthede wat informele vleiland gemeenskappe in Kampala, Uganda put uit hul nedersetting in die vleiland, te bepaal, asook hoe hulle aanpas om kwesbaarheid vir gevare soos vloede en siektes te verminder. Om die studie se doelwitte te bereik, is verskeie metodes gebruik. Dit sluit in GIS en afstandswaarnemings tegnieke vir die ontleding van baie hoë resolusie lugfoto's en satellietbeelde (vasgevang in 2002, 2010 en 2014), 'n opname van 551 huishoudings, vier fokusgroepbesprekings onder vleiland gemeenskappe en vyf belangrike informant onderhoude met belanghebbendes. Ontleding van gronddekking in die Nakivubo vleiland het gewys dat 'n verlies van 62$ 80 per maand spandeer was minder geneig as huishoudings wat minder spandeer om blootgestel te word aan vloede. Huishoudings wat blootgestel was aan vloede voorheen was meer geneig om hulself as kwesbaar te beskou. Gratis water vanaf die lente putte en goedkoper huureenhede het die voordele verbonde aan die omgewing oorskry, terwyl die grootste voordeel wat verband hou met die vleiland is die ondersteuning van gewasverbouing. Egter, verbouing in die buffer vleiland plantegroei maak dit onstabiel om te anker, wat impliseer dat dit waarskynlik weg gekalf sal word deur die afname van meergolwe soos blyk uit die data van 2014. Met skaars geen vleiland plantegroei buffer rondom die meer, sal die hoogs besoedelde afvalwaterstrome verder die meer se waterkwaliteit verswak. Verder, met verhoogde menslike aktiwiteite in die vleiland, sal blootstelling aan vloede en besoedeling waarskynlik ‘n groter impak op die gesondheid en lewensbestaan van kwesbare gemeenskappe hê. Daar is 'n behoefte aan gekoördineerde aanpassingsstrategieë wat alle belanghebbendes betrek, en 'n veelvuldige benadering, soos byvoorbeeld ekosisteem gebaseerde aanpassing moet geïmplementeer word; moontlik deur die sonering uit die vleiland en die beperking van sekere aktiwiteite tot spesifieke gebiede sodat die billike benutting van vleiland hulpbronne kan verbeter sonder om hul ekosisteem dienste en voordele te kompromiseer

Evaluation of the use of flood attenuation controls for the management of urban stormwater impacts in Cape Town, South Africa

Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In the context of rapidly expanding cities, it is imperative that urban planning in South Africa has sufficient guidance regarding stormwater and river corridor management, in order to provide solutions that address issues of flood risk and the environmental health of river systems. Attenuation of stormwater runoff, the focus of this study, is one of the most important structural mechanisms used for the mitigation of many of the negative impacts caused by uncontrolled urban runoff. Typically, it involves the use of attenuation ponds or wetlands, which temporarily store runoff during a storm and release flow downstream at a reduced rate so as to mimic natural flow patterns. The focus of urban stormwater management and flood control has historically been on the protection of human life and property. However, in recent decades, through growing environmental awareness and the advancement of the concept of sustainable development, urban stormwater management has become a growing field of research worldwide, with a broader focus which considers not only flood control, but also water quality, aquatic biodiversity and the amenity value of urban drainage systems. Flood attenuation controls are becoming more widely used within South African urban areas, primarily due to policies or legislation brought into effect by local authorities. However, there is often little understanding regarding the positive and perhaps negative effects that these attenuation controls are having on receiving watercourses downstream. Three case studies were assessed by means of stormwater modelling simulations to evaluate various flood attenuation practices which are currently in use in South Africa. Two of the study areas, the Mosselbank River Catchment and the Bayside Canal Catchment, were selected in areas of Cape Town where future development has been proposed by spatial planners. The third study area, the Upper Kuils River Catchment, was evaluated in terms of the performance of existing attenuation facilities in an area which is already almost completely developed. The study found that attenuation facilities constructed with a single culvert-type outlet structure, designed to reduce flows during large storm events, do not mitigate the impact of post-development runoff occurring during lower recurrence interval storm events. Attenuation facilities with multi-stage outlet structures were found to be much more effective at mimicking pre-development flow during a range of storm events. It was also found that because attenuation does not reduce post-development runoff volumes to pre-development levels, but merely reduces peak flow rates, the cumulative runoff from multiple attenuation controls across a large (>30 km2) urban catchment resulted in higher runoff peaks in downstream watercourses. The study concluded that more widespread use of stormwater Best Management Practices (BMPs) and Sustainable Drainage System (SuDS) controls allows a greater portion of runoff to infiltrate, resulting in less runoff volume and therefore reduced peak flows downstream, especially during low recurrence interval storm events. In addition, the study recommended the use of detailed catchment-wide stormwater modelling to understand specific catchment dynamics holistically, thus increasing the potential for designing effective attenuation controls in urban stormwater systems.AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In die konteks van die vinnige tempo van stedelike uitbreiding, is dit noodsaaklik dat stedelike beplanning in Suid-Afrika plaasvind met in aggenome van voldoende riglyne vir die bestuur van stormwater en rivierkorridors, ten einde oplossings te vind vir die kwessies van vloedrisiko en die omgewingsgesondheid van rivierstelsels. Vloedvertraging, wat die fokus van hierdie studie is, is een van die belangrikste strukturele meganismes wat gebruik word vir die verligting van talle negatiewe impakte wat veroorsaak word deur onbeheerde stormwaterafloop in stedelike gebiede. Tipies behels dit die gebruik van vloedvertragingsdamme of vleilande, wat afloop vertraag tydens 'n storm en dus vloei stroom-af teen 'n verlaagde tempo uitlaat met die doel om natuurlike vloeipatrone na te boots. Die fokus van stedelike stormwaterbestuur en vloedbeheer was in die verlede hoofsaaklik op die beskerming van lewe en eiendom gefokus, maar het egter die afgelope dekades verskuif na water gehalte, die biodiversiteit van waterekosisteme en die geriefswaarde van stedelike dreineringstelsels. Hierdie verskuiwing van fokus is weens die groeiende omgewingsbewustheid en die bevordering van die konsep van volhoubare ontwikkeling wat wêreldwyd 'n groter navorsingsgebied geraak het. Vloedvertraging beheermeganismes word al hoe meer algemeen gebruik in Suid-Afrikaanse stedelike gebiede, hoofsaaklik as gevolg van die beleide of wetgewing wat deur plaaslike owerhede in werking gestel is. Daar is egter dikwels min begrip vir die positiewe en moontlike negatiewe gevolge wat hierdie vertragingsmeganismes op stroom-af sisteme het. Drie gevallestudies is geëvalueer deur middel van numeriese modelstudies wat verskeie benaderings van vloed beheer, wat tans in Suid-Afrika gebruik is, in ag neem. Twee van die studie areas, naamlik die Mosselbank en die Bayside-kanaal opvanggebiede in die Kaapse metropool, is gekies in areas waar toekomstige ontwikkeling in die vooruitsig gestel is deur stadsbeplanners. Die derde studie area, die opvangsgebied van die bolope van die Kuilsrivier, is in terme van die prestasie van bestaande stormwater infrastruktuur in 'n gebied wat reeds byna heeltemal ontwikkel is, geëvalueer. Die studie het bevind dat vloedvertragingsfasiliteite met 'n enkele duiker uitlaatstruktuur, wat ontwerp is met die doel om die vloeispitse tydens groot storms te demp, nie die impak van die na-ontwikkeling afloop, wat gedurende storms met laer herhalingsinterval voorkom, verminder nie. In terme van vloedvertragingsfasiliteite met 'n veelvuldige uitlaatstruktuur, is dit bevind dat voorontwikkelingsafloop tydens 'n reeks van groot en kleiner storms veel meer effektief nageboots word. Daar is egter ook bevind dat die demping van die vloedspitse nie die naontwikkeling afloopvolumes verminder tot voorontwikkelingsvlakke nie, maar slegs tot die vermindering van maksimum snelhede lei. Die gevolg is dat die totale afloop van ‘n kombinasie van ‘n aantal vertragingsdamme oor 'n groot (> 30 km2) stedelike opvanggebied ‘n hoër spitsvloei in die stroom-af riviere tot gevolg het. Die studie het bevind dat die wydverspreide gebruik van bestebestuurspraktyke (BMPs) en volhoubare stedelike dreineringstelsels (SuDS) tot die infiltrasie van ‘n groter gedeelte van die afloop lei, wat laer afloopvolume en dus verminderde spitsvloei stroomaf tot gevolg het, veral gedurende storms met ‘n lae herhalingsinterval. Daarbenewens word die aanwending van gedetailleerde modellering van stormwatersisteme binne die groter opvangsgebied aanbeveel ten einde ‘n meer holistiese begrip van spesifieke aspekte van die opvangegebied dinamika, om sodoende die potensiaal vir die ontwerp van effektiewe vloedvertragingskontroles in stedelike stormwaterstelsels te verbeter