Investigation of the Efficiency of Use of Polycomponent Acidifiers in the Technology of Rye- Wheat Bread

The polycomponent acidifiers “Optimal 1” and “Optimal 2” were elaborated at the National University of food technologies (Kyiv city, Ukraine) for intensifying the technology of rye-wheat bread and prolongation of its freshness.The composition of acidifiers includes the enzymatic preparations (EP) Glusim 10000 Mono (glucose oxidase) that favors the improvement of structural-mechanical properties of dough, EP Pentopan 500 BG (mixture of pentosanase and hemilcellulase) that favors the modification of non-starched polysaccharides and provides elastic crumb. For providing the proper dough acidity and intensification of the process of dough fermentation, the acidifier composition is added with citeric acid and dry milk serum (DMS), and for improving organoleptic parameters – with rye fermented malt (RFM). For increasing dough water-absorbing ability and keeping products\u27 freshness in the process of storage, guar gum is added.The optimal dosage of PCA “Optimal 1” and “Optimal 2” in the recipe of rye-wheat bread is 2 % to the flour mass.There are considered technological aspects of acidifiers use. There are considered processes, connected with stalling, loss of organoleptic and physical-chemical parameters of the bread quality at storage. The positive effect of acidifiers on the parameters of crumbling and swelling of bread crumb at the accelerated technology of its preparation. It was established, that the use of acidifiers favors the deceleration of rye-wheat bread staling. There was obtained the positive influence of acidifiers on preserving smell and taste of ready products. The obtained results prove the expedience of using the elaborated polycomponent acidifiers “Optimal 1” and “Optimal 2” in the technology of rye-wheat bread at its accelerated preparation. The use of the elaborated acidifiers favors the shortening of the technological process of rye-wheat bread production in 2,5-3 times and provide freshness, taste and smell preservation in ready products

Efficiency Analysisof The Use Production Inputs Farming On Soybean Groboganvarietiesin Tuko Village Pulokulon Subdistricts Grobogan District

: This research aims wereto analyze the value of cost, revenue, profits, and B/C ratio soybean farming, analyze the effect of the use of production inputs to the production soybeans, analyze the level of efficiency of useinputs soybean Grobogan Varieties in Tuko Village Pulokulon Subdistrict Grobogan District. The location of research determined by purposive method and the village of research determined by purposive sampling. The number of samples in this researchwere50 farmerselected using proportional random sampling method.The results showed the cost to produced soybean Grobogan Varietieswas Rp 9.034.866,95/ha/MT. Revenue that received by farmer was 12,343,463.41/ha/MT and farmer's profit was Rp 3.308.596,46/ha/MT. B/Cratio that showed was0,44. To analyze the relationship between inputs with production used a regression model with the modified model Cobb-Douglas function. Model equation production function as follows: Ln Y = 5,732 + 0,578 Ln X1 + 0,129 Ln X2 + 0,296 Ln X3 – 0,279 Ln X4 + 0,135 Ln X5 – 0,460 Ln X6 + e.Regression analysis showed that the use of land, labor, seeds, organic granules fertilizer, Phonska fertilizers, and insecticides Atabron jointly significant effect on production. Individually, production factors of land and seed have a real effect on production, while the production factors of labor, organic granules fertilizer, Phonska fertilizers, and insecticides Atabron no real effect. Based on this results of the research, the combination of inputs in the production of soybean Grobogan Varieties in Tuko Village Pulokulon Subistrict Grobogan District not efficient

Yield gaps and nutrients use efficiency of apple tree (golden delicious/MM106) in the middle Atlas Mountains of Morocco

The main objective of this work was to evaluate use efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium in adult apple orchards in the Middle Atlas of Morocco and to establish preliminary reference norms for fertilizing this crop under local conditions. The study was based on soil and leaf analysis and data with regard to farming practices and yield on forty apple orchards (cv. Golden delecious/MM106) where nineteen are growing on silty-clay soil and twenty-one on sandy-loam soil. The results showed significant correlations between leaf content for each nutrient and yield level following polynomial equations, thereby indicating local reference norms for apple leaf analysis. Moreover, correlations were significant between leaf and soil contents that permitted to determine apple needs in nitrogen fertilizer and references norms for soil richness in phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium to obtain yield potential in the study region. However, the found norms are less than International standards because of feebleness of yield level in the study region, largely related to deficient cultural practices adopted by farmers. In addition, investigation of leaf nutrients ratios N/K, N/Ca, K/Ca, K/Mg and Ca/Mg showed that there was disharmony in uptake of these nutrients originating particularly from high soil richness in Ca and Mg. Taking into account these considerations, the found references norms can be applied only under the adopted farming practices. Nevertheless, by improving local practices, reference values may change

Radiation Use Efficiency and Soil Water Content on Maize-mungbean Intercropping

Mungbean is traditionally intercropped with maize by small-scale farmers which do widely in the tropics, including Southeast Sulawesi. This study aims to assess the radiation use efficiency (RUE) and soil water content (SWC) in maize intercropped with mungbean. The research was arranged on Split-Plot Design of two factors, i.e. dose of “komba-komba” compost as the main plot consists on 5 t ha-1 and 10 t ha-1 and planting time of mungbean as a subplot, consists on planting mungbean with maize at the same time, delayed planting of mungbean 7 and 14 days after planting (DAP) of maize. The results shown that the highest RUE of maize 2.69 g MJ-1 and 3.15 g MJ-1 obtained on komba-komba compost dose 10 t ha-1 and planting mungbean 7 DAP of maize, while highest RUE of mungbean 0.31 g MJ-1 and 0.60 g MJ-1 obtained on komba-komba compost dose 10 t ha-1 and planting mungbean and maize at the same time, respectively. The soil temperature has negatively correlated with (SWC) that at the komba-komba compost with rxy = - 0.7422 and at the time planting of mungbean in intercropping with maize with rxy = - 0.7922

Energy use efficiency of organic and agroforestry farming systems

Im Versuchsbetrieb Scheyern (Süddeutschland) wurde in Feldexperimenten die Energienutzungseffizienz (EUE) ökologischer Anbausysteme analysiert. Die EUE wurde für verschiedene Systemebenen - die Fruchtarten, die Fruchtfolge sowie Agroforstsysteme (AFS) bestimmt. Die Agroforstsysteme bestehen aus Baumreihen mit schnellwachsenden Gehölzen zur energetischen Nutzung sowie einer Fruchtfolge zur Nahrungserzeugung. Die EUE entspricht dem Verhältnis von Energieoutput zum Energieinput. Der Energieinput umfasst den Einsatz fossiler Energie, der Energieoutput den Brennwert der Ernteprodukte. Die EUE von Weizen wird stark von der Vorfrucht beeinflusst; sie beträgt nach Kartoffeln 10,1, nach Luzerne-Kleegras 19,5, im AFS 9,7 (nach Kartoffeln) und 18,8 (nach Luzerne-Kleegras).Die Energienutzungseffizienz der Fruchtfolge beträgt 10,3, die des Agroforstsystems 12,8

Road Use Tax Fund Efficiency Report, September 2013

Senate File 2314, 84th General Assembly, states the Iowa Department of Transportation shall submit quarterly reports regarding the implementation of efficiency measures identified in the "Road Use Tax Fund Efficiency Report," January 2012. This report shall provide details of activities undertaken in the previous quarter relating to one-time and long-term program efficiencies and partnership efficiencies. Issues covered include savings realized from the implementation of particular efficiency measures; updates concerning measures that have not been implemented; efforts involving cities, counties, other jurisdictions, or stakeholder interest groups; any new efficiency measures identified or undertaken; and identification of any legislative action that may be required to achieve efficiencies

FARMER EFFICIENCY AND TECHNOLOGY USE WITH AGE

Productivity of U.S. farmers by age is measured by non-parametric programming using 1992 Census data, decomposed into efficiency and technology Malmquist index components. Productivity increases slightly with age and then decreases. In most states productivity variations are from technology use rather than efficiency differences.Farm Management, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,