Komunikowanie i wyrażanie emocji w tekstach średniowiecznych na podstawie Słownika pojęciowego języka staropolskiego

The linguistic ways of presenting emotions such as communicating and expressing emotions in Polish medieval texts have not been the subject of linguistic analysis. The majority of the oldest linguistic relics are mostly the texts published both in transliterated and transcribed versions and may constitute a basis for large-scale research of vocabulary. Słownik staropolski 1953–2002 (The Dictionary of Old Polish 1953–2002) and resulting The Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish are a valuable help in the analysis of presenting emotions in medieval texts. The article presents the categories of concepts in The Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish that concern emotions. The autosemantic continuous and discontinuous units are assigned to 26 conceptual categories concerning emotions. The contents of the category shame from The Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish are described in order to show the way of presenting data. The general principles of the comprehensive study on communicating and expressing emotions in Polish medieval texts have been formulated.The linguistic ways of presenting emotions such as communicating and expressing emotions in Polish medieval texts have not been the subject of linguistic analysis. The majority of the oldest linguistic relics are mostly the texts published both in transliterated and transcribed versions and may constitute a basis for large-scale research of vocabulary. Słownik staropolski 1953–2002 (The Dictionary of Old Polish 1953–2002) and resulting The Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish are a valuable help in the analysis of presenting emotions in medieval texts. The article presents the categories of concepts in The Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish that concern emotions. The autosemantic continuous and discontinuous units are assigned to 26 conceptual categories concerning emotions. The contents of the category shame from The Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish are described in order to show the way of presenting data. The general principles of the comprehensive study on communicating and expressing emotions in Polish medieval texts have been formulated

Albo jest to ostateczne rozliczenie się z życiem...

Wybór prac studenckich powstałych w czasie zajęć: Osiągnięcia dramaturgii światowej XX wieku, włączony do serii wydawniczej zainicjowanej przez prof. zw. dr. hab. Wiesława Pusza w ramach specjalizacji Literatura Stosowana (Proza nr 3).Wydano z pomocą finansową Dziekana Wydziału Filologicznego Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego

Zabiorę się czy wstanę? Od przekładu przypowieści o synu marnotrawnym (Łk 15, 11–32) do teologii miłosierdzia

No translator can avoid facing numerous dilemmas which must be solved by seeking a golden mean between being true to the original and communicative to the recipient. However, translation is always an interpretation of the text. Regarding Bible translations, any particular choice of an equivalent made by the translator might lead to the development of totally different theologies. The paper aims at pointing to some theological and pastoral consequences of such choices as exemplified by the translations of the parable of the prodigal son (Luke 15:11–32). The choices made in translation may result in different visions of sin, the nature of the relation to God or the way of returning to him (penance or repentance). The preacher ought to go beyond the text of the translation, even if it is the one used in liturgy, as the translation is often true to the words and not to the idea. It is the task of the preacher to bring out the idea of the passage, so that the listener’s consciousness does not stop solely at the words. It is the text of the Bible as heard during the liturgy that forms the theology and devotion of the people in the first place.Każdy tłumacz stoi przed wieloma dylematami, które musi pokonać, poszukując złotego środka pomiędzy tłumaczeniem wiernym oryginałowi a komunikatywnym wobec odbiorcy. Mimo tego każde tłumaczenie będzie już interpretacją. W przypadku tłumaczenia Biblii, konkretny wybór poszczególnych ekwiwalentów przez tłumacza może prowadzić do wykształcenia się zupełnie odmiennych teologii. Celem artykułu jest wskazanie na pewne konsekwencje teologiczno-pastoralne wyboru określonego ekwiwalentu na przykładzie przypowieści o synu marnotrawnym z Ewangelii wg św. Łukasza (Łk 15, 11–32). Określony wybór może skutkować odmienną wizją grzechu, natury relacji do Boga, sposobu powrotu do Niego (pokuta czy nawrócenie). Zadaniem kaznodziei pozostaje wykroczenie poza tekst tłumaczenia, nawet jeśli ma ono status tłumaczenie liturgicznego, często bowiem tłumaczenie pozostaje wierne słowom, a nie myśli. Zadaniem kaznodziei jest wydobyć myśl z tłumaczenia, aby świadomość wiernych nie zatrzymała się jedynie na słowach. Tym bowiem, co przede wszystkim kształtuje teologię i pobożność ludzi jest tekst Biblii w formie usłyszanej podczas liturgii

Co się ukrywa za nazwami emocji?

The article is devoted to the semantic motivations of the names of feelings. Its aim is to prove that when one researches semantic motivations one discovers the original associations connected with referents, in this case, feelings. In order to present the problem in an accessible way the most legible of the names were chosen for the analysis – especially those which acquired the meaning of a feeling by way of metaphor. The names whose structure is clear but which lost their legibility due to lexicalisation were also considered.The article is devoted to the semantic motivations of the names of feelings. Its aim is to prove that when one researches semantic motivations one discovers the original associations connected with referents, in this case, feelings. In order to present the problem in an accessible way the most legible of the names were chosen for the analysis – especially those which acquired the meaning of a feeling by way of metaphor. The names whose structure is clear but which lost their legibility due to lexicalisation were also considered

St. Elizabeth of Hungary as a Role Model for Women in the 16th-18th Century Polish Hagiography

The paper aims at the presentation of St. Elizabeth of Hungary (1207-1231) as a role model for the 16th-18th century literary audience in Poland, especially women. The period hagiographical sources (lives of saints, sermon examples) tend to promote the saint as an exemplary representative of three states of life as a maid, wife and widow. The three mentioned dimensions of Elizabeth’s sainthood make the heroine a universal, multipurpose patroness, fully acceptable as a source of Christian perfection for the Polish post-Trent laity.717919

Barok w mistyce – hipertrofia myśli i emocji? (1)

In mysticism, I am mostly interested in emanations of some type of intensity of existence, which abstracts from the biological one. Revoking a treaty with time results in a puzzling personal experience, the story of which can be treated as an existential lesson. In mysticism, the truth becomes known through faith. It finds its source in love, which is the soul’s response for the salutary love of God directed at it. As a refusal of the demands of human nature, mysticism offers an entrance into the realm of the spirit and transcendence. The latter is approached by man through a sacrifice of love, which cleanses him of the ontological stain and guilt. The first stage of this peregrination is purification. It is an act of conscience stimulated by the vision of Christ’s passion, foreseeing death and inevitable Judgement. Purification is an encouragement for contrition and responsibility going beyond the temporal limits. In the second stage of the journey to God (illumination), a prayer for grace of life under the aegis of the cross substitutes the lament over oneself. It will be a life of humility, contemplation and doloristic imitation, crowned with love understood as following the intention of God

The motif of Russian indefiniteness as an element of the 19th-century political narrations

Dziewiętnastowieczna popularność oraz wieloznaczność rozmaitych wariantów motywu nieokreśloności Rosji przyczyniły się do upowszechnienia poglądu o nieusuwalnym jej niedopasowaniu do Zachodu. Na kanwie tego typu wyobrażeń długo narastały przesłanki niechęci pomiędzy obiema przestrzeniami kulturowymi. Na tym tle widać częściowo, dlaczego w stosunkach Rosjan z narodami Europy, mimo nie tak znów rzadkiej, wzajemnej fascynacji, wielokrotnie górę brały konflikty interesów, animozje i zakłopotanie związane z niełatwą przeszłością oraz dystans kulturowy.Wszystkie wymienione bariery – w powiązaniu z gwałtownym przyspieszeniem procesów historycznych, w tym z intensyfikacją kontaktów międzynarodowych – sprzyjały i nadal sprzyjają kreowaniu strachu, nieufności, niefortunnych wypowiedzi, urażonej dumy, a niekiedy nawet wzgardy i chęci odwetu.The 19th-century popularity and ambiguity of many versions of the motif of Russian indefiniteness contributed to popularize the view about its ineffaceable incongruity to the West. On the basis of such ideas the premises of the deep aversion between these two spheres were arising. Against thisbackground, it is clearly visible why despite of the not so rare mutual fascination, the relations between Russians and other European nations were often dominated by conflicts of interests, animosities and embarrassment associated with the difficult past and cultural distance. All of these barriers – in conjunction with the rapid acceleration of historical processes, including the intensification of international contacts – were facilitating the creation of fear, distrust, unfortunate statements, wounded pride, contempt and desire for revenge

Badania radykalizacji kobiet do terroryzmu dżihadystycznego

The aim of the article is to analyze the women’s participation in jihadist movements through feminist perspectives. The hypothesis of this paper is the assumption that the factors determining and initiating the fascination with leads to political violence may be different among women and young girls than among men. The cultural and social determinants and perceived female roles in particular communities are of particular importance. The specifics of the socialization of women to political violence are not in contrast to the radicalization of men but should be considered as a complement to studies on terrorism. There are indications of radicalization of attitudes and behaviors, including individual factors pushing and sustaining involvement in terrorism (push and pull factors). The following methods have been applied in the article: theoretical research methods (classification and systematization, verification), general-purpose methods (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction) and other research methods typical for social sciences: statistical, comparative, descriptive, analysis of sources, analysis and criticism of the literature on the subject. The conclusion was that manipulation of masculinity and femininity is used not only by terrorist groups in recruitment processes, but also in the analysis of this phenomenon itself. Gender relations also affect accepted interpretive solutions of phenomena in which women participate, and above all, their marginalization in violence studies.Celem artykułu jest analiza partycypacji kobiet w ruchach dżihadystycznych z uwzględnieniem perspektyw feministycznych. Hipotezą artykułu jest przypuszczenie, że czynniki warunkujące i inicjujące fascynację przemocą polityczną mogą być inne u kobiet i młodych dziewcząt niż u mężczyzn. Szczególne znaczenie mają uwarunkowania kulturowe i społeczne oraz postrzegane role kobiet w danych społecznościach. Ukazano specyfikę socjalizacji kobiet do przemocy politycznej, nie w kontraście do radykalizacji mężczyzn, ale jako uzupełnienie badań nad terroryzmem. Wykazane zostały przesłanki warunkujące radykalizację postaw i zachowań kobiet, w tym czynniki indywidualne, popychające oraz podtrzymujące zaangażowanie w terroryzm (push and pull factors). W artykule zostały zastosowane metody badań teoretycznych (klasyfikacja i systematyzacja, weryfikacja), metody ogólnologiczne (analiza, synteza, indukcja, dedukcja) i metody empiryczne (obserwacja pośrednia) oraz inne metody typowe dla nauk społecznych: statystyczna, komparatywna, opisowa, analizy i krytyki źródeł oraz piśmiennictwa. W konkluzji stwierdzono, że manipulacja męskością i kobiecością wykorzystywana jest nie tylko przez ugrupowania terrorystyczne w procesach rekrutacyjnych, ale także w analizach samego zjawiska. Relacyjność płci wpływa na przyjęte rozwiązania interpretacyjne w naukach społecznych, przede wszystkim na marginalizację kobiet w badaniach nad przemocą

Fideizm Jana Kalwina w doktrynie podwójnej predestynacji

Fideism, as a philosophical and theological view, is defined in various manners. Sometimes it is defined as the priority of faith over accounts of all kinds of cognition based on human reason. The Geneva reformer John Calvin (1509–1564) was a fideist, and he simultaneously admired Saint Augustine — traces of that admiration can be found very easy in the chief Calvin’s work Institutio christianae religionis. However, this does not mean that he shared Augustinian views on faith‑reason relations. John Calvin adopted late‑Augustinian interests, and was especially concerned with the issue of predestination. The Geneva reformer was the author of the double predestination doctrine. The chief claim of this doctrine is that: God intended one part of humanity for salvation; and the other one for damnation. This conclusion was supported with numerous quotations from the Old and the New Testament, and followed from the accepted exegetic principle that all words of the Holy Scripture are to be understood literally. Calvin also acted selectively and did not take into account other passages of the Bible contrary to them in sense. These different, even contradictory words and quotations create an incoherent image of God, which Calvin left unexplained as one of God’s mysteries. According to this image, God is a petulant despot, who by his irrational will treats people with unequal measure. God has settled a priori who would be saved and who would be damned, so the will of concrete man to act well or badly is without importance. In consequence, God is responsible for the evil and sins committed by people. Calvin’s God is unfair because he is merciful for one man, but not for other one. In approving a voluntaristic image of God, Calvin started becoming, particularly in the doctrine of double predestination, an extreme fideist, much more than his master Augustine. However, in later decades (especially in the seventeenth century), Calvin’s version of Christianity gaverise a rebellion against the double predestination doctrine, first in the ranks of the Dutch Calvinistic theologians (Armenians), and later in the circles of the English philosophers (Cambridge Platonics). In the end, Calvinism became a compromised Christianity and essentially contributed to the development of deism and atheism in Western European Countries in the eighteenth century

Elegia na progu. Antyczne dziedzictwo motywu paraklausithyron w twórczości elegijnej renesansu (usque ad Ioannem Cochanovium)

Paraklausithyron — a lover’s lament at the closed door of the beloved, desiring entry, is a very old literary and musical motif, deriving from the archaic genre of komos, characteristic for Greek comedy. Paraklausithyron was successfully adopted by Roman literature to become one of the basic motifs of love elegy in the Roman Empire of Augustan times. The present study explores the history of the motif and outlines the main features of its Roman variety. Then, its reception in Italian elegiac poetry of the Renaissance period is presented, and, within this context, the use of the motif in elegies written in Latin and Polish by Jan Kochanowski is discussed. Vigils at the beloved one’s door are presented here as an essential element of an elegiac confession of love containing a characteristic line of arguments and distinguishable key words which, in the course of time, came to substitute the motif and the confession of love itself. The motif also pervaded other forms of modern lyric love poetry, in particular the serenade; just as the elegiac sense of love initiated the sentimental trend in European poetry