Union of maxillary second and third molar

Pathological union is rare between permanent teeth. A case study of a male aged thirty, had pain and a swelling associated with two partly erupted permanent upper molars is described. An incision was made and the mucosa reflected. Removal of some bone disclosed that the second and third maxillary molars were in pathological union. These molars and a granulating mass attached to their roots were removed and the rather large cavity sutured.peer-reviewe

A Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) evaluation of MB2 canals in endodontically treated permanent maxillary molars. A retrospective study in Indian population

Current technological advances have allowed application of different study designs and techniques for investigation of dental anatomy. Some clinical studies have provided evidence that Cone Beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanning is an important resource in assessment of root canal systems notably to identify MB2 canals in maxillary molars as CBCT scans allow in vivo dental investigation in axial, sagittal and coronal planes simultaneously. The current study was undertaken to detect and evaluate filled/unfilled MB2 canals in endodontically treated, asymptomatic maxillary molars utilizing cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). A retrospective study of 100 CBCTs of patients were underwent scanning for various treatment modalities, with asymptomatic endodontically treated permanent first and second maxillary molars were selected. History of root canal treatment varied from minimum of 1 year to a maximum of 10 years. Axial and paraxial images obtained were used to assess the presence of MB2 canal. Paraxial images were used to assess the periapical status. Of the 100 scans, 66 were of permanent maxillary first molar and 34 were of permanent maxillary second molar. The incidence of MB2 canal was 86.36% in maxillary first molars and 29.4% in maxillary second molars. 77.19 % of maxillary first molars and 90% of maxillary second molars had an unfilled MB2 canal. 72.7% of maxillary first molars and 88.8% of maxillary second molars showed significant periapical radiolucencies in unfilled MB2 canals. MB2 canals were present in majority of cases and most of the unfilled MB2 canals showed evidence of periapical radiolucencies

Bilateral Transverse Mandibular Second Molars: A Case Report

Impaction of mandibular second permanent molars is a rare occurrence, with prevalence rates reported to be between 0.65% and 2.0%. In the absence of systemic conditions, impactions are usually unilateral. There appears to be no consensus as to the optimal treatment for impacted mandibular second molars and treatment plans will be based upon the individual case. Treatment may involve orthodontics and/or various surgical techniques, and early diagnosis is important. This paper presents an unusual case of bilateral transverse impaction of both mandibular second and third molars that was diagnosed at 18 years of age. All impacted molars were extracted

Retrospective analysis of impacted first and second permanent molars in the turkish population : a multicenter study

Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to retrospectively analyze 170 case series of patients with 200 impacted first and second permanent molars. Study Design: Records of 104.408 patients were retrospectively screened in this multicenter study. The chosen study population consists of 170 patients who presented with impacted or retained first and second permanent molar. All patients with impacted first or second permanent molar had undergone clinical and radiographic examinations. The following factors were analyzed: age and gender, frequency, distribution, location, position, the number of impacted tooth, primary and secondary retention, degree of infraocclusion, associated pathologic conditions and treatment method. Results: There were a total of 170 patients (male: 91, female: 79, mean ages 22.69±8.99 years ranging from 13 to 66 years of age) with 200 retained or impacted permanent molars in 104.408 patients. In this study, 200 impacted teeth which were analyzed were 125 molars (62.5%) vertical position, 17 (8.5%) horizontal, 38 (19%) mesioangular, 12 (6%) distoangular, and 7 (3.5%) buccolingual inclination. There were 52 primarily retained (26%) and 32 secondarily retained (16%) molars. 137 (68.5%) molars were asymptomatic. Cystic formation was present in 13 (6.5%) cases. Conclusions: Although the impactions of first and second permanent molars do not occur frequently, it is important to make an early diagnosis in order to start treatment at the optimal time. © Medicina Oral S.L

Use of cone-beam computed tomography to evaluate root and canal morphology of mandibular first and second molars in Turkish individuals

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the root and canal morphology of mandibular first and second molars in a Turkish population by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Study design: CBCT images of mandibular first (n = 823) and second molar (n = 925) teeth from 605 Turkish patients were analyzed. The root canal configurations were classified according to the method of Vertucci. Results: The majority of mandibular molars (95.8% of first molars, 85.4% of second molars) had two separate roots; however, three roots were identified in 2.06% of first molars and 3.45% of second molars. C-shaped canals occurred 0.85% of first molars and 4.1% of second molars. Three canals were found in 79.9% of first molars and 72.8% of second molars. Most distal roots had a simple type I configuration, whereas mesial roots had more complex canal systems, with more than one canal. The most common root morphology of first and second molars is the two rooted morphology with three canals. Both the mesial and distal roots showed wide variations in canal anatomy with type IV and type I canal configuration predominating in the mesial and distal roots, respectively. Conclusion: Vertucci type I and IV canal configurations were the most prevalent in the distal and mesial roots, respectively, of both the mandibular first and second permanent molar teeth

Treatment Rate Of Second Mesio-Buccal Canals In Maxillary Molars In A Musod Endodontic Resident Patient Population

Purpose: The primary reason for non-surgical root canal treatment (NSRCT) failure in an upper molar is inadequate cleaning, shaping and filling of the second mesio-buccal root canal (MB2). Failure to locate and treat a present MB2 will lead to a worsened long-term prognosis. This retrospective study investigated the treatment rate of MB2s in a sample of patients who were treated in Marquette University School of Dentistry\u27s (MUSOD) advanced dental education program in Endodontics. Materials and Methods: The study protocol was approved by Marquette\u27s IRB. Data were gathered from records of 447 patients who received endodontic treatment between 2008 and 2012 and include; presence of an MB2 (dependent variable), tooth number, patient age (years), and gender (independent variables). Personal identifiers subject to HIPAA regulations were not collected. Presence of an MB2 was determined from clinical notes and verified radiographically. Frequencies of present or absent MB2s were tabulated as a function of various independent variables and statistically analyzed using chi-square tests. Results: Overall, 50.3% of all patients presented with an MB2. Male and female patients had MB2s in 60.6% and 43.8%, respectively. MB2s were found in 53.1% (172 out of 324) and 43.1% (53 out of 123) of maxillary first and second molars, respectively. The mean age of the sample was 42.4 years. Below the mean age, MB2 canals were found in 56.0%, while above the mean age, they were present in 43.2%. There was no statistically significant difference in side distribution (left side of maxillary arch compared to right side). Respective frequencies were 49.3% and 51.4%. Conclusion: MB2 treatment rates may serve as a guide for practicing endodontists because they were achieved with the most current treatment techniques, advanced visualization, adequate time, and clinical expertise

Bayesian semiparametric inference for multivariate doubly-interval-censored data

Based on a data set obtained in a dental longitudinal study, conducted in Flanders (Belgium), the joint time to caries distribution of permanent first molars was modeled as a function of covariates. This involves an analysis of multivariate continuous doubly-interval-censored data since: (i) the emergence time of a tooth and the time it experiences caries were recorded yearly, and (ii) events on teeth of the same child are dependent. To model the joint distribution of the emergence times and the times to caries, we propose a dependent Bayesian semiparametric model. A major feature of the proposed approach is that survival curves can be estimated without imposing assumptions such as proportional hazards, additive hazards, proportional odds or accelerated failure time.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/10-AOAS368 the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org

The Relationships Between Fluoride Intake Levels and Fluorosis of Late‐Erupting Permanent Teeth

Objectives To examine the relationships between fluoride intake levels and fluorosis of late‐erupting permanent teeth. Methods The current study used information collected from 437 children in the longitudinal Iowa Fluoride Study. Participants\u27 fluoride intake information was collected using questionnaires from birth to age 10 years. Estimated mean daily fluoride intake was categorized into low, moderate, and high intake tertiles for each age interval (2‐5, 5‐8, and 2‐8 years). Bivariate analyses were performed to study the relationships between self‐reported fluoride intake levels during three age intervals and dental fluorosis. Results For canines and second molars, the prevalence of mostly mild fluorosis was less than 10% in the lowest fluoride intake tertile and more than 25% in the highest intake tertile. For both first and second premolars, the prevalence in the low and high intake tertiles was approximately 10‐15% and 25‐40%, respectively. When estimated total daily fluoride intake was 0.04 mg/kg BW during ages 2‐8 years, the predicted probability of fluorosis was 16.0%, 20.5%, 21.8%, and 15.4% for canines, 1st and 2nd and premolars and 2nd molars, respectively. We found that an incremental increase in fluoride intake during the age 5‐ to 8‐year interval led to greater odds for development of mostly mild dental fluorosis in late‐erupting teeth compared to increases in fluoride intake during other age intervals. Conclusions Our results clearly show that dental fluorosis prevalence is closely related to fluoride intake levels and that teeth have greater susceptibility to fluoride intake during certain age intervals

Nutrition Status Correlated to the First Permanent Mandibular Molar Teeth of Elementary School Children in Lintau Buo, Tanah Datar Regency, West-sumatra

The first permanent mandibular molar teeth is the most important for child, especially to stimulate growth of jaw. The teeth has normally erupted at children age of 6-7 years old. However, it is frequently not happened at this stage. This study aims to determine the nutritional status relate to the first permanent mandibular molars teeth eruption in the elementary school children age of 6-7 years old at Lintau Buo, Tanah Datar Regency, West-Sumatra Indonesia. This is an analytical cross-sectional study, with anthropometric measurements of body mass index/BMI of elementary school children related to eruption of the first permanent mandibular teeth. The results showed that nutritional status of elementary school children age of 6-7 years old for the most were within normal category (51.2%). Grade-I (6-7 years old) suffered from emaciation is still quite high (45.4%), 20.3% of 187 students who suffer from emaciation first permanent mandibular molars have erupted, the first permanent mandibular molars in first grade children (6-7 years old) with normal nutritional status, risk of overweight and obese have erupted. Nutritional status affects children\u27s first permanent mandibular molar erupted lower jow. The better the nutritional status of a child then the erupstion of the first mandibular molars will get better and grow in time