10,411 research outputs found

    Evaluación de lesiones de mama benignas patológicamente confirmadas utilizando inteligencia artificial en las imágenes ecográficas

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    Objectives: It was aimed to use AI retrospectively to evaluate US images of pathologically confirmed benign inflammatory lesions, to compare the results of AI with our US reports, and to test the reliability of AI in itself. Methods: US images of 71 histopathologically confirmed benign inflammatory breast lesions were analysed by the FDA-approved AI programme (Koios Decision Support) using 2 orthogonal projections. The lesions' probability of malignancy based on AI and BI-RADS categories of the lesion based on initial US interpretations were recorded. Categories obtained by both systems were divided into 2 groups as unsuspicious and suspicious in terms of malignancy and compared statistically. Reliability of AI was also evaluated. Results: No statistically significant difference was found in the lesions' likelihood of malignancy based on the AI and initial US interpretations (P = .512). Additionally, a positive and substantial association (τ-b = 0.458, P < .001) between the levels of suspicion by AI and the initial US interpretation reports was discovered, as per Kendall-b correlation analysis. With a Cronbach alpha correlation coefficient of 0.727, the reliability was high for AI. Conclusions: Benign inflammatory breast lesions may show suspicious appearances in terms of malignancy with US and AI. Artificial intelligence produces results comparable to radiologists' US reports for benign inflammatory diseases

    Modeling tumor growth using fractal calculus: Insights into tumor dynamics

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    Important concepts like fractal calculus and fractal analysis, the sum of squared residuals, and Aikaike's information criterion must be thoroughly understood in order to correctly fit cancer-related data using the proposed models. The fractal growth models employed in this work are classified in three main categories: Sigmoidal growth models (Logistic, Gompertz, and Richards models), Power Law growth model, and Exponential growth models (Exponential and Exponential-Lineal models)”. We fitted the data, computed the sum of squared residuals, and determined Aikaike's information criteria using Matlab and the web tool WebPlotDigitizer. In addition, the research investigates “double-size cancer” in the fractal temporal dimension with respect to various mathematical models

    Promoting photo-fenton catalytic performance of novel NiZrO3-type perovskite: Optimization with response surface methodology

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    Perovskite type NiZrO3 photocatalysts were synthesized by ball-mill technique and used for tetracycline (TC) degradation. NiZrO3 milled for 6 h (NiZrO3-6h) had significant-99 % photo-Fenton catalytic activity on TC removal It was determined that the characteristic peaks of NiZrO3 with XRD, spherical shaped structures with SEM, no organic peaks in the structure with FTIR, band gap of 4.40 eV with DRS and stable colloids with zeta potential. Response surface methodology (RSM) including Box-Behnken design (BBD) was applied to examine H2O2, Fe2+ and initial TC concentration effects on degradation and it was observed that H2O2 concentration had the highest effect on TC degradation. The photocatalytic efficacy of NiZrO3 could still eliminate 78 % of initial antibiotic molecules after eight-cycle. The application potential for Photo-Fenton assisted NiZrO3-6h was also observed in the degradation of other organic pollutants such as drugs (salicylic acid, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin) and dye (methylene blue, rhodamine-b, orange-II, malachite green, crystal violet). It suggests that the mechanochemically synthesized NiZrO3-6h perovskite could be suitable for its effective use in the photo-Fenton catalytic system

    Biowaste valorization into valuable nanomaterials: Synthesis of green carbon nanodots and anode material for lithium-ion batteries from watermelon seeds

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    In this study, a solid biowaste watermelon seed is introduced for the first time as an alternative precursor for the production of fluorescent carbon nanodots and nanostructured activated carbon. Firstly, the seeds are carburized and then activated by using KOH after the ball milling process. The activated carbon is used as anode material in lithium-ion batteries and exhibits ∼360 mAh g − 1 capacity after the 200th cycle, with a coulombic efficiency of 98%. Additionally, carbon dots are fabricated by hydrothermally treating carburized seeds at different conditions. The obtained carbon dots show a remarkable fluorescence effect at 458 nm (when excited at 365 nm) and have the potential to be used in biomedical applications. The results show that by means of proper material selection and process design, low carbon footprint nanomaterials suitable for use in various applications can be synthesized successfully from organic wastes.Biruni University ; Konya Selçuk University ; İstanbul Medipol Universit

    Oncolytic viruses improve cancer immunotherapy by reprogramming solid tumor microenvironment

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    Immunotherapies using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy have achieved successful results against several types of human tumors, particularly hematological malignancies. However, their clinical results for the treatment of solid tumors remain poor and unsatisfactory. The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role by interfering with intratumoral T-cell infiltration, promoting effector T-cell exhaustion, upregulating inhibitory molecules, inducing hypoxia, and so on. Oncolytic viruses are an encouraging biocarrier that could be used in both natural and genetically engineered platforms to induce oncolysis in a targeted manner. Oncolytic virotherapy (OV) contributes to the reprogramming of the TME, thus synergizing the functional effects of current ICIs and CAR T-cell therapy to overcome resistant barriers in solid tumors. Here, we summarize the TME-related inhibitory factors affecting the therapeutic outcomes of ICIs and CAR T cells and discuss the potential of OV-based approaches to alleviate these barriers and improve future therapies for advanced solid tumors

    Empathy increases warmth toward Syrian and Afghans, but not Ukrainians: Experimental evidence from Türkiye

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    Previous research has documented that economic concerns might limit the positive impact of empathy in reducing prejudicial attitudes toward refugees in Türkiye. Other research has also shown that religious conservatism might buffer negativity toward refugees. However, there has been no prior research testing whether empathizing with economic hardships would increase positivity toward refugees. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of empathy by leading individuals to adopt the perspective of those experiencing the detrimental effects of resource scarcity among Turkish citizens. Specifically, we examined whether inducing empathy related to resource scarcity would increase the level of warmth felt toward Syrian, Afghan, and Ukrainian refugees, while considering the moderating roles of religiosity and conservatism in this relationship. The present study employed a between-subjects design experiment wherein participants were randomly assigned to either the control group (n = 131) or the experimental group (n = 110). The results showed that participants in the experimental group reported higher levels of warmth toward Syrians and Afghans but not toward Ukrainians when compared to the control group. Moreover, there were significant moderator roles for religiosity and conservatism in the link between induced empathy and warmth toward Syrians. Specifically, the present findings demonstrate that higher levels of religiosity and conservatism positively predict the association between empathy induction and higher levels of warmth toward Syrians but not toward Ukrainians and Afghans. Overall, these results suggest that empathizing with the scarcity of resources might be an effective approach to reducing negative attitudes toward Afghan and Syrian refugees, but it may not have the same impact on Ukrainians in the Turkish cultural context. Furthermore, these findings indicate that higher levels of conservatism and religiosity can contribute to a positive impact of empathy toward Syrians

    Cog graft, a new septal extension graft for designing nasal tip rotation and projection in rhinoplasty

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    Background: Adjusting the nasal tip rotation and tip projection according to the patient's face and wishes is a very important stage in rhinoplasty with the use of a cog graft positioning the tip point in the appropriate place is possible by adjusting the nose length, tip projection and tip rotation together. Objective: The aim of this study is to facilitate positioning the tip rotation and projection in the appropriate place according to the patient's needs in rhinoplasty with Cog graft. Materials and methods: Cog graft was applied in 32 patients who underwent rhinoplasty. Cog graft was prepared from costal cartilage in 10 patients and from septal cartilage in 22 patients. Cog graft was prepared by shaping the superior edge of the septal extension graft like a gear wheel. It is fixed to provide desired projection to the caudal septum. In the position where rotation and projection are evaluated adequately, the graft is fixed with sutures. They were followed in average 18 months (between 6 and 24 months). Results: Twenty of the patients were primary cases and 12 were revision cases. The targeted rotation and projection results were achieved in all patients. All patients had satisfactory esthetic results. Conclusions: Cog graft is a useful graft with which we can adjust the nose length, projection and rotation appropriately and in a short time with a single graft

    Multiple mask and boundary scoring R-CNN with cGAN data augmentation for bladder tumor segmentation in WLC videos

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    Automatic diagnosis systems capable of handling multiple pathologies are essential in clinical practice. This study focuses on enhancing precise lesion localization, classification and delineation in transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) to reduce cancer recurrence. Despite deep learning models success, medical applications face challenges like small and limited datasets and poor image characterization, including the absence lack of color/texture modeling. To address these issues, three solutions are proposed: (1) an improved texture-constrained version of the pix2pixHD cGAN for data augmentation, addressing the tradeoff of generating high-quality images with enough stochasticity using the Fréchet Inception Distance (FID) measure. (2) Introducing the Multiple Mask and Boundary Scoring R-CNN (MM&BS R-CNN), a new mask sub-net scheme where multiple masks are generated from the different levels of the mask sub-net pipeline, improving segmentation accuracy by including a new scoring module to refine object boundaries. (3) A novel accelerated training strategy based on the SGD optimizer with the second momentum. Experimental results show significant mAP improvements: the data generation scheme improves by more than 12 %; MM&BS R-CNN proposed architecture is responsible for an improvement of about 1.25 %, and the training algorithm based on the second-order momentum increases mAP by 2–3 %. The simultaneous use of all three proposals improved the state-of-the-art mAP by 17.44 %.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia ; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superio

    Poor reactivity of posterior electroencephalographic alpha rhythms during the eyes open condition in patients with dementia due to Parkinson's disease

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    Here, we hypothesized that the reactivity of posterior resting-state electroencephalographic (rsEEG) alpha rhythms during the transition from eyes-closed to -open condition might be lower in patients with Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) than in patients with Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD). A Eurasian database provided clinical-demographic-rsEEG datasets in 73 PDD patients, 35 ADD patients, and 25 matched cognitively unimpaired (Healthy) persons. The eLORETA freeware was used to estimate cortical rsEEG sources. Results showed substantial (greater than −10%) reduction (reactivity) in the posterior alpha source activities from the eyes-closed to the eyes-open condition in 88% of the Healthy seniors, 57% of the ADD patients, and only 35% of the PDD patients. In these alpha-reactive participants, there was lower reactivity in the parietal alpha source activities in the PDD group than in the healthy control seniors and the ADD patients. These results suggest that PDD patients show poor reactivity of mechanisms desynchronizing posterior rsEEG alpha rhythms in response to visual inputs. That neurophysiological biomarker may provide an endpoint for (non) pharmacological interventions for improving vigilance regulation in those patients.European Consortium of Dementia ; IRCCS San Raffaele Rome ; World Medical Association ; Ministero della Salute ; Sapienza Università di Rom

    Evaluating the impact of aerobic and resistance green exercises on the fitness, aerobic and intrinsic capacity of older individuals

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    Objective: Our study determined the impact of 12-week aerobic exercise (AE) and aerobic + resistance exercises (AE + RE) within the green exercise concept, on senior fitness, aerobic capacity, and intrinsic capacity (IC). Methods: The study was a multicenter, randomized controlled study conducted at two senior living facilities with individuals aged 65 and above whose cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal conditions are suitable for moderate exercise and who have normal cognition levels. Block randomization was applied to 96 participants in a ratio of 1:1:1 to be assigned to AE, AE + RE, and control (C) groups. Intervention groups received exercise sessions led by physiotherapists within the senior living facilitiy gardens, with a frequency of once a week for 50 min, for 12 weeks. Also, they were prescribed additional exercise sessions on two additional days of the week. At the commencement of the study and 12th week, shuttle walking test, senior fitness test (SFT), intrinsic capacity assessment (with Timed Up and Go test, Mini Mental State Examination, Geriatric Depression Scale-15, Mini Nutritional Assessment, handgrip strength test) was conducted of all participants. The primary outcome was the Z score of IC, secondary outcomes were VO2max and SFT subparameters. The study was registered in the Protocol Registry and Results System (Clinicaltrials.gov PRS) with the registration number NCT05958745. Results: 90 participants successfully completed the study, with 30 individuals in each of the AE, AE + RE, and C groups. By the end of the 12th week, the arm curl score was significantly higher in the AE + RE compared to the C (mean difference: 3.96, 95 % CI= 2.47 to 5.46, p = 0.01). There were significant differences in chair stand, two-minute step, 8-foot up-and-go, chair sit and reach, and back scratch tests in both AE and AE + RE compared to C. AE and AE + RE exhibited significantly higher shuttle test distances and VO2max values compared to the C (p < 0.0001). AE + RE achieved a significantly higher total IC score than the C (mean difference: 0.59, %95 CI= -0.07 to 1.26, p = 0.025). Conclusion: In this study within the green exercise concept, both AE and AE + RE led to similar improvements in strength, flexibility, mobility, endurance, and aerobic capacity. Notably, AE + RE demonstrated an additional benefit by increasing the total IC, while AE alone did not exhibit the same effect.Ministry of Family and Social Service
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