TRIP GENERATION MODEL FOR PEDESTRIANS BASED ON NHTS 2001

Since non-motorized transportation has been excluded from the main stream of the general transportation planning, there is no standard technique for estimating non-motorized transportation demand. This thesis aims to develop a trip generation model for pedestrians. This research uses Poisson regression to model as walk trips can be regarded as event counts. The National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) 2001 is the primary source of data used, supplemented by MD Property View data. At the individual level, regression models for general walk trips and walk trips to work are estimated. Then, the walk trips to work are validated by Census data at the tract level. Finally, using that walk trips to work have similar tendency to total walk trips, this thesis estimates the number of total pedestrians a day for 506 tracts in Baltimore metropolitan region

Gathering individual travel data with GPS-enabled smartphones : a proof-of-concept study

Policies aimed at Traffic Demand Management (TDM) rely heavily on the gathering of accurate individual level activity and travel data to understand and unpack the demand for transport. Moreover, self-report based data collection methods face problems such as a high-respondent burden and inaccuracies in the number and duration of the reported trips. On that account, this paper presents ongoing research to assess the reliability and feasibility of passively collecting high resolution spatiotemporal data on activity and travel behaviour using GPS-enabled smartphones. A small-scale pilot study was conducted in which respondents from the University of Stellenbosch, South Africa, were passively tracked for the course of two days by means of a purposefully designed smartphone application, termed TrackLog. The results of the small experiment indicate that while GPS technology in smartphones potentially holds a number of benefits for collecting activity and travel data, the technology is not without problems. This project has highlighted that these problems can be classified as: (1) user, (2) technology, and (3) methodology related problems. Notwithstanding these problems, the results indicate that gathering high resolution space-time data by means of GPS-enabled smartphones is feasible and that it opens doors to a range of possible applications that are unattainable by traditional survey methods.Paper presented at the 34th Annual Southern African Transport Conference 6-9 July 2015 "Working Together to Deliver - Sakha Sonke", CSIR International Convention Centre, Pretoria, South Africa.The Minister of Transport, South AfricaTransportation Research Board of the US

Modeling and Simulation of Hill Side Feasibility with GIS

Hill Side development has always been a sensitive issue to a development, especially when it involves the public. In Malaysia, the problems and solutions to a sustainable hill side development has been largely discussed over the years while in geotechnical aspect, it is a never ending discussion. Engineering investigations is hard to be predicted and carried out especially at hilly area that is often hard to be reached. Thus, engineering feasibility studies are hard to be carried out and indirectly, it will certainly minimize its accuracy and most often, it is very much dependent on the engineers experience in making feasibility decisio-i. This paper presents an integrated system to improve Hill Side feasibility by modeling and simulation with GIS, the modeling involves, Land Elevation and Land gradients plotting for Hill Land identification and Hydrological mapping in Flow Directions Flow Length and flow accumulation to identify the hydrological effects on the development. The transformation techniques of data into GIS base are Modeled and Simulated. A full and clearer development outlook has been presented. Data from different factors that affecting development is combined and of course in this project, we are focusing on few selected parameters mentioned. Techniques and difficulties of modeling and simulation with a large database are discussed. A user-friendly interface is developed t) support the planning, management and decision making in the development

Shifting to low-carbon transport in ASEAN:policy development in a rapidly motorising region

This thesis analyses how transport policy at different levels of governance is responding to sustainability challenges and how such policies can be strengthened, particularly for climate change mitigation in the ASEAN region. Its academic contribution comprises the application of transition studies and policy studies to low-carbon transport and sustainable development. The main conclusions are: 1) The Avoid – Shift – Improve approach needs to be expanded with Access, Lifestyle and Transition considerations in order to be an effective framework that does justice to the distributional, systemic and behavioural aspects of low-carbon transport policy; 2) The newer international climate instruments, such as NAMAs, NDCs and the GCF, show more potential than the Kyoto Protocol instruments to promote sustainable, low-carbon transport, as they are better aligned to national circumstances and better suited to address the barriers that developing country policymakers face; 3) ASEAN instruments around transport focus on policy cooperation and reflect ‘networked regionalism’. Sustainable transport has played a relatively small role in ASEAN cooperation but this role is growing, and a range of ‘soft’ measures can be used to further promote low-carbon transport in its member countries; 4) At the national level, transport policy objectives support international sustainable development and climate goals, however the instruments, mechanisms and calibrations need to be strengthened to reach those objectives. Climate change has, in a few cases, led to policy windows for modifying transport policy; 5) At the local level, Southeast Asian cities such as Bangkok and Manila increasingly recognise the potential and benefits of cycling, yet much remains to be done in policy and planning to move cycling beyond a niche activity. _______________________________________

Joint Optimization for Pedestrian, Information and Energy Flows in Emergency Response Systems With Energy Harvesting and Energy Sharing

The rapid progress in informatisation and electrification in transportation has gradually transferred public transport junctions such as metro stations into the nexus of pedestrian flows, information flows, computation flows and energy flows. These smart environments that are efficient in handling large volume passenger flows in routine circumstances can become even more vulnerable during emergency situations and amplify the losses in lives and property owing to power outage triggered service degradation and destructive crowed behaviours. On the bright side, the increasingly abundant resources contained in smart environments have enlarged the optimisation space of an evacuation process, yet little research has concentrated on the joint optimal resource allocation between transportation infrastructures and pedestrians. Hence, in the paper, we propose a queueing network based resource allocation model to comprehensively optimise various types of resources during emergency evacuations. Experiments are conducted in a simulated metro station environment with realistic settings. The simulation results show that the proposed model can considerably improve the evacuation efficiency as well as the robustness of the emergency response system during emergency situations

Making Way for the Car: Minimum Parking Requirements and Porirua City Centre

Minimum parking requirements (MPRs) mandate that each new development provides enough parking to ensure ample provision at the time of peak demand. This approach tends to oversupply parking above the optimal level, and by bundling parking into the development costs, ensures that parking is free to the user. As a result, land-use and transport decisions are distorted. A case study of Porirua central business district (CBD) was undertaken to investigate the use of MPRs in the New Zealand context, and to assess their impacts on transport and land-use patterns. Findings indicate that MPRs tend to oversupply parking relative to weekly mean and peak occupancies. Land use mapping found that 24 percent of CBD land is allocated to car parking and MPRs were shown to contribute to dispersed development patterns. Stated choice data and a cost recovery model for car parking highlight how free and ample car parking provision favours car driving and has distortionary impacts on travel decisions

Estimating the Emission Reduction Potential of Australian Transport

Abstract: The Australian Low Carbon Transport Forum (ALCTF) – initiated by ARRB Group, BITRE and CSIRO – was organised to gather knowledge on possible options for transport emission abatement, with the participation of a diverse range of government, industry, academic and other research organisations. The ALCTF aimed: to generate a list of options with the potential to significantly improve the efficiency of the Australian transport sector; identify the possible magnitude of greenhouse gas emission reductions for each option, both individually and when combined; examine challenges to achieving the options’ full potential and investigate any uncertainties, especially concerning their likely effectiveness. This interdisciplinary study analysed a wide range of emission abatement prospects, covering vehicle and fuel technologies, infrastructure improvements and land-use planning, travel demand management, mode shifts and other behavioural change. A novel aggregation process was developed, to estimate the maximal potential reduction, by 2050, from a full package of measures acting together – with the results demonstrating that large reductions in currently projected greenhouse gas emission levels should be technically feasible, even with increasing population, without sacrificing access to transport services. Citation: Cosgrove, D., Gargett, D., Evans, C. & Graham, P. (2014). Estimating the Emission Reduction Potential of Australian Transport. In: Campbell P. and Perez P. (Eds), Proceedings of the International Symposium of Next Generation Infrastructure, 1-4 October 2013, SMART Infrastructure Facility, University of Wollongong, Australia

Why a Cycling Strategy on its own will NOT Increase Cycling

With the recent shift in Government transport policy, more and more local councils are developing cycling strategies for their districts. However, a significant increase in cycling is not likely if such strategies are implemented in isolation from other council policies and actions. This is particularly a concern in locations where it appears that "providing for cyclists" is being interpreted as just "providing cycle facilities". A number of existing cycling strategies have certainly been fairly limited in both their scope of cycling-specific issues (such as education and promotion) and in their actual implementation. However, to really encourage more cycling, councils also need to seriously review and implement other "sustainable transport-friendly" policies for land use planning, speed limits, general road construction and maintenance, parks & reserves planning, travel demand management, traffic calming, and parking management, to name but a few. This paper discusses some of the pitfalls observed in local council cycling strategies and policies to date. It also identifies other policy areas that have an impact on cycling and suggests practical ways that councils can truly make a difference to encouraging more cycling