485 research outputs found
Optical fibre nanowire technology and applications
A review of optical fibre nanowires and their applications is presented
A MEMS electrostatic particle transportation system
We demonstrate here an electrostatic MEMS system
capable of transporting particles 5-10ÎĽm in diameter in
air. This system consists of 3-phase electrode arrays
covered by insulators (Figs. 1, 2). Extensive testing of
this system has been done using a variety of insulation
materials (silicon nitride, photoresist, and Teflon),
thickness (0- 12ÎĽm), particle sizes (1-10ÎĽm), particle
materials (metal, glass, polystyrene, spores, etc),
waveforms, frequencies, and voltages. Although
previous literature [1-2] claimed it impractical to
electrostatically transport particles with sizes 5-10ÎĽm
due to complex surface forces, this effort actually
shows it feasible (as high as 90% efficiency) with the
optimal combination of insulation thickness, electrode
geometry, and insulation material. Moreover, we suggest a qualitative theory for our particle transportation system which is consistent with our data and finite-element electrostatic simulations
Fast acoustic tweezers for the two-dimensional manipulation of individual particles in microfluidic channels
This paper presents a microfluidic device that implements standing surface
acoustic waves in order to handle single cells, droplets, and generally
particles. The particles are moved in a very controlled manner by the
two-dimensional drifting of a standing wave array, using a slight frequency
modulation of two ultrasound emitters around their resonance. These acoustic
tweezers allow any type of motion at velocities up to few 10mm/s, while the
device transparency is adapted for optical studies. The possibility of
automation provides a critical step in the development of lab-on-a-chip cell
sorters and it should find applications in biology, chemistry, and engineering
domains
Advances in Small Particle Handling of Astromaterials in Preparation for OSIRIS-REx and Hayabusa2: Initial Developments
The Astromaterials Acquisition and Curation office at NASA Johnson Space Center has established an Advanced Curation program that is tasked with developing procedures, technologies, and data sets necessary for the curation of future astromaterials collections as envisioned by NASA exploration goals. One particular objective of the Advanced Curation program is the development of new methods for the collection, storage, handling and characterization of small (less than 100 micrometer) particles. Astromaterials Curation currently maintains four small particle collections: Cosmic Dust that has been collected in Earth's stratosphere by ER2 and WB-57 aircraft, Comet 81P/Wild 2 dust returned by NASA's Stardust spacecraft, interstellar dust that was returned by Stardust, and asteroid Itokawa particles that were returned by the JAXA's Hayabusa spacecraft. NASA Curation is currently preparing for the anticipated return of two new astromaterials collections - asteroid Ryugu regolith to be collected by Hayabusa2 spacecraft in 2021 (samples will be provided by JAXA as part of an international agreement), and asteroid Bennu regolith to be collected by the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft and returned in 2023. A substantial portion of these returned samples are expected to consist of small particle components, and mission requirements necessitate the development of new processing tools and methods in order to maximize the scientific yield from these valuable acquisitions. Here we describe initial progress towards the development of applicable sample handling methods for the successful curation of future small particle collections
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The generation of multi-laminar reagent streams for rapid, sequential (bio)chemical reactions on magnetic particles in a continuous flow microreactor
This paper was presented at the 2nd Micro and Nano Flows Conference (MNF2009), which was held at Brunel University, West London, UK. The conference was organised by Brunel University and supported by the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, IPEM, the Italian Union of Thermofluid dynamics, the Process Intensification Network, HEXAG - the Heat Exchange Action Group and the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications.We demonstrate a versatile microfluidic system for performing rapid, consecutive (bio)chemical reactions in continuous flow. Surface-functionalised magnetic microparticles are introduced into a chamber
and pulled, via a magnet, across a series of laminar flow streams containing different reagents, thus performing multiple sequential reactions on the particles’ surface. Such a continuous flow method eliminates many of the inefficiencies associated with batch techniques, such as the time-consuming, laborious sequential reaction and washing steps, to yield a system that can perform analyses far more rapidly and with less reagent volume than conventional methods. This innovative device has been applied to a two-reaction step mouse IgG sandwich immunoassay and one- and two-reaction step DNA hybridisation assays, all of which were completed within one minute. These results pave the way for a multi-purpose microreactor that can perform a variety of analytical and synthetic processes.This study is funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)
Exobiology and life science
The following types of experiments for a proposed Space Station Microgravity Particle Research Facility are described: (1) biogenic elements in the interstellar medium; (2) organic material in the solar nebula; (3) volatiles in comets and icy planetesimals; (4) pre-biotic atmospheric chemistry; (5) analysis of cosmic dust particles; and (6) microbial exposure. The required capabilities and desired hardware for the facility are detailed
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