35,587 research outputs found
Extreme nonlocality with one photon
Quantum nonlocality is typically assigned to systems of two or more well
separated particles, but nonlocality can also exist in systems consisting of
just a single particle, when one considers the subsystems to be distant spatial
field modes. Single particle nonlocality has been confirmed experimentally via
a bipartite Bell inequality. In this paper, we introduce an N-party Hardy-like
proof of impossibility of local elements of reality and a Bell inequality for
local realistic theories for a single particle superposed symmetrical over N
spatial field modes (i.e. a N qubit W state). We show that, in the limit of
large N, the Hardy-like proof effectively becomes an all-versus nothing (or
GHZ-like) proof, and the quantum-classical gap of the Bell inequality tends to
be same of the one in a three-particle GHZ experiment. We detail how to test
the nonlocality in realistic systems.Comment: 11 single column pages, 2 figures; v3 now includes a Bell inequality
in addition to the results in the previous versio
Nonlinear optics with less than one photon
We demonstrate suppression and enhancement of spontaneous parametric down-
conversion via quantum interference with two weak fields from a local
oscillator (LO). Pairs of LO photons are observed to upconvert with high
efficiency for appropriate phase settings, exhibiting an effective nonlinearity
enhanced by at least 10 orders of magnitude. This constitutes a two-photon
switch, and promises to be useful for a variety of nonlinear optical effects at
the quantum level.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure
On the Quantum Mechanics for One Photon
This paper revisits the quantum mechanics for one photon from the modern
viewpoint and by the geometrical method. Especially, besides the ordinary
(rectangular) momentum representation, we provide an explicit derivation for
the other two important representations, called the cylindrically symmetrical
representation and the spherically symmetrical representation, respectively.
These other two representations are relevant to some current photon experiments
in quantum optics. In addition, the latter is useful for us to extract the
information on the quantized black holes. The framework and approach presented
here are also applicable to other particles with arbitrary mass and spin, such
as the particle with spin 1/2.Comment: 15 pages, typos corrected, references added, corrections and
improvements made owing to the anonymous referee's responsible and helpful
remarks, accepted for publication in Journal of Mathematical Physics:
Detuning effects in the one-photon mazer
The quantum theory of the mazer in the non-resonant case (a detuning between
the cavity mode and the atomic transition frequencies is present) is written.
The generalization from the resonant case is far from being direct. Interesting
effects of the mazer physics are pointed out. In particular, it is shown that
the cavity may slow down or speed up the atoms according to the sign of the
detuning and that the induced emission process may be completely blocked by use
of a positive detuning. It is also shown that the detuning adds a potential
step effect not present at resonance and that the use of positive detunings
defines a well-controlled cooling mechanism. In the special case of a mesa
cavity mode function, generalized expressions for the reflection and
transmission coefficients have been obtained. The general properties of the
induced emission probability are finally discussed in the hot, intermediate and
cold atom regimes. Comparison with the resonant case is given.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figure
On the Localization of One-Photon States
Single photon states with arbitrarily fast asymptotic power-law fall-off of
energy density and photodetection rate are explicitly constructed. This goes
beyond the recently discovered tenth power-law of the Hellwarth-Nouchi photon
which itself superseded the long-standing seventh power-law of the Amrein
photon.Comment: 7 pages, tex, no figure
The elastic electron-deuteron scattering beyond one-photon exchange
We discuss the elastic ed scattering beyond Born approximation. It is shown
that the reaction amplitude contains six generalized form factors, but only
three linearly independent combinations of them (we call them generalized
charge, quadrupole and magnetic form factors) contribute to the reaction cross
section in the second order perturbation theory. We examine two-photon exchange
and find that it includes two types of diagrams, when two virtual photons
interact with the same nucleon and when the photons interact with different
nucleons. Estimations based on nonrelativistic calculations with the deuteron
wave function for realistic NN potential show that the main contribution to the
generalized charge, quadrupole and magnetic form factors comes from diagrams of
the first type.Comment: v2, published version in PR
Comment on "Detuning effects in the one-photon mazer"
In a recent work, Bastin and Martin (B-M) [Phys. Rev. A 67, 053804 (2003)]
have analyzed the quantum theory of the mazer in the off-resonant case.
However, our analysis of this case refutes their claim by showing that their
evaluation of the coupled equations for the off-resonant case is not
satisfactory. The correct expression can be obtained by applying an appropriate
formulae for the involved dressed-state parameters.Comment: 4 page
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