Pengaruh Tumpangsari Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Panen Jarak Pagar (Jatropha Curcas L.) Hasil Rehabilitasi [the Effect of Intercropping on Growth and Yield of Rehabilitated of Physic Nut (Jatropha Curcas L.)]

A research to study the effect of intercropping on rehabilitated of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) was conducted in Muktiharjo Research Station, Pati, Central of Java, from January to December 2010. Plant materials were physic nut rehabilitated by grafting of main branch with IP-2A (1 year old) and intercrops (peanut, soybean, mungbean and sesame). The experiment arranged in randomized block design with 6 replications. The treatments were: 1) intercropping peanut + physic nut, 2) intercropping soybean + physic nut, 3) intercropping mungbean + physic nut, 4) intercropping sesame + physic nut, and 5) physic nut monoculture. Plot size was 8 m x 8 m, plant distance of physic nut 2 m x 2 m, and plant distance for peanut, soybean and mungbean were 25 cm x 25 cm and sesame was 50 cm x 25 cm. The result showed that jatropha seed yield on intercropping physic nut with soybean (980.05 kg/ha) and mungbean (974.22 kg/ha) were not significantly different from physic nut monoculture (1,094.84 kg/ha). Crop that appropriate for intercropped with rehabilitated physic nut (second year) were soybean and mungbean

Estimation of the Economic Efficiency of Cashew Nut Production in Benin

This study contributes to the debate regarding the competitiveness of developing countries in the context of globalization. To take advantage of this trend, developing countries will have to position themselves properly through new policies and efficiency in production. In Benin, new orientation of agricultural policy concerns the diversification of exported products. Therefore, and due to the decrease of international price of cotton which represents the main exported crop, cashew nut, the second exported crop by Benin, becomes more interesting for government policy. The study quantified cashew nut production farmers’ efficiency using a stochastic production frontier and a cost function combined with numerical classification. Primary data were collected from a stratified random sample of 262 farmers in Benin. Using numerical classification, we distinguished three classes from cashew nut producers with an average plantation area of 3.6; 8.9 and 20 hectares. The results showed that scale effect was absent because larger farmers were not more efficient than the small ones. Results also revealed significant inefficient of input use in cashew nut production in Benin. Yet, about 39 % and 61 % of the cashew nuts’ farmers were technically and economically inefficient, respectively, indicating that farmers could increase output and households income through better use of available resources. The study also revealed that the farmers who were technically and economically inefficient have less experience in of cashew nut production, less contact with the extension structure and are not member of a farmers’ association.Benin, efficiency analysis, exported products, cashew nut, policy, Crop Production/Industries,

Why Are There So Few Insect Predators of Nuts of American Beech \u3ci\u3e(Fagus Grandifolia)?\u3c/i\u3e

American beech, Fagus grandifolia Ehrh., is a common nut-bearing tree of eastern North America. Compared to other North American nut-bearing tree species of comparable geographic range, the nut-infesting insect fauna of American beech is species-poor: only the filbertworn, Cydia latiferreana (Wlsm.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), infests nuts of American beech. Why are there so few insect predators of nuts of American beech? Using data from published studies, I explore two hypotheses that may help to explain the species-poor nut-infesting insect fauna of American beech. First, might chemical defense of beechnuts, and/ or low nutritional value, restrict the number of insect predators that can exploit this food resource (unprofitable resource hypothesis)? Second, may spatial and temporal variability of beechnut mast crops limit colonization by nut-infesting insects because of the unpredictability of the resource (unpredictable resource hypothesis)? I found no strong evidence to suggest that chemical defense or low nutritional value was associated with the species-poor nut-infesting insect fauna of American beech. Yearly variability in nut crop size alone did not explain the low species richness of American beech compared to other tree species. Instead, I suggest that spatial and temporal unpredictability in production of sound versus incomplete beechnuts was an effective filter that limited colonization of beechnuts by insects. Moreover, the lone insect species able to successfully colonize beechnuts, C. latiferreana, is well adapted to resource unpredictability. Unlike specialist insect species that infest nuts of only 1 or 2 North American tree genera, C. latiferreana has a relatively broad host range and its mobile larvae can relocate to new resources when faced with food shortages

Plant remains from Middle Bronze Age round houses in north Cork

.pdf file with report describing analysis of archaeobotanical material from Ballynamona 2 and Mitchelstown 1 in north Cork, Irelan

The impact of climate on radial growth and nut production of Persian walnut ( Juglans regia L.) in Southern Kyrgyzstan

This dendroecological study used time series of climate and radial growth and nut production of Juglans regia to investigate the relationships between these parameters. More than 200 trees growing at sites of different altitude, aspect, inclination and human impact intensity were sampled in walnut-fruit forests of the Jalal Abad region in Southern Kyrgyzstan. Tree rings were dated and ring widths measured. Wide and narrow tree rings, so called positive and negative pointer years, could be explained by climatic events. The mean annual increment differed significantly in different regions and altitudes. The highest values could be found in plantations and at higher altitudes (1,700-2,000m a.s.l.). Analysing the relationships between nut crop yields and annual increment, we found a significantly positive correlation between nut crop of the current year (x) and ring width of the previous year (x−1). This relationship is influenced by climatic conditions, and may change in the future if climatic conditions in the region will change. Our study shows that Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) of South Kyrgyzstan can be used in dendrochronological studies, and illustrates the influence of site conditions and management practices on radial growth of this tree specie

The Conversion of Diamond Walnut Growers

Three aspects of property rights theory are particularly relevant to the conversion of the walnut-marketing cooperative, Diamond Walnut Growers (DWG), into a publicly traded stockholder-owned corporation. The horizon problem became apparent when DWG began investing heavily in branded, value-added products. The resulting need for additional member capital raised the free rider problem. The principal-agent problem was also relevant, given the increasing complexity of DWG’s financing and marketing activities. An additional economic issue surrounding the conversion was the monopsonistic situation created when members signed long-term marketing agreements with the new firm that was maximizing shareholder value, rather than grower returns.Agribusiness, Crop Production/Industries,

The macroeconomic cost of catastrophic pollinator declines

We develop a computable general equilibrium (CGE) approach to assess the macroeconomic impacts of productivity shocks due to catastrophic losses of pollination ecosystem services at global and regional scales. In most regions, producers of pollinator dependent crops end up benefiting because direct output losses are outweighed by increased prices, while non-agricultural sectors experience large adverse indirect impacts, resulting in overall losses whose magnitudes vary substantially. By comparison, partial equilibrium analyses tend to overstate the costs to agricultural producers, understate aggregate economy-wide losses, and overstate the impacts on consumers' welfare. Our results suggest an upper bound on global willingness to pay for agricultural pollination services of $127–$152 billion

District agricultural outlook

Federal Reserve District, 12th ; Agriculture - West

Agroforestry in Switzerland - a non-CAP european country

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