New Approach In Modifying Quenching Processes Based On Possibility Of Controlling Steel's Surface Temperature By Insulating Layer

In the paper is shown a possibility to govern surface temperature of steel parts during quenching by controlling the thickness of the insulating layer. That results in developing the new quenching technologies like austempering process via cold liquids. The investigations were performed with a low concentration of the polyethylene in cold water using 20 mm cylindrical probe instrumented with two thermocouples. It is established that with the increase concentration of polyoxyethylene in cold water (beginning from 0.001 %) different heat transfer modes are observed resulting in the elimination of film boiling process at 0.001 % concentration, increasing surface temperature of probe during self – regulated thermal process, periodical changing of heat flux densities, slow cooling of surface temperature like in oil when concentration reaches 1 % polyoxyethylene in water, and so on. It is underlined that low concentration of polyoxyethylene in water can serve as an excellent quenchant for accelerated and uniform cooling of steel parts decreasing by this way the cost of a coolant. In this case accelerated cooling should be interrupted at proper time to provide optimal hardened layer afterr quenching. Such approach guarantees increasing service life of steel parts after accelerated cooling with the significant decrease of their cost and eliminates carburization process, The technology can be used for hardening large steel parts like large wind mill gears, large bearing rings, etc

New Approach to Solve Some Problems in Undergraduate Education of Chemical Engineering Students

The present short paper is an attempt in the direction of understanding the learning problems of undergraduate students. Sample of chemical engineering students was selected to perform a simple exam test. The test was divided into four steps. Closed book - individual student, Closed book - cooperative students, Open book - cooperative students, and Exam completion steps. Questionnaire was carried out to obtain the research results. It was found that a large percentage of the students are not studying carefully, the studying method was shallow and depend only on reading ready printed lectures. The results compared with previous exam results. Current test improved the performance of students. The novelty of present work represented by applying a new teaching method in colleges of engineering in Iraq. This short paper also proved that the methods of teaching not restricted to social and humanity studies. paper is an attempt in the direction of understanding the learning problems of undergraduate students. Sample of chemical engineering students was selected to perform a simple exam test. The test was divided into four steps. Closed book - individual student, Closed book - cooperative students, Open book - cooperative students, and Exam completion steps. Questionnaire was carried out to obtain the research results. It was found that a large percentage of the students are not studying carefully, the studying method was shallow and depend only on reading ready printed lectures. The results compared with previous exam results. Current test improved the performance of students. The novelty of present work represented by applying a new teaching method in colleges of engineering in Iraq. This short paper also proved that the methods of teaching not restricted to social and humanity studies

A New Approach to In-situ K-Ar Geochronology

The development of an in-situ geochronology capability for Mars and other planetary surfaces has the potential to fundamentally change our understanding of the evolution of terrestrial bodies in the Solar System. For Mars specifically, many of our most basic scientific questions about the geologic history of the planet require knowledge of the absolute time at which an event or process took place on its surface. For instance, what was the age and rate of early Martian climate change recorded in the mineralogy and morphology of surface lithologies (e.g., [1])? In-situ ages from a few select locations within the globally established stratigraphy of Mars would be transformative, enabling us to place direct chronologic constraints on the timing and rates of impact, volcanic, sedimentary, and aqueous processes on the Martian surface

A new approach to measuring competition in the loan markets of the Euro area.

This paper is the first that applies a recently introduced measure of competition, the Boone indicator, to the banking industry. This approach is able to measure competition of bank market segments, such as the loan market, whereas many well-known measures of competition can consider the entire banking market only. A caveat of the Boone-indicator may be that it assumes that banks generally pass on at least part of their efficiency gains to their clients. Like most other model-based measures, this approach ignores differences in bank product quality and design, as well as the attractiveness of innovations. We measure competition on the lending markets in the five major EU countries as well as, for comparison, the UK, the US and Japan. Bearing the mentioned caveats in mind, our findings indicate that over the period 1994-2004 the US had the most competitive loan market, whereas overall loan markets in Germany and Spain were among the best competitive in the EU. The Netherlands occupied a more intermediate position, whereas in Italy competition declined significantly over time. The French, Japanese and UK loan markets were generally less competitive. Turning to competition among specific types of banks, commercial banks tend to be more competitive, particularly in Germany and the US, than savings and cooperative banks.

Translation Revisited: A New Approach

Generally, translation means replacing a text in one language by another text in another language taking into consideration: (1) lexical elements, (2) syntactic structures, (3) semantic elements, (4) pragmatic elements, (5) literary devices and (6) cultural norms. This research is based on this claim in order to give an effective translation similar to that of the original language text. It is hypothesized that an effective translation cannot be achieved only by resorting to the mentioned elements unless the writer\u27s and/or speaker\u27s intentionality is taken into consideration. This paper aims at re-visiting the basic approaches, methods, procedures of translation, and in the light of what is reviewed, a new approach is suggested in order to help translators as well as interpreters achieve their intentions. The basic finding is that an effective translation is based on the intention of the speaker or writer and to whom he is translating

A New Approach To Homothetic Motions and surfaces with Tessarines

This paper is a detailed study on homothetic motions, surfaces and Lie groups by considering the product and addition rules and conjugates of the tessarines which is given according to the arbitrary unit i#8321. To do these, we define a matrix that is similar to Hamilton operators and give some algebraic properties of this matrix. And then, we introduce different the surfaces and different hyperquadrics . Also by using the homothetic motions we give some special subgroups of Lie groups and reparametrize the surfaces nbs

A New Approach of Cryptographic Technique Using Simple ECC ECF

Cryptography is the technique in which usually a file is converted into unreadable format by using public key and private key system called as public key cryptosystem. Then as per the user requirement that file is send to another user for secure data transmission. In this paper we purposed an image based cryptography that Elliptic Curve Function (ECF) techniques and pseudo random encoding technique on images to enhance the security of RFID communication. In the ECF approach, the basic idea is to replace the Elliptic Curve Function (ECF) of the cover image with the Bits of the messages to be hidden without destroying the property of the cover image significantly. The ECF based technique is the most challenging one as it is difficult to differentiate between the cover object and Crypto object if few ECF bits of the cover object are replaced. In Pseudo Random technique, a random key is used as seed for the Pseudo Random Number Generator in needed in the embedding process. Both the techniques used a Crypto key while embedding messages inside the cover image. By using the key, the chance of getting attacked by the attacker is reduced

New Approach of Inter-Cross: An Efficient Multilevel Cache Management Policy

Cache performance has been critical for large scale systems. Until now, many multilevel cache management policies LRU-K, PROMOTE, DEMOTE have been developed but still there is performance issue. Many approaches have been proposed to reduce the gap between different levels such as hint-based multilevel cache. Some approaches like demote or promote are based on the latest cache history information, which is inadequate for applications where there are regular demote and promote operations occur. The major drawback of these policies is selecting a victim. In this paper, the new multilevel cache replacement policy called Inter-cross is implemented to improve the cache performance of a system. The decision of promotion and demotion is based on the block\u27s previous N-step promotion or demotion history and the size and resident time of the block in the cache. Comparative study between inter-cross and existing multilevel policies shows that, existing keeps track on last K references of the block within a last cache level, while inter-cross keeps track of the information of the last K movements of blocks among all the cache levels. Inter-cross algorithms are designed that can efficiently describe the activeness of any blocks in any cache level. Experimental results show that inter-cross achieves better performance compared to existing multilevel cache replacement policies such as LRU-K, PROMOTE, and DEMOTE under different workloads

New Approach to GUTs

We introduce a new string-inspired approach to the subject of grand unification which allows the GUT scale to be small, \lesssim 200 TeV, so that it is within the reach of {\em conceivable} laboratory accelerated colliding beam devices. The key ingredient is a novel use of the heterotic string symmetry group physics ideas to render baryon number violating effects small enough to have escaped detection to date. This part of the approach involves new unknown parameters to be tested experimentally. A possible hint at the existence of these new parameters may already exist in the EW precision data comparisons with the SM expectations.Comment: 8 pages; improved text and references, note added; extended text, 1 figure added; extended text for publication in Eur. Phys. Journal