Assessment of degree of risk from sources of microbial contamination in cleanrooms; 1: Airborne

The degree of risk from microbial contamination of manufactured products by sources of contamination in healthcare cleanrooms has been assessed in a series of three articles. This first article considers airborne sources, and a second article will consider surface contact and liquid sources. A final article will consider all sources and the application of the risk method to a variety of cleanroom designs and manufacturing methods. The assessment of the degree of risk from airborne sources of microbial contamination has been carried out by calculating the number of microbes deposited from the air (NMDA) onto, or into, a product from various sources. A fundamental equation was used that utilises the following variables (risk factors): concentration of source microbes; surface area of product exposed to microbial deposition; ease of microbial dispersion, transmission and deposition from source to product; and time available for deposition. This approach gives an accurate risk assessment, although it is dependent on the quality of the input data. It is a particularly useful method as it calculates the likely rate of product microbial contamination from the various sources of airborne contamination

Evaluation of the efficacy of Alpron disinfectant for dental unit water lines

AIMS: To assess the efficacy of a disinfectant, Alpron, for controlling microbial contamination within dental unit water lines. METHODS: The microbiological quality of water emerging from the triple syringe, high speed handpiece, cup filler and surgery hand wash basin from six dental units was assessed for microbiological total viable counts at 22 degrees C and 37 degrees C before and after treatment with Alpron solutions. RESULTS: The study found that the use of Alpron disinfectant solutions could reduce microbial counts in dental unit water lines to similar levels for drinking water. This effect was maintained in all units for up to six weeks following one course of treatment. In four out of six units the low microbial counts were maintained for 13 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Disinfectants may have a short term role to play in controlling microbial contamination of dental unit water lines to drinking water quality. However, in the longer term attention must be paid to redesigning dental units to discourage the build up of microbial biofilms

Assessment of degree of risk from sources of microbial contamination in cleanrooms; 3: Overall application

A method of calculating the degree of risk of sources of microbial contamination to products manufactured in cleanrooms has been described in two previous articles. The degree of risk was ascertained by calculating the number of microbes deposited (NMD) onto, or into, a product from each source of contamination. The first article considered airborne sources, the second article considered surface and liquid sources, and this final article considers all three sources. The NMD method can be applied to various manufacturing methods and designs of cleanrooms but was illustrated by a vial-filling process in a unidirectional airflow (UDAF) workstation located in a non- UDAF cleanroom. The same example was used in this article to demonstrate how to control the microbial risk, and included the use of a restricted access barrier system. The risk to a patient is not only dependent on microbial contamination of pharmaceutical products during manufacture in cleanrooms and controlled zones but the chance that any microbes deposited in the product will survive and multiply during its shelf life, and this aspect of patient risk is considered

Reduction of microbial dissemination, germicidal activity of ethylene oxide, reduction of microbial contamination on surfaces, evaluation of leakage of microbial contamination from space suits Quarterly summary report no. 7

Measurement techniques for determining microbial contamination from occupied space suit

Comparison of microbial contamination levels on barbac and cotton herringbone twill cloth

Microbial contamination levels on barbac and cotton twill for astronaut isolation garment

Microbial Contamination on Beef Trade in Wet Markets of Lambaro, Sigli, and Meureudu, Aceh Province, Indonesia

Food animal origin such as beef is one of the basic needs for our society. Some cases of disease caused by microbial contaminated livestock product have been reported in Indonesia. It means that food safety has to obtain serious attention. Someefforts byobservationandexamination ofthe number ofmicrobial contaminationon beefin three wet marketswere considered important to assessthe extent ofmicrobial contamination compared with thethresholdset by theIndonesiangovernment throughthe NationalStandards. The results ofbeef sample examinationand assessmentby theVeterinary PublicHealth Laboratoryof the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Syiah Kuala University on thenumber ofmicrobial contamination of Total Plate Count (TPC) from the wet markets ofLambaro(Aceh BesarDistrict), the Sigli(PidieDistrict), and Meureudu(PidieJaya District) showed thatmicrobial contaminationis belowthe threshold setSNI-3932-2008. In general, the results showed that the qualityof food productsof animal origin,particularly beeffrom wet marketsinthreedistricts,have levels of contamination that arestill reasonable. Nevertheless,goodhygiene andsanitationsupervisionofpre-productionto distributionandcirculation of supervision should be maintained

Planetary quarantine program Quarterly progress report, period ending 31 Mar. 1968

Planetary quarantine objectives, microbial death models, and surface contamination studie

Horticultural assessment scheme: insight in prevalence and distribution of microbial contamination to evaluate water management in fresh produce processing industry

Title: Horticultural Assessment Scheme: insight in prevalence and distribution of microbial contamination to evaluate water management in fresh produce processing industry. Introduction: Microbial food safety is a global concern. Particularly, fresh produce is increasingly involved in some outbreaks. Many food borne illnesses are related with contamination during the postharvest processing (e.g. washing, chilling). The source and contamination level of the used water is an important issue that influences the degree of contamination at all stages in the chain. Purpose: The purpose is to present the concept of a ‘Horticultural Assessment Scheme’ as systematic approach in sampling and analysis in order to obtain a helicopter view on microbial quality, hygiene and safety level of products and processes in a company. It may help to identify bottlenecks in management of food safety and water. Methods: A Horticultural Assessment Scheme (HAS) is developed to assess the level of microbiological quality of leafy vegetables during postharvest processing. HAS is a procedure that defines the identification of critical sampling locations, the selection of microbiological parameters, the assessment of sampling frequency, the selection of sampling method and method of analysis, and finally data processing and interpretation. Results: The results of the HAS showed that (a) neither Salmonella nor L. monocytogenes were detected in the frame of this sampling plan. It turned out that the (b) total psychrotrophic aerobic count is perceived to be, neither for the fresh produce samples nor for the water or environmental samples, a good indicator of overall microbial quality and good practices during production and processing. And (c) if there is a lack of refilling the water and high product/water ratio’s, a fast build up of E. coli and transfer to the end product occurs. Significance: The results obtained by analysis of hygiene indicator E. coli along with the information obtained on the ratio of the product/water used in the washing baths and frequency of refilling water enabled to evaluate water management in these two companies involved in production of pre-packed cut fresh produce. The companies need to validate their water management and optimize the process to guarantee a proper water quality from the start until the end of the process. However, the difficulty about a proper water management is the lack of guidelines on acceptable microbial contamination in wash water, product/volume ratio and frequency of refilling fresh water to washing baths

Services provided in support of the planetary quarantine requirements, January - March 1969

Heat shock effects on bacterial spore recovery and Apollo 9, 10, and 11 microbial contamination dat

Comparison of the level of microbial contamination on stainless steel, aluminum, glass, and lucite protection branch report of test no. 15-65

Microbial contamination obtained on stainless steel, aluminum, glass, and lucite surfaces after twenty days exposure to room ai